执行ISM规则影响和效力的评估动态

根据最近召开的IMO海安会（MSC）第81次会议信患，MSC复审了关于国际安全管理规则执行影响和效力评估的研究报告（the report of a study on the impact and effectiveness of the ISM Code），该研究报告由选自有关管理当局、组织、学术界和航运界的一组独立专家（a Group of Independent Experts）完成。依据所收集的资料，该专家组得出结论：凡是哪里通过一种安全文化（through a safety culture）把ISM规则作为积极步骤取向效能而利用，那么其切实的积极好处是显而易见的。     

IMO海安会讨论集装箱保安事宜

根据最近召开的IMO海安会（MSC）第81次会议信息，继2005年6月国际海关组织（WCO）通过了旨在保护和便利世界贸易的标准框架（the Framework of Standards）之后，海安会（MSC）讨论了封闭式货物运输组件和船舶运输货物集装箱的装运事宜（the carriage of closed cargo trailsport units and of freight containers transported by ships），并涉及了船／港界面工作组的事务（the matter to the Ship／Port Interface（SPI） Working Group），     

智利和丹麦成为首两个自愿的IMO成员国审核方案参与国

在2006年6月19--23日举行的IMO第96次理事会（the 96th session of the IMO Council）期间，随着智利和丹签署关于操作有关方案的首两个合作备忘录（the first two Memoranda of Cooperation），智利和丹麦已成为首两个其正式参与自愿的IMO成员国审核方案（the Voluntary IMO Member State Audit Scheme）的IMO成员国家，从而实施该方案已达到一个重大的里程碑。     

海安会第80次会议强化海事保安

在最近IMO海安会（MSC）第80次会议上，MSC审议了有关落实IMO通过的强化海事保安特别措施事宜，批准了对STCW公约关于签署船舶保安员熟练证书要求（Requirements for the issue of certificates of proficiency for ship security officers）的修正草案、STCW规则A部分关于签署船舶保安员熟练证书培训要求（Training requirements for the issue of certificates of proficiency for ship security officers）的修正草案和STCW规则B部分关于培训船舶保安员指南（Guidance regarding training for ship security officers）的修正草案。     

海环会第54次会议有关BCH规则动态

在2006年3月20～24日召开的IMO海环会（MEPC）第54次会议上，作为修正的MARPOL 73/78公约附则Ⅱ和修正的国际载运散装危险化学品船舶结构和设备规则（International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in BulkIBC Code）的结果，载运散装危险化学品船舶结构和设备规则（the Code for the Cortstruction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk—BCH Code）的修正案被通过，其预计于2007年1月1日生效。     

第三届航运业管理环境风险国际研讨会2006年11月底在英举行

第三届航运业管理环境风险国际研讨会（3rd Annual International Seminar for Managing Environmental Risk in the Maritime Industry）将于2006年11月29日～12月1日在英国伦敦的劳埃德海事学院（Lloyd’s Maritime Aeademy ）举行。该次会议将研讨：定义环境风险和如何能使之减少到最低限度（Define Environmental Risksand How They Can Be Minimised）；平衡风险管理的成本（Balancethe Costa of Risk Management）；分析法规和海洋环境责任（Analyse Legislation and Marine Environmental Responsibilities）；讨论风险和如何管理风险（Discuss the Risksand How They Are Managed）；阐述保险需求和保赔的作用（Define Insurance Needs and the Role of P＆I）；研究有效的港口策略和程序（Examine Effective Port Strategies and Proeedure）.     

