电解海水防止海生物污损船舶的研究

探讨以电解海水方法防止海生物附着污损船舶的技术。首先以化学反应式剖析电解海水防污的原理,然后介绍电解海水防污系统:以图展示电解海水的基本流程和部件;用数学模型描述防污系统核心部件——电解槽的电解过程;特别是根据研究经验,提出以Ti—RuO_2电极作为电解海水阳极材料为最好。还提出降低欧姆降对电解槽影响和减少Cl_2及H_2分压的方法。     

钙质生物污损对船舶阻力和能效的影响

采用Schultz对钙质生物污损状况的粗糙度量化和分级,确定了钙质生物污损导致的船舶表面粗糙度函数.基于边界层相似定律,根据相应的船舶表面钙质生物污损粗糙度函数,采用自编的程序,计算和分析了5艘实例船舶在不同钙质生物污损下的阻力增加与船舶长度及速度之间的关系,绘制了相应的实际阻力增加速度曲线.利用实际的阻力增加-速度曲...     

解决船舶生物污损问题的国际统一方式

生物污损造成的环境生态破坏问题足近年来海洋环境保护工作者研究的热点问题,船舶的生物污损带来的外来物种入侵问题也引起了国际海事组织(International Maritime Organization,IMO)的高度关注.各成员国将在IMO的组织下为解决船舶生物污损问题制定国际统一的控制措施.通过对船舶牛物污损危害性的介绍,结合国外一些国家对生物污损问题的管理经验,并与压载水公约的立法过程进行对比,分析了IMO可能采取的立法措施,对我国航运业应采取的应对措施提出r意见和建议.     

船舶海水管系腐蚀的防护

某船海水冷却管系原先采用紫铜管,自投入营运以来,海水管系陆续出现溃烂漏水,一般管子使用10个月左右即腐蚀穿孔,因此,该轮的管系不断更新,造成人力、物力的损失,严重影响了船舶的正常航行和安全.经过一段时间的调查分析,发现该轮海水管系腐蚀有如下主要特征:(1)机舱上部海水管路比机舱底部管路腐蚀严重;(2)直径较小的管路比直径较大的管路腐蚀严重;(3)离水泵出口较远的管路比离水泵出口近的管路腐蚀严重;(4)靠近弯头附近烂穿漏水情况较多;(5)管系内部以蜂窝状腐蚀为主.本文结合该船实际情况,就管系腐蚀的原因进行分析,并提出解决管系腐蚀的途径.     

船用计程仪平面传感器防海生物腐蚀研究

船用计程仪平面式传感器的腐蚀将使计程仪无法正常工作，而测量航速精度的下降对作战系统的精确工作有着重要影响。对整个船体和船体局部的防腐研究已开展多年，并取得了良好的效果，为平面传感器防海生物腐蚀的研究提供了借鉴。主要针对平面式传感器如何防腐蚀开展研究，并提出了研究思路、方法、途径，为样机研制提出要求和提供技术措施，从而实现平面传感器的防腐蚀。     

铜管在船舶海水管系中的腐蚀

结合系列船舶设计、建造及维修实例,对铜管在船舶海水管系中出现腐蚀的现象进行了同型船对比调查,对铜管腐蚀机理进行了分析,结合分析结果对出现铜管腐蚀的船舶进行了针对性的考察找到原因,提出了相应解决方案,并对后续船舶海水管系设计提出了建议。     

高速船铜合金螺旋桨腐蚀缺陷分析

针对某高速船螺旋桨在船舶营运初期出现严重腐蚀和污损的现象,分析了螺旋桨空泡腐蚀、电化学腐蚀、冲刷腐蚀及海生物污损等原因,探讨了高速船用螺旋桨的参数与耐腐蚀性能及污损问题的关系,提出了螺旋桨产品检验的关注点,并对后续高速船螺旋桨设计和应用给出改进建议。     

