采用扫气旁通系统改善车用高增压柴油机低工况性能的计算研究

采用扫气旁通系统（Scavengingby－pass简称Scaby系统）改善车用高增压柴油机低工况性能，运用“有限容积法”一维非定常流动模型进行了模拟计算研究。计算结果表明，采用Scaby系统可以改善车用高增压柴油机的低工况性能，并且能在一定程度上降低柴油机的机械负荷和热负荷。     

日本的柴油机技术

本文结合日本国内道路、交通和排放法规，侧重于与欧美不同的方面，介绍了日本现代车用柴油机技术。阐述了为提高功率、改善燃油经济性、降低噪声和降低排放所采用的增压和中冷、共靶式燃油喷射、电子控制、EGR和改进燃烧等技术的现状与发展趋势。     

我国车用柴油机的技术现状及发展趋势

本文分析我国目前车用柴油机制造技术与国际水平相比所存在的差距，预测今后若干年内车用柴油机将向节能降耗，应用增压技术，提高可靠性，降低排放，采用电控技术方面发展，以尽快接近和赶上国际先进水平。     

减振钢板在内燃机降噪中的应用

论述了降低机械结构振动的方法及常用复合减振钢板的减振机理。分析了车用内燃机结构表面振动与辐射噪声的关系，并对一台车用大功率涡轮增压中冷柴油机进行台架试验，确定了油底壳及进气管为发动机主要噪声源。通过采用减振钢板取代原普通钢板的方法，使这两部件的振动水平显著降低，发动机整机噪声也得到了改善。     

车用催化剂的研究进展

车用催化剂经历了约30年的发展,是催化领域,尤其是异相催化领域开发最为成功的一类催化剂。目前,车用催化剂的概念已不再局限于仅是一种排放后处理技术,用于改善燃烧过程、降低内燃机污染物生成量的燃油添加剂也是一种新型车用催化剂。     

汽油辛烷值对车辆性能的影响

为了对汽车消费者普及汽车发动机燃料油的使用知识，指导合理用油，上海高桥分公司选用3种车型的车辆分别使用90、93和97号车用无铅汽油，通过实车道路试验及台架试验，考察了不同标号的车用无铅汽油对车辆性能及排放的影响。试验表明，随汽油辛烷值的提高，汽车的油耗有不同程度的改善，CO排放有所降低，车辆的加速性能也有所提高。     

发动机铝合金复合材料的应用

当今人们对车用发动机的要求愈来愈多，这就使得我们必须开发和使用一些新型材料，以提高发动机零部件的质量，增强其工作可靠性，延长其使用寿命，从而改善发动机的燃料经济性，降低发动机的噪声及有害排放。     

改善车用发动机燃油经济性的微波等离子燃烧系统

研究表明,在改善车用发动机燃油经济性的技术中,应该着重开发性价比(改善效果与投入经费之比)更好的技术,如增加废气再循环量、降低发动机摩擦、凸轮相位控制,以及等离子燃烧系统等。介绍基于微波脉冲振荡控制的非平衡等离子燃烧技术,以及该技术应用与车用发动机的研发情况和改善燃油经济性的效果。     

车用汽油机实现稀薄燃烧的技术措施

叙述了汽油机实现稀燃的关键技术,通过对进气道喷射和缸内直喷两种稀燃关键技术的论述及对比分析,提出了车用汽油机实现稀燃是提高车用汽油机经济性和改善排放性能的重要途径。     

代用燃料甲醇与二甲醚的研究进展

文章介绍了代用燃料甲醇与二甲醚的物理化学性质与制备路线，并通过分析燃料的经济性，认为这两种含氧车用替代燃料既可以缓解能源安全问题，还能够降低汽车尾气排放，值得推广。     