IMO海环会第52次会议通过普通干货船运输植物油的指南

IMO海环会（MEPC）第52次会议通过了关于“普通干货船上用深舱或专门设计装载此类植物油的独立货舱运输植物油的指南”的决议（resolution on Guidelines for the transport of vegetable oils in deep tanks or in independent tanks specially designed for the carriage of such vegetable oils on board dry cargo     

防止倾倒废物公约1996年议定书概述

随着墨西哥作为第26个批准国干2006年2月22日递交其批准书，1972年防止倾倒废物及其他物质污染海洋公约（The Convention on the Prevention of Marine Poilution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972）的1996年议定书（the 1996 Protocol）将于2006年3月24日开始生效，这意味着国际保护海洋环境法制进程达到了一个重要里程碑。     

ISO标准如何支持2009世界环境日的目标

ISO standards include tools for advancing the specific goals of this year＇s World Environment Day （WED - 5 June） , the theme of which is combatting climate change. Overall, ISO＇s offering includes hundreds of environment-related standards that support the broader aims of World Environment Day, which is coordinated by the United Nations Environmental Programme （UNEP） , a partner in the development of many of these standards.     

Fully nonlinear simulation for fluid/structure impact: A review

This paper presents a review of the work on fluid/structure impact based on inviscid and imcompressible liquid and irrotational flow. The focus is on the velocity potential theory together with boundary element method （BEM）. Fully nonlinear boundary conditions are imposed on the unknown free surface and the wetted surface of the moving body. The review includes （1） vertical and oblique water entry of a body at constant or a prescribed varying speed, as well as free fall motion, （2） liquid droplets or column impact as well as wave impact on a body, （3） similarity solution of an expanding body. It covers two dimensional （2D）, axisymmetric and three dimensional （3D） cases. Key techniques used in the numerical simulation are outlined, including mesh generation on the multivalued free surface, the stretched coordinate system for expanding domain, the auxiliary function method for decoupling the mutual dependence of the pressure and the body motion, and treatment for the jet or the thin liquid film developed during impact.     

防止倾倒废物公约1996年议定书概述

随着墨西哥作为第26个批准国于2006年2月22日递交其批准书，1972年防止倾倒废物及其他物质污染海洋公约（The Convention on the Prevention of Marine Polution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972）的1996年议定书（the 1996 Protocol）将于2006年3月24日开始生效，这意味着国际保护海洋环境法制进程达到了一个重要里程碑。     

Application of A* algorithm for real-time path re-planning of an unmanned surface vehicle avoiding underwater obstacles

This paper describes path re-planning techniques andunderwater obstacle avoidance for unmanned surface vehicle （USV）based on multi-beam forward looking sonar （FLS）. Near-optimalpaths in static and dynamic environments with underwaterobstacles are computed using a numerical solution procedure basedon an A algorithm. The USV is modeled with a circular shape in 2degrees of freedom （surge and yaw）. In this paper, two-dimensional（2-D） underwater obstacle avoidance and the robust real-time pathre-planning technique for actual USV using multi-beam FLS aredeveloped. Our real-time path re-planning algorithm has beentested to regenerate the optimal path for several updated frames inthe field of view of the sonar with a proper update frequency of theFLS. The performance of the proposed method was verifiedthrough simulations, and sea experiments. For simulations, theUSV model can avoid both a single stationary obstacle, multiplestationary obstacles and moving obstacles with the near-optimaltrajectory that are performed both in the vehicle and the worldreference frame. For sea experiments, the proposed method for anunderwater obstacle avoidance system is implemented with a USVtest platform. The actual USV is automatically controlled andsucceeded in its real-time avoidance against the stationary underseaobstacle in the field of view of the FLS together with the GlobalPositioning System （GPS） of the USV.     

Research on integrated navigation method for AUV

The principles of the SINS/DVL integrated navigation system are introduced, and the compass status accuracy is compared. When the heading is changed, the dead reckoning algorithm using the heading information of the SINS （Strapdown inertial navigation systems） and DVL （doppler velocity log） is adopted to substitute the SINS/DVL integrated system. The simulation results show that the method can improve the accuracy of integrated navigation system when AUV （autonomous underwater vehicle） is in motion.     

An algorithm of the adaptive grid and fuzzy interacting multiple model

This paper studies the algorithm of the adaptive grid and fuzzy interacting multiple model （AGFIMM） for maneuvering target tracking, while focusing on the problems of the fixed structure multiple model （FSMM） algorithm＇s cost-efficiency ratio being not high and the Markov transition probability of the interacting multiple model （IMM） algorithm being difficult to determine exactly. This algorithm realizes the adaptive model set by adaptive grid adjustment, and obtains each model matching degree in the model set by fuzzy logic inference. The simulation results show that the AGFIMM algorithm can effectively improve the accuracy and cost-efficiency ratio of the multiple model algorithm, and as a result is suitable for enineering apolications.     

