大型深吃水船舶进出鲅鱼圈港区安全对策

<正>一、鲅鱼圈港区通航环境鲅鱼圈港区航道长8.5km,单向航道,设计底宽为110m,底标高为-8.7m,口门宽度324m,有效宽度210m。鲅鱼圈港区水域,自港池至检疫锚地之间的水域,由下列6点之间的连线构成:40°18'55"N121°59'30"E;40°23'10"N121°59'30"E;40°23'10"N121°50'18"E;40°16'13"N121°50'18"E;40°16'13"N122°06'38"E;40°18'55"N122°05'42"E。     

船舶二维测距定位中的GDOP分析

为了明确测距定位系统中锚点位置分布对未知点定位精度的影响情况,通过理论分析和模拟试验的方法对二维测距定位系统的几何精度因子(geometric dilution of precision,GDOP)进行分析,给出GDOP的计算方法和与GDOP值相关联的直观物理意义。分析认为,在二维测距定位系统中,当锚点的数量N一定时,GDOP仅与从未知点到锚点的单位向量有关,且GDOP值的平方与未知点到锚点的单位向量所构成的所有三角形面积的平方和成反比。在设计定位系统时,GDOP的值越小,系统的定位精度越高。     

"飞云岭"轮沉没事故调查

2002年11月10日0745时,中远集团大连远洋运输公司所属"飞云岭"轮从巴布亚新几内亚的金贝港到张家港的途中,在日本硫球群岛东南沉没(沉船概位23°38'7N,127°51'.1E),船上28名船员在该公司守候救助船"南关岭"的救助下全部获救(1名船员受伤).     

“HELIOS 3”轮自沉事故搜救行动的后评估

<正>2008年9月29日1415时,受2008年15号台风"蔷薇"影响,巴拿马籍货船"HELIOS3"轮载运木材驶往乍浦港途中,在温州南麂外海海域(27°16'58"N,121°4'33"E)第二舱进水后沉没,船上15名外国籍船员全部落水。     

海事测绘与珠江口通航水域整治

珠江口水域现状 珠江口水域是指21°48φ002N以北,113°07φ002E以东,114°20φ002E以西和黄埔水道113°25φ362E以东,铁桩水道113°28φ002E以东的水域范围,外接南海,内连珠江水网,是华南水路运输枢纽.     

传感器融合最优几何配置

论文推导了基于误差几何稀释度的传感器-目标相对几何测量矩阵(MOM)。为了解决平台布站问题引入了最大似然估计。建立误差精度分析线性测量模型推导GDOP MOM。传感器-目标几何关系函数GDOP MOM将传感器测量误差和目标位置误差关联。为了验证GDOP MOM对融合系统的影响,计算了纯方位测量传感器-目标几何配置的GDOP函数关系并计算最小GDOP和相关的特定目标-传感器集合关系。GDOP MOM是通用的,可进一步应用于其他传感器系统和融合算法。     

新增三岛礁,南海海况预报进入2.0时代

正"美济礁浪高0.5-1.0米,水温28-29°C;永暑礁浪高0.6-1.0米,水温28-29°C;渚碧礁浪高0.5-1.0米,水温28-29°C;未来展望:今天白天到明天白天,南海大部海域以轻到中浪为主;展望未来,25日后期起受较强冷空气影响,南海自北向南风浪将再次加大,请注意安全……"2017年3月23日上午11点,国家海洋局南海预报中心和南海航海保障中心广州海岸电台在广州举办了南海岛礁     

基于Argo数据的海洋声场特征分析及其对作战的影响

基于Argo资料,利用一种新的海洋声场季节特征分析方法,对127°E-130°E、20°N-22°N区域内声速一年的时间变化特征进行了定性的分析,按其相似性特点进行归类,分析它们形成的原因.利用MATLAB软件对其声场传播进行了仿真,并讨论各种结构对作战的影响.通过分析可知,Argo数据能够提供中小尺度海洋声场的时间变化特征,主要结果如下:1)此海区声速垂直分布类型的时间变化与上层混合强度、太阳辐射有关;2)声速垂直分布的时间变化趋势可分为6个阶段.     

