基于载荷谱的轿车后车身耐久性能分析

本文以中心开发的乘用车后车身的疲劳耐久特性作为研究对象,截取整车后半部分白车身建立有限元模型,以实测车轮六分力载荷谱经多体动力学仿真分析输出的后悬架安装点激励作为疲劳计算的载荷输入。在此基础上,通过疲劳仿真分析软件FEMFAT分别对开发车与竞品车后车身疲劳寿命进行了对比分析,并将仿真分析结果与试验结果进行了对标,为该乘用车车身的设计开发及改进提供重要依据。     

基于Virtual.Lab软件的非承载式车身道路载荷谱预测方法研究

道路谱的动态载荷是分析底盘件及车身连接点疲劳的关键输入，采集试验场路谱信号，利用Virtual. Lab创建带有整体式车架的整车刚柔耦合多体模型，通过时域波型复现技术（TWR) 虚拟迭代的方式得到轴头位移驱动信号，进而分解获得悬架接附点载荷谱，并在数据处理软件Tecware中对比载荷预测的结果，从而为车架的疲劳分析提供载荷输入。     

基于实测载荷谱的整车疲劳开发与试验对比研究

采集某试验车的试验场道路载荷谱,建立其多体动力学(Multi-body Dynamics,MBD)模型,提取底盘件及其与车身连接点的载荷。通过有限元疲劳仿真分析,预测整车的寿命。在试制样车完成后,分别开展试验场道路试验和整车四通道台架试验,将仿真分析结果与试验场试验和台架试验的结果进行对比。结果表明,仿真分析的失效位置与两种试验的失效结果一致。有限元疲劳仿真分析和台架试验可用于产品设计阶段,具有缩短开发周期和节约开发成本的优势。     

基于整车动力学模型的虚拟迭代技术分析

以Adams/Car建立的整车多体动力学模型为载体,并以在试验场测试得到的轮心加速度、悬架弹簧位移和轮心力作为整车虚拟迭代的实测信号。在FEMFAT.Lab软件中建立实测信号和轮心位移响应信号间的传递函数。通过传递函数反求出轮心位移,并作为输入载荷,仿真分解得到车身与底盘连接点动态载荷,作为后期虚拟疲劳试验的必要条件。     

装有液压互联悬架车辆的越野性能仿真与试验研究

鉴于传统车辆的悬架系统所配的前、后横向稳定杆,往往不能兼顾操纵稳定性和越野性能,本文中提出了一种液压互联悬架,分别建立了安装横向稳定杆和安装液压互联悬架的整车动力学模型,设计并开发出液压互联悬架功能样车。基于动力学模型和功能样车进行仿真和试验,分析了在扭曲模态下,车身附加扭矩和车轮垂向载荷的变化。仿真和试验结果基本吻合,表明液压互联悬架系统能提高车辆侧倾稳定性,且不会额外增加车身承受的扭矩;同时,4个车轮的垂向载荷分布更加均匀,进一步提高了车辆的越野性能。     

后悬架系统试验载荷分析与验证研究

基于实测数据在ADAMS/CAR中建立多连杆后悬架系统多体动力学模型和虚拟台架模型,以后悬架系统实物试验工况为输入条件,通过虚拟试验分析获取悬架系统级工作载荷,并与实际试验结果进行对比验证。结果表明,虚拟试验分析所得载荷结果与实际试验结果在系统刚度、载荷分配、时域、频域和系统传递特性等方面趋势基本一致,该虚拟试验模型具有较好的精度,其分析结果可为悬架系统级疲劳寿命分析和结构优化提供有效的载荷边界条件。     

全地形车悬架载荷提取与强度分析

为了使悬架的结构设计合理可靠,满足设计的安全性,通过ADAMS/car建立全地形车悬架模型,选择制动工况、转向制动工况、冲击工况进行运动学仿真分析,提取全地形车悬架控制臂连接点载荷作为控制臂有限元分析的边界条件,利用Hyperworks软件对控制臂进行不同工况下的静态强度分析,研究其应力分布,为悬架控制臂优化及疲劳分析提供参考。     

基于耐久性虚拟试验的车身结构疲劳分析

首先建立某款商务车刚柔耦合多体动力学模型,并对其悬架系统进行分析和验证,然后构建耐久性虚拟路面作为激励对整车模型进行虚拟试验,以获取车身边界动态载荷,最后利用静态叠加法算得车身结构的应力响应,并采用基于寿命的安全因子法对车身结构进行疲劳寿命预测,重点对路试开裂的后摆臂支座进行疲劳分析和结构优化。结果表明,基于寿命的安全因子分析法能更直观地分析结构的疲劳损伤状态。     

