高频感应热源应用于水火弯板工艺的可行性研究(英文)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of high-frequency induction heat for the line heating process through a series of experimental studies and numerical calculations. The results show that the heating temperature of induction heating meets the demands of steel plate bending, and the deformation of a steel plate heated by induction heating can achieve the same effect as flame heating. Meanwhile, the finite element model of moving induction heating of the plate is developed, and the comparison of the residual strain fields and transverse shrinkage between these two kinds of heating shows that great similarity has been achieved.     

潜艇上方近场水下辐射噪声双峰特性的实验研究(英文)

The double-peak characteristic of underwater radiated noise in the near field on top of the target submarine was analyzed in depth on the basis of submarine test data on the sea. The contribution of three major noise sources to the radiated noise of a submarine were compared and analyzed, and emphasis was put on the original source, production mechanism, and their correlative characteristics. On the basis of analysis on underwater tracking and pass through characteristics of the target submarine, the double-peak phenomenon was reasonably interpreted. Furthermore, the correctness of the theoretical interpretation was verified adequately in real submarine tests. The double-peak phenomenon indicates that the space distributing character on submarine radiated noise are both asymmetrical with time and space, whereas that is provided with directivity. Studying the double-peak phenomenon in depth has important reference value and meaning in engineering practice for understanding the underwater radiated noise field of submarines.     

Design of convex hull plate forming by pure line heating

This paper presents a ship-hull plate forming way by pure line heating. The heating lines forming the required bending angle is determined by curvature analysis method. Heating along the calculated heating lines results in bland plate with initial transverse curvature. Then, the plate with desired convex shape can be obtained by heating in the longitudinal edge. This is the whole forming process by pure line heating. This paper presents a method of plane development for ship-hull plate with B-spline surface representation, and provides the shrinkage heating lines in the forming process. This forming way would facilitate temperature control and make plate forming automatically easy.     

The motion analysis of fire video images based on moment features and flicker frequency

In this paper, motion analysis methods based on the moment features and flicker frequency features for early fire flame from ordinary CCD video camera were proposed, and in order to describe the changing of flame and disturbance of non-flame phenomena further more, the average changing pixel number of the first-order moments of consecutive flames has been defined in the moment analysis as well. The first-order moments of all kinds of flames used in our experiments present irregularly flickering, and their average changing pixel numbers of first-order moments are greater than fire-like disturbances. For the analysis of flicker frequency of flame, which is extracted and calculated in spatial domain, and therefore it is computational simple and fast. The method of extracting flicker frequency from video images is not affected by the catalogues of combustion material and distance. In experiments, we adopted two kinds of flames, i.e. , fixed flame and movable flame. Many comparing and disturbing experiments were done and verified that the methods can be used as criteria for early fire detection.     

温度、盐度和流体类型对圆柱周围湍流声学特性的影响研究（英文）

The effects of the temperature,salinity,and fluid type on the acoustic characteristics of turbulent flow around a circular cylinder were numerically investigated for the Reynolds numbers of 2.25 × 10~4,4.5 × 10~4,and 9.0 × 10~4.Various hybrid methodsReynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(BANS) with the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings(FWH) model,detached-eddy simulation(DES) with FWH,and large-eddy simulation with FWH-were used for the acoustic analyses,and their performances were evaluated by comparing the predicted results with the experimental data.The DES-FWH hybrid method was found to be suitable for the aero-and hydro-acoustic analysis.The hydro-acoustic measurements were performed in a silent circulation channel for the Reynolds number of 2.25 × 10~4.The results showed that the fluid temperature caused an increase in the overall sound pressure levels(OASPLs) and the maximum sound pressure levels(SPL T) for the air medium;however,it caused a decrease for the water medium.The salinity had smaller effects on the OASPL and SPLT compared to the temperature.Moreover,the main peak frequency increased with the air temperature but decreased with the water temperature,and it was nearly constant with the change in the salinity ratio.The SPLT and OASPL for the water medium were quite higher than those for the air medium.     

Research on numerical welding experiment of a thick spherical shell structure

In this paper, in order to predict the residual deformation of thick spherical structure, a welding program is compiled in APDL language based on Ansys and a numerical welding experiment of a welding example is carried out. The temperature field of welding was simulated firstly, then a thermal-structure coupling analysis was carried out, and at last the residual stress and deformation after welding were got. After that, the numerical experiment result was compared with physical experiment one. The comparative analysis shows that the numerical simulation fits well with physical experiment. On the basis of that, a three-dimensional numerical experiment of a thick spherical shell structure was carried out to get the changing rule of stress and deformation of a thick spherical shell structure during welding. The research is of great value to the prediction of residual deformation and high precision machining.     