某艇海水管路的腐蚀与防护

主要阐述了某艇海水管路的腐蚀各类、腐蚀原因及试验研究过程,并在此基础上提出适合该型役艇海水管路的防腐蚀方案。     

船体表面海洋污损生物附着规律分析

阐述了海洋污损生物的在船体表面的附着过程,分析了海水温度、盐度、水体流速、海水透明度以及附着基材料性质对污损生物附着情况的影响状况,基于实船调查,探讨了船舶水线区、船艏、船舯、船艉、船底、螺旋桨、舵等7大浸水部位污损情况的差异,获得船体表面海洋污损生物附着的初步规律,认为船体表面污损生物的附着种类和数量与船舶的类型、航线、营运性质等都有关系,船底是船舶污损最为严重的部位,船艏的附着量比船舯和船艉要小,螺旋桨和舵的污损不是很严重,附着的主要是粘附力极强的底栖生物,藻类是水带线附近的优势附着种。此结论可为研制高效、环保的防污手段提供参考依据。     

船舶海水管系管材腐蚀及防腐技术探讨

文章主要探讨了船舶海水管系腐蚀的机理和原因,并对一些常用管材的抗腐蚀性能及应用场合作了介绍,对船舶海水管系设计中使用的防腐蚀措施作了较系统的介绍.     

辽东湾北部浅水区海冰对航行的影响及对策

辽东湾北部浅水区有许多石油开发区块,由于水浅有冰等因素,使在现有的破冰船和冰区航行技术条件下的航行十分困难。分沿岸冻结区、滩涂堆积区和流冰区等不同区带讨论辽东湾北部海冰存在特征以及海冰对航行的影响,并根据海冰存在特点和海域工程的具体特性提出相应的对策。     

Administrative burdens and over-exertion in Swedish short sea shipping

ABSTRACT

Despite significant changes in work tasks performed on board, towards more sedentary monitoring and administrative work, the incidence of occupational injuries and disorders remains high among seafarers. In order to improve safety standards, industry stakeholders increasingly require written documentation of numerous routines, procedures and tasks performed on board. These increased demands have however added to the administrative burden. Some say, to the extent that administrative work has become a safety risk in itself. This paper presents the result of a survey investigating how Swedish seafarers perceive their own level of fatigue, stress and over-exertion related to work. The material consists of 1309 respondents originating from a random selection procedure, of which 651 reported to be employed in short sea shipping. Multiple regression analysis (OLS regression), allowing adjusted effects, were applied in several steps of the analysis. The highest levels of exertion were reported by employees in the catering department, positions not generally associated with high administrative burden. Perceived high levels of administrative work do increase the level of exertion, but cannot explain the observed pattern. Future ship and trade-specific studies on physical and mental well-being and complementary studies on the catering department’s working conditions and work environment are necessary.     

海冰对港口作业的影响及应对措施

渤海和北黄海每年冬季都有结冰现象。海冰能够封锁港口、堵塞航道、破坏近海结构物、使航行中的船舶受损,给船舶进出港航行、操纵及靠离码头作业等带来极大困难,对港口运营也有较大的影响,严重情况会导致重大海难事故。从港口建设决策者及运营管理者的角度出发,多方面阐述了海冰对港口作业的影响,并重点论述了港口应对海冰灾害的措施,为冰况区港口能够延长作业天数及安全生产提供参考。     

Methodology for ro-ro ship and fleet sizing with application to short sea shipping

A novel methodology is developed for determining the characteristics of a cargo roll-on/roll-off (ro-ro) ship and the fleet size required for a given short sea shipping route. The ship and required fleet size to satisfy the transportation demand (for each pair of speed and freight rate) are determined using a database of existing cargo ro-ro ships to obtain the main technical characteristics of the most suitable ship. The time charter, voyage costs and revenue are then calculated considering the technical characteristics of each ship. Fuel costs are corrected for the actual ship speed and loading condition. A number of restrictions in the transportation problem are considered leading to the exclusion of unfeasible solutions. The maximum profit over the period of a year is identified among the feasible pairs of speed and freight rate. This general methodology is applied in a case study that considers the route between Leixões (Portugal) and Rotterdam (Netherlands). The study allows the identification of the most suitable ship and fleet sizes for different market penetration levels and quantifies the impact on shipping company profit of changes in parameters such as fuel costs, time charter costs, emission control area, installed propulsion power and stacking factor.     

