Simulation of a powertrain system for the diesel hybrid electric bus

The plug-in hybrid electric bus (HEB) is designed to overcome the vulnerable driving range and performance limitations of a purely electric vehicle (EV) and have an improved fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions than those of a conventional bus and convention HEBs. The control strategy of the plug-in parallel HEB??s complicated connected propulsion system is one of the most significant factors for achieving a higher fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions than those of the HEV. The proposed powertrain control strategy has flexibility in adapting to the battery??s state of charge (SOC), exhaust emissions, classified driving patterns, driving conditions, and engine temperature. Simulation is required to model hybrid powertrain systems and test and develop powertrain control strategies for the plug-in parallel HEB. This paper describes the simulation analysis tools, powertrain components?? models and modifications, simulation procedure, and simulation results.     

Economic value and utility of a powertrain system for a plug-in parallel diesel hybrid electric bus

This research is the first to develop a design for a powertain system of a plug-in parallel diesel hybrid electric bus equipped with a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and presents a new design paradigm of the plug-in hybrid electric bus (HEB). The criteria and method for selecting and sizing powertrain components equipped in the plug-in HEB are presented. The plug-in HEB is designed to overcome the vulnerable limitations of driving range and performance of a purely electric vehicle (EV) and to improve fuel economy and exhaust emissions of conventional bus and conventional HEBs. The control strategy of the complicated connected propulsion system in the plug-in parallel HEB is one of the most significant factors in achieving higher fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions of the HEV. In this research, a new optimal control strategy concept is proposed against existing rule-based control strategies. The optimal powertrain control strategy is obtained through two steps of optimizations: tradeoff optimization for emission control and energy flow optimization based on the instantaneous optimization technique. The proposed powertrain control strategy has the flexibility to adapt to battery SOC, exhaust emission amount, classified driving pattern, driving condition, and engine temperature. The objective of the optimal control strategy is to optimize the fuel consumption, electricity use, and exhaust emissions proper to the performance targets. The proposed control strategy was simulated to prove its validity by using analysis simulation tool ADVISOR (advanced vehicle simulator).     

Powertrain design and experiment research of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle

The powertrain of an ultra-capacitor-based parallel hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) was developed. Innovations, such as the engine management system, floating ISG (Integrated Starter and Generator), electronic-controlled double-clutch system and dual-driven air conditioning system were realized. Hybrid control strategies to improve the fuel economy and reduce emissions were analyzed briefly. In order to ensure the vehicle emission performance, the engine management system calibration was performed. The vehicle emission test was also conducted, showing that the vehicle emission satisfied the EURO III standard and has great potential for improvement. The hybrid start test was introduced in detail. We realized the hybrid function and start parameter optimization of the engine and ISG.     

Application study on a control strategy for a hybrid electric public bus

This paper first describes the control strategy used in a hybrid electric public bus and then proposes a torque-balancing control strategy. Simulations were performed using the designed control strategies, and the results were analyzed under different conditions. The torque-balancing control strategy was improved on the basis of the efficiency-first ideas of the hybrid system. Finally, experiments were performed to verify that the efficiency-first and torque-balancing control strategy (EFCS) is both feasible and reliable. The simulation results showed that, compared with a conventional public bus, the hybrid electric bus could save approximately 27.3 percent on fuel consumption using the EFCS control strategy in a public bus in China, while under the Wuhan urban driving cycle.     