电控汽油机提高经济性排放性的途径

本文提出了电控汽油机提高燃油经济性，降低排放的三种措施，并介绍了各种措施的一些具体要求及实施手段，为车用电控汽油机进一步提高燃油经济性，降低排放提供了途径。     

电控多点喷射汽油机的多目标规划匹配实验研究

本文用多目标规划的方法设计了空燃比分布表格，在其指导下对油特性ＭＡ进行了匹配实验。以满足提高经济性和动力性，降低排放的要求；     

柴油机的排放污染及控制措施

介绍了柴油机排放的污染物及其生成机理。在控制柴油机排放的措施中,首先介绍了提高柴油的着火性能、降低含硫量及使用柴油添加剂等;其次,阐述了改进柴油机的燃烧过程,即改进供油系统、改进供气系统、采用废气再循环技术等;最后,介绍了柴油机的排放后处理。     

车用柴油机起动烟度试验研究

针对柴油汽车起动过程烟度较为严重的问题,以柴油机台架试验为研究手段,从改善燃烧过程以及燃料自身性能的角度出发对车用柴油机起动烟度的优化进行了研究。结果表明:柴油机喷油起始转速、起动供油量、燃料性能均对起动烟度存在直接影响;试验条件下,适当提高喷油起始转速、降低起动供油量、提升燃料十六烷值及含氧量,可以有效降低该柴油机起动烟度。     

燃料电池重型货车整车开发主要矛盾辨析与应对研究

在我国,中重型货车是温室气体及污染物排放的主要贡献者,加快以柴油为主的中重型货车向电动化转型十分迫切,纯电动与燃料电池是当下最受重视的两条技术路线。纯电动路线在十多年的中短途运输和公共领域中的发展被证明是成功的;燃料电池路线在能量补给、能量密度等方面的优势比纯电动路线更适宜于长途重型货车的应用,目前正处于迅猛发展阶段。然而,以柴油牵引汽车为例,车辆可通过采用大油箱轻松达到 3 000 km的续驶里程,而当前的燃料电池牵引汽车的续驶里程正努力向500 km迈进,远不能与柴油汽车相比较。鉴于此,基于客户需求视角考虑,当下燃料电池重型货 车整车开发的主要矛盾,是过低的车载储氢量带来的续驶里程过低问题,这主要是由氢过低的体积存储密度决定的。提高燃料电池堆和燃料电池系统的能量转化效率虽然有助于提升续驶里程,但其前提是关键材料的技术突破。在当前整车开发中,最大限度地提升车载储氢量,降低辅助系统能耗,提高机械传动与电力电子系统效率,降低车辆行驶消耗更具有现实意义和可操作性。重点介绍在提升车载储氢量和降低车辆空气阻力系数方面的措施,以及对提升续驶里程的影响。按照《节能与新能源汽车技术路线图2.0》的愿景,能够实现燃料电池重型货车到2030年达到800 km的续驶里程的目标。     

发动机排气歧管断裂分析

近年来,由于防止废气污染、噪声及提高燃油效率的需要,发动机气缸的排气温度不断提高,以及因超载和路况等原因引起发动机超负荷运行,导致排气歧管的热疲劳开裂时有发生。对某车型发动机排气歧管的热疲劳断裂问题进行综合失效分析,并从材料、结构方面提出改进意见。     

Assessment of the influence of different cooling system configurations on engine warm-up, emissions and fuel consumption