IMO法委会通过有关公正对待处理船员的准则

在最近召开的IMO法委会（LEG）第90次会议上，通过了关于发生海运意外事故时公正对待处理船员的准则（Guidelines on fair treatment of seafarers in the event of a maritime accident）。该准则由专门的IMO／ILO联合专家工作小组制定（Joint IMO／ILO Ad Hoc Expert Working Group），其还将被提交于2006年6月开会的ILO（国际劳工组织）管理机构通过。     

IMO召开海环会第54次会议

IMO海环会（MEPC）第54次会议于2006年3月20日--24日在伦敦总部召开。该次会议拟审议新建议的拆船再循环国际法规第一稿草案（the first draft of aproposed new international instrument on ship recycling）。会议其他议项还包括：压载水管理和防止船舶大气污染（ballast water management and air pollution from ships）。预计海环委还将通过一系列MARPOL公约的修正案（amendments to the MARPOL convention）。     

Formal safety assessment and application of the navigation simulators for preventing human error in ship operations

The International Maritime Organization （IMO） has encouraged its member countries to introduce Formal Safety Assessment （FSA） for ship operations since the end of the last century. FSA can be used through certain formal assessing steps to generate effective recommendations and cautions to control marine risks and improve the safety of ships. On the basis of the brief introduction of FSA, this paper describes the ideas of applying FSA to the prevention of human error in ship operations. It especially discusses the investigation and analysis of the information and data using navigation simulators and puts forward some suggestions for the introduction and development of the FSA research work for safer ship operations.     

The RHSA strategy for the allocation of outbound containers based on the hybrid genetic algorithm

Secure storage yard is one of the optimal core goals of container transportation;thus,making the necessary storage arrangements has become the most crucial part of the container terminal management systems（CTMS）.This paper investigates a random hybrid stacking algorithm（RHSA） for outbound containers that randomly enter the yard.In the first stage of RHSA,the distribution among blocks was analyzed with respect to the utilization ratio.In the second stage,the optimization of bay configuration was carried out by using the hybrid genetic algorithm.Moreover,an experiment was performed to test the RHSA.The results show that the explored algorithm is useful to increase the efficiency.     

Numerical simulation of the water entry of a structure in free fall motion

To solve the problems concerning water entry of a structure, the RANS equations and volume of fluid （VOF） method are used. Combining the user-defined function （UDF） procedure with dynamic grids, the water impact on a structure in free fall is simulated, and the velocity, displacement and the pressure distribution on the structure are investigated. The results of the numerical simulation were compared with the experimental data, and solidly consistent results have been achieved, which validates the numerical model. Therefore, this method can be used to study the water impact problems of a structure.     

Risk management modeling and its application in maritime safety

Quantified risk assessment （QRA） needs mathematicization of risk theory. However, attention has been paid almost exclusively to applications of assessment methods, which has led to neglect of research into fundamental theories, such as the relationships among risk, safety, danger, and so on. In order to solve this problem, as a first step, fundamental theoretical relationships about risk and risk management were analyzed for this paper in the light of mathematics, and then illustrated with some charts. Second, man-machine-environment-management （MMEM） theory was introduced into risk theory to analyze some properties of risk. On the basis of this, a three-dimensional model of risk management was established that includes： a goal dimension; a management dimension; an operation dimension. This goal management operation （GMO） model was explained and then emphasis was laid on the discussion of the risk flowchart （operation dimension）, which lays the groundwork for further study of risk management and qualitative and quantitative assessment. Next, the relationship between Formal Safety Assessment （FSA） and Risk Management was researched. This revealed that the FSA method, which the international maritime organization （IMO） is actively spreading, comes from Risk Management theory. Finally, conclusion were made about how to apply this risk management method to concrete fields efficiently and conveniently, as well as areas where further research is required.