江苏常熟“NEW LUCKY Ⅲ”轮与“苏梅盛0826”轮碰撞事故调查

<正>一、事故概要2 0 11年7月8日0 7 15时,中国香港籍"N E W LUCKYⅢ"轮自江苏常熟载运钢材5 928.79吨开往台湾高雄,在驶离常熟兴华码头#8泊位,穿越下行船舶推荐航路进入主航道过程中,于苏桥#6通航浮下游约200米下行推荐航路外边缘(概位:31°46'.5N/120°57'.6E)与泰州市振陵运输有限公司所属"苏梅盛0826"轮(本航次由南京载卷钢747.61吨下行驶往上海)发生碰撞,导致"苏梅盛0826"轮当即沉没,船上3人全部落水,1人死亡,2人失踪。二、不安全行为(一)"NEW LUCKYⅢ"轮瞭望疏忽     

珠江泥洲浮筒系浮装载黄沙操作

<正>0引言在珠江海心沙岛东面编号为No.73NZ的小型过驳作业船候泊区右侧有一对南北向的浮筒(见图1,海图图号为84234),这就是就是泥洲浮筒(具体位置为北浮(22°52'.48N,113°33'.77E),南浮(22°52'.15N,113°33'.77E))。2个浮筒图距300 m,但由于流水、底质等原因,实际间距约250 m,其图示水深约15 m。     

Regional Cooperation in the Post-South China Sea Arbitration Era: Potential Mechanism and Cooperative Areas

Although the South China arbitration has been settled recently, the final settlement of the South China Sea disputes remains in a political stalemate, at least for the near future. This article proposes a regional mechanism that could form the basis for further cooperation in the South China Sea. This mechanism is informed by political theory, facts on the grounds, and lessons learned from cooperative practices in other regions. As a way to work toward a resolution to the South China Sea's sovereignty disputes, and to improve on current cooperative practices, the objective of this mechanism is to involve all parties in the region and thus cover the entire South China Sea, including the disputed areas. Based on incentives for claimants, the level of political sensitivity, the advantage of involving all claimants and disputed areas, and past practices that have facilitated Taiwan's participation, it is the conclusion of this analysis that the conservation and management of marine living resources is the most promising area of cooperation. In addition, the practice in Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission is recommended as an appropriate model to be applied mutatis mutandis in the South China Sea.     

A new method for absolute datum transfer in seafloor control network measurement

To decrease the time consumption and the labor intensity in the absolute datum transfer of traditional seafloor control network measurement, a new method, namely sailing-circle positioning method, is put forward in this paper. First, the traditional intersection positioning model is improved by considering the equivalent sound velocity profile error as an unknown parameter in the adjustment model. Second, the effect of geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) on positioning accuracy is analyzed. By seeking for the minimum of GDOP, it is concluded that the absolute datum transfer can achieve the highest accuracy in the condition of sailing along a circle relative to other sailing paths. Moreover, the optimal radius of the circle for the accurate datum transfer is also given out. Besides, the correlation between the accuracy of datum transfer and the sound velocity error in this method is analyzed. Finally, the new method was tested and verified by the experiments in Songhua lake with the water depth of 60 m and in South China sea with the water depth of 2000 m, respectively. These experiment results show that the new method can improve the accuracy and efficiency of traditional datum transfer method significantly.     

半潜式平台结构疲劳特征研究

本文研究2种典型结构形式半潜平台在不同海域结构应力长期分布特征。对比中国南海典型波浪散布与墨西哥湾典型波浪散布特征,计算两海域平台结构应力响应,得到平台结构应力范围长期Weibull分布形状参数。中国南海典型环境条件对于双下浮体式半潜平台结构波浪应力长期Weibull分布形状参数不大于1,对于环形浮箱半潜平台结构波浪应力长期Weibull分布形状参数不大于1.05,为针对中国南海应用简化疲劳分析方法分析半潜式平台结构疲劳寿命提供依据。同时,计算得到两类典型半潜式平台在墨西哥湾典型环境条件下结构波浪应力长期Weibull分布形状参数值不大于0.8的结论,证实对于半潜式平台的疲劳设计,南海疲劳海况较墨西哥湾海况更恶劣。     

水深对FPSB多点系泊系统特性的影响研究

针对某服役于南海海域的大型"浮式处理与补给基地"(FPSB),采用准动态方法对其辐射状系泊系统展开多方面研究。采用三维势流理论计算了FPSB的水动力性能,获得系泊定位分析所需的附加质量、势流阻尼、船体慢漂载荷以及船体运动RAO。分析水深对FPSB多点系泊系统定位能力的影响,研究不同水深条件下,船体的偏移和系泊缆张力的特性。计算表明,水深对系泊系统的几何特征、定位性能均产生一定影响;此外,当水深变化引起系泊系统的定位能力减弱而无法达到规范要求时,还给出相关的解决措施,为实际工程操作提供有价值的参考。     