浙江沿海特征潮位与工程设计水位关系

针对岛屿地区长期潮位资料缺乏,给工程设计水位确定带来一定困难的问题,利用浙江沿海16个潮位站一年的潮位资料,推算本海域各站特征潮位及设计水位,并采用线性相关分析法对特征潮位与设计水位间关系进行研究,得到两者间规律性的成果,可为浙江沿海港口工程前期规划、设计等阶段估算工程设计水位提供参考。     

Effects of job demands and social interactions on fatigue in short sea cargo shipping

Although fatigue is considered an important problem in shipping, little is known about potential mitigating factors or resources for coping. Adopting a Job Demands–Resources framework, this article examines the effects of both job demands (stressors) and resources on fatigue, focusing on social interactions on board as a potential source of social support. Using an incomplete repeated-measures design, the study combined information from documents with surveys on seven cargo ships. Findings indicated that fatigue levels were highest for those working on deck and for individuals at higher hierarchical levels. Higher numbers of port calls (and to some extent lower numbers of days at sea) also increased fatigue levels. By contrast, night watches and the number of days in port had no effect on fatigue. Supportive social interactions reduced fatigue (main effect), but their effect was weaker when the number of port calls increased (interaction effect). All main effects were mediated by individuals’ perceptions of work pressure. Taken together, findings highlight the importance of considering social interactions on board to advance our understanding of stressors and strain in seafaring.     

试述"萨拉姆98"轮海难给航运(海事)带来的种种警示

详细介绍了“萨拉姆98”轮海难的经过及失事原因。并结合相关国际公约和国内海事管理法规,分析了这起海难给航运(海事)带来的种种警示。     

系泊船舶在横浪作用下撞击能量计算参数C_m取值研究

船舶附加水体质量系数C_m的取值对计算系泊船舶在横浪作用下的撞击能量具有十分重要的影响,目前国内外相关文献对该参数取值差异较大,且国内水运行业规范的参数取值偏小,给结构安全带来一定隐患。经过对取值规定的比较,并参照计算公式、结合工程实例分析计算结果,得知国内现行规范C_m的取值明显小于国内外相关规范和研究报告的取值。建议20万吨级以上船舶增大C_m取值为1.7~2.0。     

系泊船舶在横浪作用下撞击能量计算参数Cm 取值研究

船舶附加水体质量系数Cm的取值对计算系泊船舶在横浪作用下的撞击能量具有十分重要的影响,目前国内外相关文献对该参数取值差异较大,且国内水运行业规范的参数取值偏小,给结构安全带来一定隐患。经过对取值规定的比较,并参照计算公式、结合工程实例分析计算结果,得知国内现行规范Cm的取值明显小于国内外相关规范和研究报告的取值。建议20万吨级以上船舶增大Cm取值为1.7～2.0。     

海水介质下铜合金空冷器管失效原因分析

某型柴油机空气冷却器在服役过程中发现铜管腐蚀泄漏,铜管已经由内壁向外壁腐蚀穿孔。文中采用化学成分分析、金相分析、显微硬度测试、腐蚀表面形貌分析(SEM和EDS)等方法对空冷器管的腐蚀失效原因进行分析,结果表明:海水介质下,海洋生物在管内壁的沉积以及海水中腐蚀性氯离子、硫离子与铜基体引起微电池反应是空冷器管腐蚀穿孔的主要原因,并提出了相应的腐蚀控制建议。