海洋船舶的轨迹估计算法

准确估计和预测海洋导航中机动船舶的轨迹是改善海上安全和保安的重要工具。因此,许多常规海洋导航系统和船舶交通管理和报告服务都为此目的配备了雷达设施。然而,船舶操纵轨迹的预测的准确性主要取决于船舶位置,速度和加速度的估计的良好性。因此,本研究提出了一个基于曲线运动模型的机动海洋船只模型,其基于用于相同目的的线性位置模型的测量。此外,还假定与白高斯噪声相关联的系统状态和测量模型。扩展卡尔曼滤波器被提出作为用于估计位置,速度和加速度的自适应滤波器算法,用于预测机动的海洋船舶轨迹。最后,提出的模型被实施,并获得成功的计算结果,在本研究中的海洋导航中的船舶操纵轨迹的预测。     

Real time assimilation of HF radar currents into a coastal ocean model

A real time assimilation and forecasting system for coastal currents is presented. The purpose of the system is to deliver current analyses and forecasts on based on assimilation of high-frequency radar surface current measurements. The local Vessel Traffic Service monitoring the ship traffic to two oil terminals on the coast of Norway received the analyses and forecasts in real time.A new assimilation method based on optimal interpolation is presented where spatial covariances derived from an ocean model are used instead of simplified mathematical formulations. An array of high frequency radar antennae provides the current measurements. A suite of nested ocean models comprises the model system. The observing system is found to yield good analyses and short range forecasts that are significantly improved compared to a model twin without assimilation. The system is fast, analysis and 6-h forecasts are ready at the Vessel Traffic Service 45 min after acquisition of radar measurements.     

Potential and benefits of electronic charts to Maritime Administrations

Electronic charts have come more and more into use for marine navigation. If complying with the relevant international standards they are an accepted substitute to the mandatory carriage of paper nautical charts. However, the potential of such official, high-quality electronic chart data goes far beyond the use for navigation. In order to show its potential, the basic concepts and features of official electronic charts as a marine geographic information data base are explained and the relation of Hydrographic Offices responsible for their production, to Maritime Administrations is described. The data standard to be followed for electronic charts opens the use of the data for a wide range of possible applications. If efficiently organised, Maritime Administrations can be provided with a powerful, versatile database establishing a single geographic reference data base for e.g. Vessel Traffic Services, for Search and Rescue as well as for various applications in Coastal Zone Management including coastal protection and marine environmental protection. Ultimately, digital marine geographic information will become part of the evolving global spatial data infrastructure.     

可视化交互式船舶交通系统仿真

加强船舶交通管理,保障船舶交通安全,必须对船舶交通系统有全面了解,本文对可视化交互式船舶交通系统仿真进行了介绍,提出了船舶交通系统仿具体的步骤和要求。     

对我国《船舶交通事故统计规则》中事故分类的再设计

通过对比我国与IMO对船舶事故分类类别和各类事故定义的不同,指出我国《船舶交通事故统计规则》中事故分类存在的缺陷,并对船舶交通事故类别进行了重新划分。     

对天津港VTM模式的探讨

文中提供了天津港VTS实施的一种典型VTM（Vessel Traffic Management）模式,分析了天津港VTS从运行初一直实施的VTM模式特点,描述了实施VTM取得的效果,提出了天津港VTS实施船舶交通管理是一种典型的VTM。     

港口“三调度合一”系统介绍及其技术实现

介绍了应用船舶交通管理系统(VTS)、船舶自动识别系统(AIS)、全球定位系统(GPS)、地理信息系统(GIS)、通信技术等新技术,将港口作业调度、轮驳调度、引航调度管理整合起来,实创港口业务调度管理的“三调度合一”,进行统一的调度和管理从而提高了工效。     

杭州湾跨海大桥VTS软科学研究

船舶交通管理系统(VTS)是一项牵涉面非常广、极复杂的系统工程，开展软科学研究，是合理规划和科学管理的前提和依据。杭州湾跨海大桥桥区水域建立船舶交通管理系统，条件、情况比较特殊复杂，应该更加重视和加强实现系统功能所必须依赖的软科学研究。     

ECDIS,AIS和VTS

着重介绍了电子海图显示与信息系统(ECDIS)、船载自动识别系统(AIS)和船舶交通管制系统(VTS),介绍了它们各自的发展状况以及三者之间的相互关系、作用和特点。文中特别阐述了AIS给海上监控技术带来的全新概念,从而使人们进一步认识到ECDIS,AIS和VTS将在未来航海领域中起着重要的作用。     

Potential and benefits of AIS to Ships and Maritime Administrations

The Universal Automatic Identification System (AIS) provides a huge variety of potential applications and services which exceed the well known ship-to-ship data exchange. The purpose of this paper is to address the most important AIS services, in particular the AIS position report and the AIS safety-related and binary messages (“AIS telegrams”). The main issue is the impact of this new technology on the on-board use of AIS in collision avoidance (and its limitations) as well as the impact on shore-based services such as Vessel Traffic Service (VTS), port management and the need of an effective AIS network.     