A dual measurement method of strain and temperature

With the rapid development of China's foreign trade, the coastal and inland waterway transport has been increased rapidly. The potential market for marine engines is more and more obvious. The measurement of the engine temperature and strain becomes very important. The fluorescence fiber sensors are broadly used to measure temperature, concentration, and pH value, etc. The fluorescence sensing systems are based on different principles, namely fluorescence intensity, fluorescence intensity ratio, and fluorescence lifetime. The fluorescence lifetime is an effective parameter for sensing purpose, because it is independent of the intensity of the pumping source and does not need expensive narrow-band filters. An experiment system has been established, in which some samples were produced to measure the fluorescence lifetime and temperature characteristics and the relationship of the strain and temperature versus the fluorescence lifetime was achieved at the same time. The experiment result was fitted and analyzed. The test results show that the fluorescence lifetime decreases with the increasing of temperature. The change of fluorescence lifetime with the strain is inconspicuous comparing to that with the temperature.     

Numerical analysis of the high skew propeller of an underwater vehicle

A numerical analysis based on the boundary element method (BEM) was presented for the hydrodynamic performance of a high skew propeller (HSP) which is employed by an underwater vehicle (UV). Since UVs operate at two different working conditions (surface and submerged conditions), the design of such a propeller is a cumbersome task. This is primarily due to the fact that the resistance forces as well as the vessel efficiency under these conditions are significantly different. Therefore, some factors are necessary for the design of the optimum propeller to utilize the power at the mentioned conditions. The design objectives of the optimum propeller are to obtain the highest possible thrust, minimum torque, and efficiency. In the current study, a 5-bladed HSP was chosen for running the UV. This propeller operated at the stern of the UV hull where the inflow velocity to the propeller was non-uniform. Some parameters of the propeller were predicted based on the UV geometrical hull and operating conditions. The computed results include the pressure distribution and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the HSP in open water conditions, and comparison of these results with those of the experimental data indicates good agreement. The propeller efficiency for both submerged and surface conditions was found to be 67% and 64%, respectively, which compared to conventional propellers is a significantly higher efficiency.     

系泊系统非线性恢复力研究及其应用(英文)

Mooring system plays an important role in station keeping of floating offshore structures.Coupled analysis on mooring-buoy interactions has been increasingly studied in recent years.At present,chains and wire ropes are widely used in offshore engineering practice.On the basis of mooring line statics,an explicit formulation of single mooring chain/wire rope stiffness coefficients and mooring stiffness matrix of the mooring system were derived in this article,taking into account the horizontal restoring force,vertical restoring force and their coupling terms.The nonlinearity of mooring stiffness was analyzed,and the influences of various parameters,such as material,displacement,pre-tension and water depth,were investigated.Finally some application cases of the mooring stiffness in hydrodynamic calculation were presented.Data shows that this kind of stiffness can reckon in linear and nonlinear forces of mooring system.Also,the stiffness can be used in hydrodynamic analysis to get the eigenfrequency of slow drift motions.     

水火弯板成形因素对钢板表面温度和变形的影响

水火弯板工艺中,热源面输入是影响钢板温度场和变形场的重要因素。本文提出了综合考虑乙炔流量、加热速度、热源半径、热源效率和加热长度的两个表征热源面输入新变量,并利用数值模拟方法揭示了新变量对钢板表面温度、加热深度和残余变形的影响,大量仿真结果证明这两个新变量可以更好的反映这些参数所发挥的综合作用。     

水火弯板成形因素对横向收缩量的影响

水火弯板自动化的研究需要定量化地确定横向收缩量.本文采用实验和有限元分析相互结合的方法来研究线加热过程中的横向收缩量.首先,利用水火弯板实验的结果标定有限元分析中呈高斯分布的热源模型参数,而后利用数值模拟的方法探讨水火弯板成形因素对横向收缩量的影响.这些因素包括自然对流换热系数、有无水冷、热源速度、加热焰道长度、燃气流量和横向曲率半径.研究结果表明:自然对流换热系数和横向曲率半径对横向收缩的影响很小;跟踪水冷可以形成有效的收缩;不同燃气流量的热输入有不同的横向收缩变形.本文提出了综合考虑火焰速度、火焰有效功率、火焰作用半径和钢板厚度的热源体能量模型,该模型可以更好地反映这些热输入影响参数所引起的综合作用.     

