锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁抗弯承载力计算及破坏截面预测

通过锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁抗弯承载力试验,在已经提出的基于锈胀裂缝宽度的锈蚀率计算方法基础上,根据承载力试验结果建立了基于计算锈蚀率的锈蚀梁承载力计算方法,同时提出了锈蚀梁危险截面位置的预测方法,与已有研究成果的对比表明,该方法具有良好的准确性和实用性,可以为锈蚀梁残余承载力和危险截面的预测提供参考。     

受腐蚀混凝土结构的随机腐蚀损伤

在一些特殊环境（如海洋、化工环境）下,由于环境中存在的大量腐蚀性介质（如氯离子）,将对在服役结构造成一定的腐蚀损伤,进而影响结构的安全性和耐久性。本文基于实际受腐蚀结构的检测研究,采用随机理论,建立了受腐蚀结构的随机腐蚀损伤模型,以便进一步的可靠性评估及剩余寿命预测。     

混凝土结构钢筋锈胀数值模拟

通过对混凝土梁在钢筋锈蚀膨胀作用下的开裂全过程进行模拟,得到混凝土梁在钢筋均匀锈蚀膨胀和非均匀锈蚀膨胀情况下的裂缝产生和发展的情况,分析了保护层胀裂时的钢筋膨胀率的影响因素,其中包括混凝土保护层的厚度、钢筋直径、混凝土的强度等级。通过比较试验数据与前人研究成果,结果都体现了相同的钢筋锈胀规律。在此基础上,提出结构耐久性的影响因素并指导结构耐久性设计。     

铜管在船舶海水管系中的腐蚀

结合系列船舶设计、建造及维修实例,对铜管在船舶海水管系中出现腐蚀的现象进行了同型船对比调查,对铜管腐蚀机理进行了分析,结合分析结果对出现铜管腐蚀的船舶进行了针对性的考察找到原因,提出了相应解决方案,并对后续船舶海水管系设计提出了建议。     

不同应力状态下钢筋混凝土梁加速腐蚀试验研究*

开展了不同应力状态下钢筋混凝土梁电解液加速腐蚀试验,研究了加速腐蚀试验中通电时间、钢筋腐蚀率和荷载水平等外界条件对试验构件力学性能的影响,分析了钢筋锈蚀过程中梁截面应变变化和锈蚀裂缝产生情况,为进一步开展应力状态下钢筋混凝土梁的研究提供了试验参考。     

Propagating buckles in corroded pipelines

Rigid–plastic solutions for the steady-state, quasi-static buckle propagation pressure in corroded pipelines are derived and compared to finite element predictions (ABAQUS). The corroded pipeline is modeled as an infinitely long, cylindrical shell with a section of reduced thickness that is used to describe the corrosion. A five plastic hinge mechanism is used to describe plastic collapse of the corroded pipeline. Closed-form expressions are given for the buckle propagation pressure as a function of the amount of corrosion in an X77 steel pipeline. Buckles that propagate down the pipeline are caused by either global or snap-through buckling, depending on the amount of corrosion. Global buckling occurs when the angular extent of the corrosion is greater than 90°. When the angular extent is less than 90° and the corrosion is severe, snap-through buckling takes place. The buckle propagation pressure and the corresponding collapse modes also compare well to finite element predictions.     

Symmetric and anti-symmetric buckle propagation modes in subsea corroded pipelines

Solutions for the steady-state buckle propagation modes and pressures in a corroded pipeline subjected to external hydrostatic pressure are presented. The buckle propagation pressure of a corroded pipeline is obtained analytically with a rigid-plastic analysis and numerically from finite element analysis (ABAQUS). Both the rigid-plastic analysis and ABAQUS program reveal symmetric and anti-symmetric buckling modes, depending on the depth and angular extent of the corrosion. Snap-through and global buckling of the pipeline are also distinguished in both solutions. The rigid-plastic solutions for buckle propagation pressure and corresponding collapse modes are found to be within 15% with numerical solutions.     