新型多筒式FDPSO概念设计及其系泊系统分析

为研究新型多筒式浮式钻井生产储卸油轮（FDPSO）的系泊系统及其动力响应特性,评估其系泊系统的疲劳性能,针对新型FDPSO的总体布置,以中国南海1 000 m水深为背景,设计新型储油装置的系泊系统,研究系泊点和导缆孔、系泊缆布置及系缆的结构形式。考虑腐蚀和南海风浪条件,计算系泊系统的动态响应,校核系泊系统的强度,计算系泊状态FDPSO的运动响应和系缆张力。考虑南海西沙波浪分布,采用S-N曲线以及Miner线性累计损伤理论,并采用雨流计数方法,对系泊系统进行疲劳分析。结果表明,设计的多筒式FDPSO的系泊系统能够满足作业定位的要求,可以抵御百年一遇的风浪作用,疲劳寿命大于设计寿命的3倍。     

多功能深水环保船建造检验要点综述

作为海上环境保护的专用船舶,深水环保船具有海面溢油回收、应急指挥、油污消除及对外消防等作业能力,主要用于我国深水海域石油勘探开采过程中测试井液/污油水的接收与返送。文章针对深水环保船新型设计,着重介绍船舶性能、动力定位、溢油回收等三大特点。此船舶是国内现有航速最快、主尺度最大、功能最先进、装备最齐全、载运能力最大及回收能力最强的多功能专用船舶,即将服役于东海与南海深水海域。     

Who Owns Underwater Cultural Heritage in the South China Sea

The South China Sea has attained global attention because of terraria disputes over oil, gas, fisheries and other resources in the sea area. Compared with the valuable natural resources, the underwater cultural heritage is not recognized or considered, but is an important legacy of many losses of vessels over centuries. Recently, the surrounding states in the South China Sea have taken measures to preserve underwater cultural heritage in their sea waters. However, the current complicated situation of the South China Sea intensifies the difficulties of protection of underwater cultural heritagein that area. There is an important and interesting potential issue of identification of ownership of underwater cultural heritage because of differences of legislation and claims to jurisdiction. Under the current information of legislation of some states in the South China Sea, it can be understood this issue cannot be avoid on the protection of underwater cultural heritage. This article discusses potential disputes over ownership of underwater cultural heritage in the South China Sea based on the different legislation of several states (China, Vietnam and Philippines) and proposes some possible suggestions for resolving the issue of ownership, rather than performing a primary research.     

Analysis and Potential Alternatives for the Disputed South China Sea from Ocean Governance in the Polar Regions

Sovereignty claims over insular features and maritime jurisdiction in the South China Sea have been disputed for decades, and a governance regime to address ocean-related issues is urgently needed. This article first introduces the notion of a regime, and examines details of cooperation mechanisms in the Polar Regions. Lessons that can be applied to the South China Sea include that both soft and hard law regimes work to bring States concerned together to cooperate on the “commons” issues even when military conflicts or sovereignty disputes still exist. Consensus among bordering States would be necessary to make the South China Sea a “zone of peace.” Mechanisms that accommodate the various sovereignty claims and freeze existing and new claims to, as well as to prohibit military activities in, the South China Sea are recommended. Lastly, if a cooperative mechanism were to be established in the future, the Arctic regime would be more applicable to the South China Sea than the Antarctic regime due to their geographic nature. Thus, only States bordering the South China Sea should have voting and decision-making rights in the cooperative mechanism. As always, the political will of all parties is paramount to the success of such an endeavor.     

南海岛礁极浅水下半潜平台锚泊系统数值模拟探究

锚泊定位系统是海洋工程装备的关键技术之一,因其具有较高的安全性、较强的定位能力、相对较低的经济成本等优点,因使用范围相当广泛,是海洋开发过程中必不可少的一项技术。本文针对南海岛礁复杂地形,设计一套适应极浅水下平台定位的锚泊系统,并计算分析其定位能力。考虑到复杂的地形,锚链采用非对称式布置,同时,为增加锚链与海底摩擦力,提高平台在偏离平衡位置后的回复力,在锚链上分散布置了许多重块。通过分析时域模拟的结果,验证该锚泊系统的可行性,为模型试验和极浅水环境下平台系泊系统的设计提供参考。     

两舰协同定位误差分析的研究

多平台侦察信息协同定位具有一定的超视距作用,测向交叉定位技术是协同定位使用较广泛的方法。根据两舰在不同基线、不同测向精度对海、空目标探测的误差几何稀释度GDOP(Geometric Dilution of Precision)分布图的仿真进行协同定位误差分析的研究,从而确定定位精度,进行协同定位。