VHF海上安全信息自动播发系统在VTS应用现状与工作建议

海上安全信息是船舶航行及作业安全的重要保障.VTS管辖水域通常船舶交通流密集、生产繁忙,为更好地满足船舶信息需求、维护辖区水域安全,VTS中心开始在传统人工服务手段的基础上探索实现海上安全信息的自动播发.然而,目前VTS人员对于VHF自动播发语音信息的性质存在认知差异,自动播发系统的使用存在较大的随意性.该文对VHF自...     

How remote is remote pilotage?

“Today, the idea of allowing aircraft pilots to operate as they see fit, without any control from the land, is unthinkable. Will the same things apply to ships in twenty to thirty years’ time?”Current maritime pilotage regimes are clearly seen in some quarters as too restrictive and old fashioned. Change is “in the air” and VTS, pilotage, and the relationship between them cannot be immune to it. Subject to the attainment of the appropriate standards by both ships and their crews there is no practical reason why more flexible Vessel Traffic Management cannot be introduced. The required technology is largely available and, with the introduction of AIS, the required dynamic data can be available. Technical problems foreseen are believed capable of solution. The more significant obstacles to implementation are, therefore, largely political, commercial, organisational, and cultural. These issues are discussed in this paper taking into account the viewpoints of major stakeholders.     

The passenger vessel services act and America's cruise tourism industry

The Passenger Vessel Services Act (PVSA) of 1886, a cabotage law, attempts to shield U.S. maritime shipping from foreign competition. It also applies to the U.S. cruise ship industry. The PVSA requires foreign cruise ships that carry passengers between U.S. ports to also stop at foreign ports. Norwegian Cruise Line America (NCLA), which operates one U.S. flagged cruise ship in Hawaii, wants the U.S. Customs and Border Protection to require foreign cruise ships offering Hawaii itineraries from the U.S. west coast to spend more time in foreign ports. We analyze the merits of NCLA's proposal. We argue that rather than making the PVSA even more protectionist, the law should be repealed.     

基于小波的SPIHT雷达图像压缩算法

雷达在现代航海导航中占据着很重要的地位,在综合船桥系统和船舶交通管理系统里,雷达图像需要通过网络传送给其他导航系统如ECDIS或远程图像监视系统。由于雷达图像数据量非常大,为了保证图像的实时性,通过网络传输雷达图像时,先要对雷达图像进行压缩。雷达天线的扫描速度大约为20 RPM,所以一幅雷达图像的数据压缩、数据传输和数据重建必须在3 s内完成,这对雷达图像的压缩和重建提出了很高的要求。论文采用基于小波变换的SPIHT算法对雷达图像进行压缩.在追求高压缩比率情况下,保证了较低的均方误差和较高的信噪比,最后用C 实现了算法并给出了实验对比数据。     

华光轮避离“利奇马”和“罗莎”台风的气象保障

2007年10月1日~10月8日华光轮在八所港到南通航行中先后避离"利奇马"和"罗莎"台风,现回顾和总结了这次避台的气象保障工作,并对中国沿海船舶防台的气象保障工作进行了探讨。     

多用途船船型及设计简介

文章介绍了多用途船船型的特点及设计的主要考虑因素。     

桁拖渔船LNG动力改装的可行性研究

LNG燃料以其环保性能好、价格低和安全性较强等优点被认为是未来理想的发动机燃料。渔船燃油柴油机能耗和污染排放高,已成为近海环境污染的主要原因之一。为了促进节能减排,对现有渔船进行LNG燃料改造成为了一大出路。文章以38 m桁拖渔船为例,分析桁拖渔船LNG动力改装的技术方案及其经济性,研究其改装的可行性,同时阐述渔船进行LNG动力改装存在的主要问题及对策。     

抬船浮箱载船下水总纵强度计算分析

论述了抬船浮箱载船下水方式,采用结构有限元分析方法对抬船浮箱载船起浮驳运下水过程中的总纵强度进行了计算及浮态计算。通过计算分析,提出了具有使用价值的建议,为确保22000m3液化气船在不同搭载状态下抬船浮箱载船下水的安全提供了技术支撑。     

美国船舶自动互救系统AMVER

对美国船舶自动互救系统AMVER做了较为详细地介绍,对报告电文形式、报告电文要求等给出了标准格式和实例,可供远洋船舶参考,积极参加船舶报告制度,确保航行安全。     

建立适合我国国情的现代海上交通管理模式

“海上交通管理”发展到如今,应当致力于以一种宏观与战略的角度研究问题。运用系统方法论提出了“海上交通管理模式”的概念,并针对我国当前海上交通管理中所存在的问题,以一种崭新的思维方式探讨相关问题的解决方法。