Control of traffic in residential neighborhoods: Some considerations for implementation

The effect of motor vehicles upon older neighborhoods has received increasing attention as residents of these areas seek to preserve the quality of life in their neighborhoods. In order to reduce through traffic in residential neighborhoods, numerous techniques have been developed, ranging from turn prohibitions to physical barriers. Since these measures have negative impacts on previous users of the streets, there has been substantial opposition to them. This paper reviews the major areas of conflict as revealed through court challenges.Nine court cases were identified by the researchers. In four, the court decision supported the control measures; in five, the courts decided against the actions. Six of the nine cases are reviewed in this paper. Major legal issues which are identified include the appropriate use of municipal police power, reasonableness in the exercise of police power, the integration of control measures into an overall transportation plan, appropriate consideration of emergency vehicle needs and the rights of access to property, and public participation in the decision. The authors conclude that properly planned and executed diversion strategies can be implemented and can withstand challenges by negatively affected parties.The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed or implied in this paper are those of the authors only. They are not necessarily those of the Federal Highway Administration.     

关于新意法隧道设计的几点建议

在引进国外先进的隧道修建技术(新意法)时,不应生硬地照抄、照搬,而应在引进和消化吸收的基础上,结合我国的实际情况,不断改进、创新,逐步探索并形成具有中国特色的隧道设计、施工理论和先进、适用的隧道施工方法,以进一步提高我国隧道修建技术水平。文章针对新意法特点,就复杂地质条件下隧道选线、衬砌支护参数的选定及施工方案提出了具体的建议,可为新意法在我国的推广应用提供参考。     

对我国道路大件运输规范化发展的思考

本文在全面分析我国大件运输发展现状及问题的基础上,总结近几年我国大件运输管理政策的创新点,提出对未来我国大件运输规范化发展的思考,为道路货运行业政策及标准制订提供参考。     

关于桥梁技术创新的几点思考

文章指出,我国已经是一个桥梁技术强国,无论从桥梁的数量、跨径的大小、建设规模都已进入了世界先进行列,在桥梁的计算水平、经济指标、建设速度上与国外无多大的差异。我们与国外技术水平的差距主要表现在施工质量、桥梁的耐久性和桥梁美学上,我们技术创新活动应该在这些方面展开。文章共从6个方面展开对桥梁创新的思考。     

2006年煤炭供需形势

2006年电力需求增长虽然强劲,但较2004和2005年将趋缓和,重化工业和生活消费依然是拉动电力需求增长的主要力量.随着装机容量的持续快速增长,电力供需紧张局面整体将有大幅缓解.     

中国物流:走向供应链时代--美国物流发展趋势对中国物流的影响

进入21世纪,变革成为永恒的主题,变化的速度远远超过人们学习的速度.物流产业在科技进步和管理技术创新的驱动下,经历了从量变到质变的过程,全球物流已经进入供应链时代.     

公路平曲线设计在工程可行性研究阶段的探讨

文章针对工程可行性研究阶段的公路平面设计特点,介绍利用小计算器确定平曲线的平面设计方法,为提高工程可行性研究阶段设计的工作效率及质量提供参考。     

供应链时代距离我们有多远?--访美国供应链管理协会中国首席代表、中国物流学会副会长王国文博士

2005年春天,深圳市政府与CSCMP达成合作意向--首次CSCMP中国年会将于2005年6月在深圳拉开序幕.由CSCMP主席马克·理查斯带领的高层企业家代表团和全美最有影响的物流专家、企业家将聚首深圳.     

四川省高速公路弃渣场变更工作的几点认识

高速公路作为线型工程,具有里程长、土石方规模大、弃渣场点多面广的特点,在实际工作过程中容易产生弃渣场变更。变更的主要原因有设计阶段不同和施工过程中各种客观因素的制约。本文从变更的时机选择到获取设计资料、现场调查和沟通协调、选址合理性分析、完善设计和行政审批5个方面详细阐述了弃渣场变更的技术路线。重点研讨了现场调查的内容、方法和选址合理性分析,针对安全影响评价和行洪论证,结合现行国家、行业相关技术规范,提出了定性和半定量的判断标准,供同行共同探讨。     

Some thoughts on competitive tendering in local bus operations

Abstract

This article is derived from a report by Metra Consulting Group for the Dutch Ministry of Public Health and the Environment. The aim of Metra's study was to identify ways of reducing the environmental nuisance of urban traffic without adding excessively to transport costs.

The main theme of the article is that the traditional idea of an inherent conflict between transport efficiency and the environment is mistaken. Both efficiency and the environment are threatened by the same thing: the excessive and indiscriminate use of vehicles. This comes about because of defects in the fiscal and regulatory framework within which people take transport decisions. Suitable reforms in this framework would simultaneously enhance the environment and improve access for all classes of road user.

In the development of this theme, particular attention is paid to transport activities which tend to be neglected by policy makers, such as walking, cycling and urban goods distribution; and to measures which are not always thought of as instruments of policy at all, such as locational policy and development control, vehicle design, and vehicle taxation, especially of goods vehicles.     