Reliability analysis of ovalized deep-water pipelines with corrosion defects

The accurate assessment of the remaining strength of corroded pipes is a subject that has been increasingly investigated over the past decades. This is because of the risk of significant social, economic, and environmental effects that may be caused by an accident. The finite element method has been successfully used to predict the collapse pressure considering external load. It was also used in this study. The literature primarily focused on the corroded pipes subjected to internal pressure. In this study, the out-of-roundness (ovalization) of the pipe was considered to evaluate the collapse pressure. Uncertainties should be incorporated into a computational model to assess the reliability of corroded pipes. Three methods for evaluation of the probability of failure were used: the first-order reliability method (FORM), traditional Monte Carlo (MC), and a new proposed methodology that combines MC results with the kernel density estimation method (MCkde). The probability of failure of ovalized corroded pipes subject to external pressure was computed. The results exhibited a good agreement between FORM and MCkde method. The statistical importance of each random variable was observed and the results were compared with those from intact ovalized pipes. The computation cost of the MC method with numerical simulation limits its use to the application under study. Solutions using the FORM and MCkde methods exhibited good agreement with those of the full MC method. However, the computational effort of the latter was independent of the stochastic dimension, and it was a derivative-free method. As expected, in general, the solutions based on empirical methods were conservative.     

Welding-induced residual stresses and distortions of butt-welded corroded and intact plates

The welding-induced residual stresses and distortions of butt-welds between non-corroded and corroded steel plates are studied experimentally and numerically, simulating a repair in an aged structure. Butt welds are made between plates with different corrosion levels and intact ones, and temperature distributions and distortions have been measured. Finite element analyses of the butt-welded corroded and non-corroded plates are performed to estimate the welding-induced distortions and residual stresses for different levels of corrosion degradation. The environmental conditions during the welding repair process are also accounted for. Experimentally evaluated mechanical properties of corroded steel plates as a function of the temperature during the welding process are employed in non-linear finite element analyses. The importance of the material properties as a function of the severity of the steel plates' corrosion degradation on the welding-induced distortions and residual stresses is also quantified. This study shows the importance of considering the ageing of steel in the repair process. The developed methodology allows critical operational decisions to be made with greater ease and confidence in analysing the welding-induced distortions and residual stresses when ageing structures are repaired to extend their service life. Furthermore, different welding sequence scenarios may be analysed to identify the most appropriate repair solution in minimising the repair cost.     

Long-term inter-link wear of model mooring chains

Chains usually form the upper part of moorings systems used for maritime structures such as floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessels, increasingly employed in the offshore oil and gas industry particularly in very deep waters. Current design rules do not differentiate between corrosion and inter-link wear. Laboratory experiments are described to determine the rate of wear of model (i.e. small-scale) mooring chains for up to 200,000 wear cycles. Various axial loadings and specific angular displacement were used with testing under either dry or wet conditions and for un-corroded and corroded chain. The results show that tensile force has a significant but non-linear effect on the inter-link wear. The amount of wear is similar for un-corroded and for corroded chains and is lower in wet conditions.     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土大偏心受压柱的数值模拟

基于锈蚀钢筋混凝土偏心受压构件承载力试验研究结果,运用ANSYS有限元分析软件,对锈蚀钢筋混凝土大偏心构件进行分析,通过温度场模拟钢筋锈蚀作用,得到锈蚀构件破坏特征及承载力随锈蚀程度的变化规律。经对比试验结果,该有限元模型数值计算与试验结果能较好吻合,温度场模拟钢筋锈蚀较理想。对不同直径钢筋影响受压柱承载力和裂缝分布规律进一步分析,结果表明:同等条件下,随着钢筋直径增加,钢筋锈胀力减小,裂缝开裂分布区域发生变化。     

利用体外预应力技术加固码头面板的研究

通过对补加体外预应力技术加固补强钢筋严重锈蚀破损码头面板的试验研究 ,为码头面板的修复提供了一种方法 ,以恢复码头面板的承载力 ,提高其耐久性     

Experimental assessment of the ultimate strength of a box girder subjected to severe corrosion

The objective of this paper is to describe the experimental assessment of the ultimate strength of a severely corroded box girder subjected to a uniform bending moment resulting from four-point loading. Three box girders that could simulate the behaviour of midship sections have been deteriorated in corrosive seawater environment to simulate different levels of corrosion degradation of ageing ship structures. During the deterioration process, various parameters have been controlled and the total weight lost was registered. Corroded plate thicknesses have been measured in 212 points and a statistical analysis has been performed. The resulting corrosion wastage has been fitted by a non-linear time variant degradation model. The experimental results of the ultimate strength test of a severely corroded box girder subjected to a four-point loading have been analysed. The load-displacement and moment-curvature relationship is discussed, different failure modes are identified, and the strain gauges readings are analysed.     