One of the major goals of engine designers is the reduction of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions while keeping or even improving engine performance. In recent years, different technical issues have been investigated and incorporated into internal combustion engines in order to fulfill these requirements. Most are related to the combustion process since it is responsible for both fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. Additionally, the most critical operating points for an engine are both the starting and the warming up periods (the time the engine takes to reach its nominal temperature, generally between 80°C and 90°C), since at these points fuel consumption and pollutant emissions are larger than at any other points. Thus, reducing the warm-up period can be crucial to fulfill new demands and regulations. This period depends strongly on the engine cooling system and the different strategies used to control and regulate coolant flow and temperature. In the present work, the influences of different engine cooling system configurations on the warm-up period of a Diesel engine are studied. The first part of the work focuses on the modeling of a baseline engine cooling system and the tests performed to adjust and validate the model. Once the model was validated, different modifications of the engine coolant system were simulated. From the modelled results, the most favourable condition was selected in order to check on the test bench the reduction achieved in engine warm-up time and to quantify the benefits obtained in terms of engine fuel consumption and pollutant emissions under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). The results show that one of the selected configurations reduced the warm-up period by approximately 159 s when compared with the baseline configuration. As a consequence, important reductions in fuel consumption and pollutant emissions (HC and CO) were obtained. On doctoral leave from Universidad Technológica de Pereira (Colombia)     

不同还原过程空燃比大小对降低稀燃汽油机NOx排放的试验研究

运用自行开发设计的稀燃发动机电控系统和催化系统，对稀燃汽油机运用吸附还原催化法在不同的还原过程空燃比条件下降低NOx的排放进行了研究。试验结果表明，还原过程空燃比越小，吸附还原催化器吸附的NOx还原就越彻底，汽油机排出的NOx也越少。但稀燃汽油机的燃油消耗率增加，经济性变差。     

Reduction of emissions with propane addition to a diesel engine

Recent studies on dual-fuel combustion in compression-ignition (CI) engines, also known as diesel engines, fall into two categories. In the first category are studies focused on the addition of small amounts of gaseous fuel to CI engines. In these studies, gaseous fuel is regarded as a secondary fuel and diesel fuel is regarded as the main fuel for combustion. The objectives of these studies typically involve reducing particulate matter (PM) emissions by using gaseous fuel as a partial substitution for diesel fuel. However, the addition of gaseous fuel raises the combustion temperature, which increases emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO_x). In the second category are studies focused on reactivity-controlled compression-ignition (RCCI) combustion. RCCI combustion can be implemented by early diesel injection with a large amount of low-reactivity fuel such as gasoline or gaseous fuel. Although RCCI combustion promises lower NO_x and PM emissions and higher thermal efficiency than conventional diesel combustion, it requires a higher intake pressure (usually more than 1.7 bars) to maintain a lean fuel mixture. Therefore, in this study, practical applications of dual-fuel combustion with a low air-fuel ratio (AFR), which implies a low intake pressure, were systemically evaluated using propane in a diesel engine. The characteristics of dualfuel combustion for high and low AFRs were first evaluated. The proportion of propane used for four different operating conditions was then increased to decrease emissions and to identify the optimal condition for dual-fuel combustion. Although the four operating conditions differ, the AFR was maintained at 20 (? approximately equal to 0.72) and the 50% mass fraction burned (MFB 50) was also fixed. The results show that dual-fuel combustion can reduce NO_x and PM emissions in comparison to conventional diesel combustion.     

Common rail injection system iterative learning control based parameter calibration for accurate fuel injection quantity control

This paper presents an accurate engine fuel injection quantity control technique for high pressure common rail (HPCR) injection systems by an iterative learning control (ILC)-based, on-line calibration method. Accurate fuel injection quantity control is of importance in improving engine combustion efficiency and reducing engine-out emissions. Current Diesel engine fuel injection quantity control algorithms are either based on pre-calibrated tables or injector models, which may not adequately handle the effects of disturbances from fuel pressure oscillation in HPCR, rail pressure sensor reading inaccuracy, and the injector aging on injection quantity control. In this paper, by using an exhaust oxygen fraction dynamic model, an on-line parameter calibration method for accurate fuel injection quantity control was developed based on an enhanced iterative learning control (EILC) technique in conjunction with HPCR injection system. A high-fidelity, GT-Power engine model, with parametric uncertainties and measurement disturbances, was utilized to validate such a methodology. Through simulations at different engine operating conditions, the effectiveness of the proposed method in rejecting the effects of uncertainties and disturbance on fuel injection quantity control was demonstrated.