Influence of the welding sequence on residual stress and distortion of fillet welded structures

T-joints are one of the most common welded joints used in the construction of offshore structures, including ships and platforms. In the present study, a sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model that considers temperature-dependent material properties, high temperature effects and a moving volumetric heat source was used to investigate the effect of welding sequence on the residual stresses and distortions in T-joint welds. The parameters of Goldak's double ellipsoidal heat source model were predicted using a neural network. The numerical models were successfully validated by the experimental tests. The results show that the welding sequences have significant effects on the residual stresses and distortions, both in the magnitude and distribution mode. The optimization of the welding sequences should be investigated numerically or experimentally before the construction welded structure.     

钢板感应加热机理及电磁-热耦合场的数值模拟

在船体外板水火成形工艺的实际加工和机械自动化加工试验中,研究发现使用氧-乙炔火焰热源存在很多难以解决的问题和局限,为此本文提出了采用电磁感应加热取代氧-乙炔火焰加热,阐述了感应加热的原理和过程,并利用ANSYS有限元软件对感应加热中的电磁-热耦合场进行了数值模拟,对计算结果进行了相应分析.     

水火弯板工艺参数和角变形关系的有限元分析

对于完全采用水火弯板成形船体板的情况,根据要加工形成的角变形量给出合适的工艺参数是水火弯板成形系统必须解决的问题.为了确定工艺参数,必须探索加热条件和角变形之间的关系.为此,文章提出了利用小板的变形来研究大板变形情况的相似性规律,并且用体功率模型来综合地考虑火焰速度、火焰有效功率、火焰作用半径和钢板厚度对角变形所引起的综合作用.基于这些分析方法,利用三维有限元法分析热源气体流量和热源速度对于不同厚度钢板的成形关系.     

水火弯板变形的描述方法

在分析了角变形、线变形描述法和位移场描述法的基础上，提出了水火弯板变形的整体描述法。实验及有限元计算表明，水火弯板的变形非常复杂，一般所用的角变形线变形描述过于简单，不能精确描述水火弯板的变形场。用位移场描述水火弯板的变形又因计算结果的复杂性而难以实现。如果从整体变形角度考虑，水火弯板的变形可以用变形后的上下表面形状、平面内的扭曲变形、沿板宽变化的横向收缩及沿板长变化的纵向收缩全面描述，并可进一步由计算结果得出合适的曲面方程及收缩变形函数。     

水火弯板残余变形预报的数值和量纲分析(英文)

Line heating process is a very complex phenomenon as a variety of factors affects the amount of residual deformations. Numerical thermal and mechanical analysis of line heating for prediction of residual deformation is time consuming. In the present work dimensional analysis has been presented to obtain a new relationship between input parameters and resulting residual deformations during line heating process. The temperature distribution and residual deformations for 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm thick steel plates were numerically estimated and compared with experimental and published results. Extensive data generated through a validated FE model were used to find co-relationship between the input parameters and the resulting residual deformation by multiple regression analysis. The results obtained from the deformation equations developed in this work compared well with those of the FE analysis with a drop in the computation time in the order of 100 (computational time required for FE analysis is around 7 200 second to 9 000 seconds and where the time required for getting the residual deformation by developed equations is only 60 to 90 seconds).     

对接焊残余应力的有限元分析

针对应用有限元方法进行焊接残余应力数值预报时模拟普遍存在的三维模拟过程复杂、计算时间冗长、计算费用较高的问题,通过引入焊接热循环过程的加热和冷却时间比,提出了以线热源代替点热源的简化数值预报方法,使三维问题简化为二维问题进行数值模拟,大大节省了计算时间.数值计算结果表明:文中提出的焊接残余应力的数值预报方法能满足焊接力学分析的精度要求,节省了大量的计算时间,可以应用于工程实际.     

钢板弯曲工艺中的高频感应加热过程数值分析

作为电磁感应热源应用于船体板水火弯板工艺的一项基础研究,首先阐述了钢板感应加热的磁热耦合理论,然后利用ANSYS软件代码开发了钢板感应加热的有限元模型.数值计算结果和实验结果相一致,并得出了钢板感应加热过程中的电磁场分布规律和和温度随时间的变化规律,计算结果符合感应加热的特征.