A computational investigation of the effects of both-sides general corrosion on the buckling/plastic collapse behaviour and strength of stiffened plates

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the post-buckling behaviour and ultimate strength of imperfect corroded stiffened steel plates used in ships and other marine-related structures. A series of elastic–plastic large deflection finite element analyses is performed on stiffened steel plates suffering general corrosion wastage with random distribution. General corrosion is introduced into the finite element models using a random thickness surface model. The effects of corroded stiffened plate parameters on the post-buckling and ultimate strengths are evaluated in detail. The stiffeners of different symmetrical or unsymmetrical cross-sections are introduced into the models for analysis. Some distinctions are explored and highlighted between the behaviours of steel plates suffering general corrosion in unstiffened and stiffened cases. Finally, a proposal is given in order to simulate the average stress–average strain relationship of stiffened steel plates having both-surface general corrosion wastage.     

Experimental investigation of the strength and stability of submarine pressure hulls with and without artificial corrosion damage

A submarine may have to operate for a period of time with local corrosion damage in the pressure hull if a suitable repair method is unavailable or too expensive for implementation. This paper describes collapse tests on twenty ring-stiffened aluminium cylinders, which were conducted to study the effect of corrosion damage on hull strength and stability. Artificial hull thinning was found to reduce the collapse strength of experimental models through high local stresses in the corroded region, leading to early onset of yielding and inelastic buckling. Bending associated with the eccentricity due to one-sided thinning was found to further increase the local stresses in the hull. Overall collapse pressures were more severely affected by corrosion damage than interframe collapse pressures. The percentage reduction in overall collapse pressure, compared with intact experimental models, was found to be closely related to the percentage depth of thinning. The accuracy of conventional collapse pressure predictions for the experimental models was significantly better for intact than for corroded cylinders.     

船用电机冷却器的防腐设计

船用电机冷却器在使用中会出现严重的腐蚀现象，本文着重探讨了冷却器在海水中腐蚀的原因，并从原材料选择、工艺方法以及表面处理三个方面对电机冷却器进行防腐设计，对充电发电机冷却器的研制有指导作用。     

考虑检测维修更新的船体梁时变可靠性分析

目前对服役期内船舶时变可靠性的分析,主要考虑疲劳和腐蚀这两类损伤随时间累积对剖面模数的影响,但很少考虑检测维修因素对损伤的修复作用.本文以某疏浚船为例,通过Matlab软件编程,以船体梁总纵强度为分析对象,建立极限状态方程,定量计算疲劳和腐蚀随时间对剖面模数造成的折减,并定量分析了疲劳裂纹和腐蚀板件检测维修的影响,对船舶的时变可靠性进行分析.计算结果表明,疲劳裂纹和腐蚀损伤随时间累积均会引起船体梁时变可靠度降低,且腐蚀是时变可靠度降低的主要因素;对裂纹和腐蚀板件的检测维修能恢复船舶的可靠度,时变可靠度恢复的效果与裂纹检测精度和腐蚀板件最小允许折减量比率有关.建议在后续研究中将对损伤的检测维修因素纳入分析.     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁抗弯刚度退化研究

在大量锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁试验数据的基础上,计算得到不同锈蚀方式和锈蚀率等情况下试验梁的抗弯刚度退化系数,拟合给出钢筋锈蚀率与梁抗弯刚度退化系数的理论计算公式,并通过对新制作的钢筋混凝土试验梁通电加速腐蚀试验,验证计算公式的可靠性和准确性。     

组合式塑料合金电缆桥架在马迹山矿石中转港二期工程中的应用

鉴于宝钢马迹山矿石中转港一期工程电缆桥架腐蚀严重,二期工程的户外电缆桥架选用组合式塑料合金电缆桥架替代传统的金属电缆桥架,实施效果良好。文章通过阐述组合式塑料合金电缆桥架的构成与特点,介绍马迹山港二期工程电缆桥架的选型依据。