新型改装油电混合动力城市客车

1低成本油电双动力公交车项目背景 在全球环保形势日趋严峻、燃油价格不断创新高的当今世界,为了解决好燃油车低成本节能减排和用可再生低价的电能取代燃油的问题,国内外的许多汽车制造厂、公交公司都在奋力探索。由于纯电动公交车价昂贵,而且其电池有待改进、机动性较差,所以,混合动力公交车已成为近年汽车界的一个热点项目。     

Parametric optimization of EQ6110HEV hybrid electric bus based on orthogonal experiment design

Parametric optimization is an important step for any mechanical system design, including the development and design of a hybrid electric bus. To obtain an optimized parameter grouping of the EQ6110HEV hybrid electric bus for best fuel economy, an orthogonal experiment design method is applied to the parameter optimization process of the EQ6110HEV hybrid prolusion system. This paper proposes two orthogonal experiment methods; the basically orthogonal experiment method and the synthetically orthogonal experiment method. By this means, the development time and the testing costs are reduced, and the impact of factors and their optimal levels are obtained by a range analysis of the experiment results. The results show that the fuel economy of the optimized parameter grouping is improved by 4.1 percent for the four-stage urban driving cycle in China and by 8.7 percent for the Wuhan urban driving cycle of public buses in China, in comparison with that of the parameter grouping of the current configuration.     

Novel evaluation method of fuel consumption and emission for heavy-duty hybrid electric vehicles

This paper is a continuation of a previous paper titled “A novel way to calculate energy efficiency for rechargeable batteries” published on Journal of Power Sources/2012 describing a new method to calculate energy efficiency for rechargeable batteries. The present paper further describes the application of energy efficiency model on the evaluation of fuel consumption and emission for the heavy-duty hybrid electric vehicles (HD-HEVs). A more accurate calculation method of net energy change for power battery pack is proposed based on energy efficiency model of power battery pack. A more simplified and accurate correction method of fuel consumption and emission is also presented based on equivalent mileage. The fuel consumption and emission on chassis dynamometer are measured in the HD-HEVs. The experiment results show that relative errors of fuel consumption and emission between equivalent mileage correction results and linear regression correction results are less than 3%, which verifies accuracy and validates the proposed evaluation method for HD-HEVs fuel consumption and emission.     

金旅混合动力公交车沪上受肯定

厦门金旅是一家以公路客车为主的企业，但近年来，金旅适时调整产品策略，在兼顾旅游和客运市场的基础上，逐步丰富公交产品，其公交客车现已能够满足大中小城市不同的需求。目前，金旅在济南、上海、大连、连云港等地的公交市场有不小斩获。     

Integrated modeling and optimization of a parallel hydraulic hybrid bus

Hydraulic hybrid powertrains are a critical technology used in buses to improve fuel economy and emission performance. New exploration in configuring a parallel hydraulic hybrid bus (PHHB) is developed in this paper with no changes made to the conventional base bus driveline. An integrated model and simulation of the parallel hydraulic hybrid bus is built based on AMESim, which is used to model the hydraulic powertrain and conventional bus driveline, and interlinked with a Matlab/Simulink/Stateflow model of the control unit. Compared to conventional buses, the fuel economy of the PHHB improved by 28% in real road tests at the SMVIC (National Center of Supervision and Inspection on Motor Products Quality (Shanghai)); the approximate improvement of fuel economy was 30% in simulated runs, which validates our model. Then a Non-linear Programming by Quadratic Lagrangian algorithm (NLPQL), is applied to optimize control strategies for improving fuel economy and emissions. Simulations also demonstrate that fuel economy and emission performance can be significantly improved. However, optimum parameters for maximum fuel economy and minimum emissions are not consistent. Simulation results show tradeoffs between fuel economy and emissions in PHHB, and optimal parameters can be selected by balancing design objectives.     

串联混合动力客车参数选择及仿真

以某客车为原型,结合我国城市交通和公交车辆的行驶特点,在对比分析各种混合动力系统的基础上确定了混合动力公交客车的串联混合动力驱动形式,介绍了串联混合动力汽车总成参数的计算方法,最后根据计算得到的参数使用ADVISOR软件进行了性能仿真。     

微型燃气轮发电机组在混合动力电动公交车中的应用

描述了使用微型燃气轮发电机组的串联型混合动力电动公交车的国内外研究现状及其工作原理,并对微型燃气轮发电机组、储能装置和制动回收系统等混合动力电动公交车的关键技术进行了简要分析。     

深圳五洲龙混合动力客车及营运介绍

1 公司概况 深圳市五洲龙汽车有限公司是一家注册在深圳的高新技术企业,第一期项目占地10万m2,已建成集底盘、焊装、涂装、总装及测试于一体的生产线,年大客车生产能力达5000辆以上.     