Using activity-based models and the capability approach to evaluate equity considerations in transportation projects

Transportation - The capability approach (CA) is a theoretical framework that emphasizes the moral significance of individuals’ capability to achieve outcomes that they value and have reason...     

Aggregation effects on the network design problem

This article examines the effects of various network extraction schemes on the network design problem. Given an original network, many criteria can be used to identify subnetworks on which the network design problem is solved. For the purposes of this article, these subnetworks are obtained using an extraction algorithm which preserves the magnitude of the user equilibrium flows on the links of these subnetworks. The results of the implementation of the network design problem on the original and the extracted subnetworks are presented and compared. We conclude that very good solutions to the network design problem can be obtained from the use of highly aggregate networks.     

Competition and disruption in a dynamic urban supply chain

Rapid changes and complexities in business environments have stressed the importance of interactions between partners and competitors, leading supply chains to become the most important element of contemporary business environments. There is a concomitant need for foresight in describing supply chain performance in all operating environments, including those involving punctuated disruptions. Furthermore, the urban metropolis is now widely recognized to be an environment which is especially vulnerable to supply chain disruptions and for which integrated supply chain decisions can produce very substantial net benefits. Accordingly, this paper presents a dynamic supply chain network model formulated as a differential variational inequality; the model is fashioned to allow consideration of supply chain disruption threats to producers, freight carriers, and retail enterprises. The DVI is solved using a fixed-point algorithm, and a simple numerical example, introduced to illustrate how the impacts of supply chain disruptions may be quantified, is presented.     

Carsharing in Switzerland: identifying new markets by predicting membership based on data on supply and demand

Transportation - This study examines the relationship between the supply and demand variables that determine the probability of individuals joining a carsharing organization, using data from the...     

渝黔高速公路某滑坡特征与稳定性分析

渝黔高速公路是重庆通往黔江区的国家主干道之一,文章结合该公路K13 500~K13 960段左侧山坡体滑坡情况,分析滑坡体多级滑动特征及滑坡破坏的主要原因,提出利用膨胀岩的膨胀性和加强内外排水治理滑坡的建议。     

对山区河流船舶搜救的思考

山区河流的航行条件相对恶劣,如发生船舶失事事故,难以开展有效的搜救及协调工作。文章针对山区河流特点和船舶失事特点,分析了山区河流流域船舶航行的安全隐患,并从多方面探讨了加强山区河流船舶搜救工作的措施。     

岩溶地区隧道设计的几点思考及建议

岩溶地区隧道修建中出现的问题较多,尤其是岩溶水对施工安全、结构安全、运营安全的危害,并严重影响建设工期和工程投资。为此从岩溶发育的类型、岩溶对隧道工程的影响和危害等方面,通过近年在株六、渝怀、宜万等铁路项目的工程实例,对岩溶地区隧道工程设计理念、设计技术等进行了系统分析,提出了岩溶地区隧道工程的选线应尽量避开岩溶水的径流带及深部缓流带的建议;针对岩溶危害,在隧道结构设计时应结合安全评价,采取适宜的加强措施;岩溶水一般宜按"宜疏不宜堵"原则治理,辅助坑道、洞口设置等应重视对岩溶水引排的适应性。     

On the fundamental diagram and supply curves for congested urban networks

Macroscopic fundamental diagrams (MFD) of traffic for some networks have been shown to have similar shape to those for single links. They have erroneously been used to help estimate the level of travel in congested networks. We argue that supply curves, which track vehicles in their passage through congested networks, are needed for this purpose, and that they differ from the performance curves generated from MFD. We use a microsimulation model, DRACULA and two networks, one synthesizing the network for Cambridge, England, and one of the city of York, England, to explore the nature of performance curves and supply curves under differing patterns of demand.We show that supply curves differ from performance curves once the onset of congestion is reached, and that the incorrect use of performance curves to estimate demand can thus seriously underestimate traffic levels, the costs of congestion, and the value of congestion relief measures. We also show that network aggregated supply curves are sensitive to the temporal distribution of demand and, potentially, to the spatial distribution of demand. The shape of the supply curve also differs between origin–destination movements within a given network.We argue that supply curves for higher levels of demand cannot be observed in normal traffic conditions, and specify ways in which they can be determined from microsimulation and, potentially, by extrapolating observed data. We discuss the implications of these findings for conventional modelling of network management policies, and for these policies themselves.     

Some errors in macroscopic traffic models based on car following models

The macroscopic traffic flow models developed from the car following models of Gazis et al. (1961) are shown to have a flaw in that they do not meet certain of the boundary conditions that researchers have said that they do. This does not affect many existing models but, nevertheless, should be cleared up.     

无功功率补偿及滤波在索道中的应用

文章简单的介绍了泰山中天门索道应用无功功率补偿和滤波技术,提高功率因素,降低电耗,改善供电质量的具体做法和体会,可供有关索道企业参考。