基于FE-SEA混合模型的轿车车内噪声预测

为对轿车车内中频噪声进行预测,对轿车车身各子系统进行划分,建立了轿车整车混合FE-SEA模型;采用理论和试验相结合的方法求得车身结构的模态密度、内损耗因子和车身板件的辐射效率;采用理论计算方法确定发动机悬置点的激励和路面对车身在前后悬架与车身连接点处的激励.分别用施加激励后的混合FE-SEA模型和SEA模型预测驾驶员右耳旁的噪声,并与试验进行对比.结果表明:在200~1000Hz 整个频率范围内,FE-SEA混合模型的预测结果与试验数据吻合良好,明显优于SEA模型的预测结果,尤其足中频段.     

轿车前横向稳定杆安装处强度改进设计

为解决道路耐久试验中轿车前横向稳定杆车身安装处发生的开裂问题,对车身进行了强度仿真分析。基于包含横向稳定杆柔性体的悬架多体动力学仿真模型计算得到车身的载荷,然后使用有限元方法计算车身的应力,仿真结果显示出的危险部位与实车试验基本一致。基于仿真分析结果,对车身结构进行了改进,试验结果表明,车身的结构改进是有效的。     

基于虚拟迭代技术的中型货车驾驶室载荷谱的求取

某货车驾驶室疲劳载荷激励输入位置位于驾驶室与悬置连接处,在进行整车强化道路耐久试验时无法安装设备直接采集。为获取较为准确的驾驶室疲劳寿命分析载荷谱,对强化耐久路面下整车加速度响应信号进行虚拟迭代。虚拟迭代时需调用整车多体动力学模型,为提高整车模型精度,基于Craig-Bampton综合模态理论生成柔性体车架,建立刚柔耦合的整车多体动力学模型。将Femfat-lab与ADAMS/Car进行联合仿真计算,以白噪声为初始输入,求解刚柔耦合整车多体动力学模型的非线性传递函数,基于循环迭代原理,进行各种典型强化路况下驾驶室悬置附近加速度响应信号的虚拟迭代。利用时域信号对比法及损伤阈值法作为迭代收敛判据,获得满足精度需求的位移驱动信号。将位移驱动信号导入到ADAMS/Car中,对整车多体动力学模型进行驱动仿真,提取驾驶室疲劳分析所需激励载荷谱,将虚拟迭代求得的载荷谱用于疲劳寿命分析所得结果与驾驶室疲劳强化台架试验结果进行对比。研究结果表明：出现疲劳破坏的部位相同度达75%,疲劳寿命误差在20%左右,表明虚拟迭代过程中基于柔性体车架建立的刚柔耦合多体动力学模型的仿真计算,可获得较高精度的迭代结果;以位移谱驱动整车多体动力学模型进行仿真能够有效避免六分力直接驱动时模型翻转等不稳定现象,并且整车模型仿真加速度响应结果与实测相应位置加速度响应吻合度较高;相比于传统的疲劳分析载荷获取方法,虚拟迭代技术可以在较低试验成本的情况下获取较高精度的载荷谱,并能够提取由于连接位置导致的无法直接进行载荷测量部位的疲劳分析载荷。     

低平板半挂车车架及前悬支架的有限元分析

针对某型低平板半挂车在早期行驶中出现车架及前悬支架的断裂情况,文章利用有限元软件对整车及关键零部件进行受力分析,结果表明：满载工况下车架及前悬支架存在多处应力集中,运行中易导致结构疲劳断裂。提出为防止局部结构的疲劳破坏,应加强焊接质量控制及消除焊接残余应力,改进后能确保低平板半挂车在预期使用条件下的安全。     

Achieving anti-roll bar effect through air management in commercial vehicle pneumatic suspensions

ABSTRACT

This paper introduces the concept of managing air in commercial vehicle suspensions for reducing body roll. A conventional pneumatic suspension is re-designed to include higher-flow air hoses and dual levelling valves for improving the dynamic response of the suspension to the body roll, which commonly happens at relatively low frequencies. The improved air management allows air to get from the air tank to the airsprings quicker, and also changes the side-to-side suspension air pressure such that the suspension forces can more readily level the vehicle body, much in the same manner as an anti-roll bar (ARB). The results of a multi-domain simulation study in AMESim and TruckSim indicate that the proposed suspension configuration is capable of providing balanced airflow to the truck’s drive-axle suspensions, resulting in balanced suspension forces in response to single lane change and steady-state cornering steering maneuvers. The simulation results further indicate that a truck equipped with the reconfigured suspension experiences a uniform dynamic load sharing, smoother body motion (less roll angle), and improved handling and stability during steering maneuvers commonly occurring in commercial trucks during their intended use.     