Modeling and control strategy development of a parallel hybrid electric bus

This paper presents the system modeling, control strategy design, and experiment validation of a parallel hybrid electric bus with an automatic manual transmission (AMT) and a dry clutch. The mathematical model representation and the system architecture of the powertrain are first described. Next, a complete control scheme including energy management strategy and coordinated control of the AMT and the clutch is presented. The controller and powertrain models are then integrated in a way that the power management and the hybrid driveline perform in real world. The analysis and validation through model simulation and comparison with experiment data are conducted. A good agreement between the model and experiment demonstrates the efficacy and credibility of the integrated model. The integrated model is employed in both simulation and bench-test assessments for the development of a hybrid control unit. The results indicate that the model-based design methodology is beneficial to systematically analyzing and understanding the dynamics of hybrid electric powertrain.     

混合动力电动城市客车应用研讨会在京召开

2007年3月21日,建设部主持召开了《混合动力电动城市客车》行业标准审查会,在审查组专家认真审查后,基本通过,由经编制组修改后可形成报批稿,使我们对混合动力电动城市客车的开发、设计、生产、试验有了可靠的依据.于是,建设部科技委城市车辆专家委与中国汽车工程学会电动车分会共同举办《混合动力电动城市客车应用研讨会》,是从技术上研讨混合动力电动城市客车的应用,以进一步推动我国混合动力电动城市客车的发展.     

Experimental research of the EQ6110HEV hybrid electric bus using an on-line debugging system

This paper describes the on-line debugging software developed by our research team. The software has five functions and can be helpful in achieving rapid development for hybrid electric buses. In addition, the software can monitor system states continuously and also modify parametric maps or update control programs using its on-line programming function. Based on the on-line debugging system, the hybrid propulsion control system is designed, and all the working modes of the hybrid electric bus are tested. Finally, experiments are carried out that verify that the debugging system is feasible and reliable. The test results show that the hybrid electric bus can reduce fuel consumption by about 19.1 percent, in comparison with conventional buses.     

并联混合动力公交车实际工况的试验与改进

本文提出了一种针对城市公交客车工作模式的并联式混合动力驱动系统的机电耦合方案,并以燃油经济性为主要目标,设计了该驱动系统的控制策略;基于ADVISOR2002建立了该驱动系统的仿真模型.通过仿真和试验发现问题,并提出解决方案.     

增程式电动公交电气系统设计

本文从低压电气、高压电气和CAN总线设计三方面对增程式电动公交电气系统设计做简要分析。     

Advanced hybrid energy storage system for mild hybrid electric vehicles

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) utilize electric power and a mechanical engine for propulsion; therefore, the performance of HEVs is directly influenced by the characteristics of the energy storage system (ESS). The ESS for an HEV generally requires high power performance, long cycle life, reliability and cost effectiveness; thus, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) that combines different types of storage devices has been considered to fulfill both performance and cost requirements. To improve the operating efficiency and cycle life of a HESS, an advanced dynamic control regime in which pertinent storage devices in the HESS can be selectively operated based on their status is presented. Verification tests were performed to confirm the degree of improvement in energy efficiency. In this paper, an advanced HESS with a battery management system (BMS) that includes an optimal switching control function based on the estimated state of charge (SOC) is presented and verified.     

电涡流缓速器对客车电系的影响及对策

客车配置电涡流缓速器,对客车电气系统的影响比较严重。本文对电涡流缓速器电气工况及客车电系所受影响作了介绍,并提出客车电气系统的相应设计理念和对策。