Prediction of fatigue life and estimation of its reliability on the parts of an air suspension system

Air suspension systems have been implemented in various commercial vehicles, such as buses and special purpose trucks, because of the comfortable ride and easy height control. An evaluation of the durability of vehicle parts has been required for service life and safety starting in the early stages of design. The cyclic load applied to the vehicle can cause fatigue failure of parts, such as the suspension frame. This paper presents a method to predict the fatigue life of the suspension frame at the design stage of the air suspension system used in a heavy-duty vehicle. To estimate the fatigue life using the SN method, the Dynamic Stress Time History (DSTH) is necessary for the part of interest. DSTH can be obtained from the results of the flexible body dynamic analysis using the Belgian road simulation and the Modal Stress Recovery (MSR) method. Furthermore, the reliability of the predicted fatigue life can be evaluated by considering the variations in material properties. The probability and distribution of the expected life cycle can be obtained using experimental design with a minimum number of simulations. The advantage of using statistical methods to evaluate the life cycle is the ability to predict replacement time and the probability of failure of mass-produced parts. This paper proposes a rapid and simple method that can be effectively applied to the design of vehicle parts.     

实测道路载荷谱在新开发车型车身疲劳分析中的应用

根据新研发车和现有车型具有相同底盘平台的特点,提出一种利用现车道路载荷,快速进行新车车身疲劳分析和评估的方法。建立新车多体模型,放大现车道路载荷并结合轮胎接地位移为输入。根据车轮力传感器(WFT)载荷测量特点,正确地对模型加载激励,仿真得到车身载荷谱。选用合理疲劳分析方法预测车身寿命,以现车车身的疲劳分析损伤为目标,对不合格局部进行合理优化,最终新车车身达到设计耐久目标。     

Simplified fatigue durability assessment for rear suspension structure

The eight-channel test rig is widely used in durability assessment of vehicle components while for some cases of rear suspension, this costly instrument is unnecessary. Based on the analysis of structure and forces, a simpler one-channel testing approach is presented for the durability calculation of a dependent rear suspension. Taking a punched rear shock tower as the study object, a FEA strain-stress analysis was first performed to determine the risk area. Then, the entire vehicle test system was created, and the proving ground tests were carried out so that the real strain on the part could be measured. Based on the road test data and the P-S-N curve of the component, the cumulative fatigue damage of a 15,000-kilometer proving ground test road was calculated, and the computational result indicates that the modified structure was safe for durability analysis. Moreover, a standard 50% S-N survival fraction curve was plotted using Corten and Dolan’s method, which can be utilized in the durability analysis for other similar components. Finally, the road test for this modified suspension structure was carried out, and the test result certified that the punched shock tower can be subjected to a 15,000-kilometer proving ground test road without the appearance of fatigue failure.     

A new active variable stiffness suspension system using a nonlinear energy sink-based controller

This paper presents the active case of a variable stiffness suspension system. The central concept is based on a recently designed variable stiffness mechanism which consists of a horizontal control strut and a vertical strut. The horizontal strut is used to vary the load transfer ratio by actively controlling the location of the point of attachment of the vertical strut to the car body. The control algorithm, effected by a hydraulic actuator, uses the concept of nonlinear energy sink (NES) to effectively transfer the vibrational energy in the sprung mass to a control mass, thereby reducing the transfer of energy from road disturbance to the car body at a relatively lower cost compared to the traditional active suspension using the skyhook concept. The analyses and simulation results show that a better performance can be achieved by subjecting the point of attachment of a suspension system, to the chassis, to the influence of a horizontal NES system.     

自锚式悬索桥静动力分析及其试验研究

针对目前对自锚式悬索桥试验研究较少的现状,以江山北关自锚式悬索桥为例,进行初始平衡状态分析,利用有限元软件建立了自锚式悬索桥空间分析模型,考虑了主缆吊杆初始张拉力影响,分析该桥的静动力特性。然后,通过典型的实桥静动载试验研究来验证理论分析,结果表明理论计算值和实测值吻合较好,北关大桥的刚度和强度满足规范要求。     

Theoretical Analysis of a Semi Active Suspension Fitted to an Off-Road Vehicle

A theoretical analysis is presented to model a hydromechanical, semi-active suspension system, first as a single wheel station and then as fitted to each wheel of an off-road vehicle. Predicted results show that two benefits are obtained by comparison with the equivalent passive system. First, vehicle attitude is controlled for changes in body forces arising from static loads or braking/cornering inputs. Second, a significant improvement in ride comfort is obtained because low suspension stiffnesses can be used.