船体大变形对轴系校中的影响

在对轴系校中的影响因素研究中,国内外研究者大多将精力集中在轴承热位移、油膜刚度变化等方面,随着船舶的大型化,船体大变形已经成了影响轴系校中的主要因素之一。文章依据有限元方法的基本原理推导了适合轴系校中的计算公式,并利用Visual Basic编写了对应的计算软件,结合船体变形数据,分析了船体变形对轴系校中的影响程度,为船舶轴系校中计算及检验提供了参考。     

考虑船体变形的轴系动态校中算法

船体变形是影响轴系校中质量的关键动态因素，其对船舶的安全运营起着至关重要的作用。对此，本文在船舶轴系合理校中计算的基础上，提出了一种考虑船体变形的轴系动态校中算法。通过研究船体变形对轴承相对位移的影响变化，结合轴系结构特点和船级社的相关统计规律，得到了在船体变形下轴承相对位移的数学表达式；将主机轴承脱空作为临界点，计算出轴系所能承受的最大船体变形，并以此确定了轴承位移的安全余量。以176000DWT散货船为例，实现了考虑船体变形的轴系动态校中，并验证了算法的准确性。     

三种轴系校中计算方案的比较

介绍了船舶推进轴系校中计算对船体变形影响的一些考虑,并通过三种轴系校中计算方案的比较给出了大型船舶校中设计更趋于优化的一种改进倾向.     

大型船舶船体变形对轴系校中的影响分析

针对某大型散货船,根据有、无尾管前轴承两种不同的轴系布置,分别进行轴系的校中计算,并估算极限状态下的船体变形,在校中计算过程中考虑船体变形的影响.分析结果表明,船体变形影响轴系中的轴承负荷分布,无尾管前轴承的轴系布置对船体变形的敏感程度相对较低。     

对轴系校中影响的船体变形研究

以某大型集装箱船和大型油船为实例,提出了适用于轴系校中的船体变形计算原则,建立了轴系中心线相对变形的计算方法和流程.通过对轴系中心线垂向相对变形的有限元计算,研究和分析了船舶各工况时,轴系中心线变形的态势,提出了轴系校中所应计算的工况、各工况船体变形值的应用方法,并建议将反变形法用于轴系校中技术.     

影响船舶轴系校中质量的主要因素

为确保船舶轴系安全运行,有必要分析和研究影响轴系校中质量的主要因素。首先在对轴系校中进行计算过程中建立轴系计算模型,并以计算模型为基础进行计算;其次重视轴系支撑刚度的变化情况,合理预估校中计算数据;最后分析船体的变形量,合理调整轴系校中方法。     

船舶调距桨主推进系统轴系动态校中计算模型研究

传统的船舶轴系校中计算的主要目的是在轴系静态的情况下验证和确定轴系设计状况,用来指导轴系的安装和检验.本文拟在静态校中基础上结合调距桨系统的特征,考虑调距桨主推进系统由于船体在各种装载情况下的变形、轴承支承刚度、油膜刚度、螺旋桨水动力、齿轮箱齿轮啮合力等动态因素下对轴系合理校中的影响,以满足日益复杂的现代大型船舶轴系校中计算需要.     

油膜力耦合下质量偏心对船舶轴系振动的影响

船舶轴系运转的稳定性是船舶动力推进的重要性能,然而由于工作载荷变化的影响,航行中轴系的回转运动是不稳定的,常常伴随着回旋振动和扭转振动,导致轴系出现故障.同时由于船体变形、轴系校中状态和传动轴加工误差等等原因,船舶轴系存在质量偏心,在船舶轴承油膜力的耦合作用下,质量偏心是激起推进轴系振动的重要因素之一.文中研究了船舶轴承油膜力耦合作用下质量偏心对轴系回旋振动以及振动稳定性的影响关系,揭示了质量偏心对轴系振动的危害性.     

MATLAB有限元方法在船舶推进轴系校中计算中的应用

船舶推进轴系安装是船舶建造中重要的一个环节，船舶轴系合理校中计算对保证轴系长期可靠运转极为重要。本文介绍了船舶轴系校中计算中常用的有限元法。依据该方法用MATLAB有限元的方法编制轴系校中计算程序，通过该程序可以计算出船舶在下水、满载或半载情况下，由于船体变形而导致轴系参数的变化。     

船舶推进轴系的一般布置和校中计算

船舶推进轴系校中质量的好坏直接关系到船舶的航行安全,而影响轴系校中质量的因素很多,如船轴的加工精度、轴系的安装弯曲、船体变形、操作人员素质等。文中介绍了船舶推进轴系一般布置和校中计算的一些原理和方法,重点介绍合理负荷法的原理、计算步骤和计算方法等,并以某海洋工程船为例,详述了顶举试验的方法、程序和步骤与分析。     

Research on shafting alignment considering ship hull deformations

Ship hull deformation is one of the most significant influences on propulsion shafting alignment. Based on the calculation fundamentals of ship hull deformations, a new method of shafting alignment considering ship hull deformations is proposed in this paper. Ship loadings, wave loads and environment temperature differences in some extreme conditions, as well as elastic constraints, are simulated and applied to the finite element model of 76,000 DWT product oil tanker, so that ship hull deformations can be solved. Then, the deformations of the double bottom are converted to bearing offsets, which behave as boundary constraints for shafting alignment calculations. Taking the condition of light ship in calm water as a reference, the impact of hull deformations on shafting alignment is analyzed and optimized shafting alignment considering ship hull deformations is realized.     

A practical method for torsional strength assessment of container ship structures

Container ship structures are characterized by large hatch openings. Due to this structural property, they are subject to large diagonal deformations of hatch openings and warping stresses under complex torsional moments in waves. This necessitates torsional strength assessment of hull girder of container ships in their structural design stage. In this paper, a practical method for torsional strength assessment of container ship structures with transparent and consistent background is discussed based on the results from up-to-date analyses. In order to estimate the torsional response characteristics as accurately as possible, three-dimensional Rankine source method, after being validated by tank tests, is employed for estimation of wave loads on a container ship, and FE analyses are conducted on the entire-ship model under the estimated loads. Then, a dominant regular wave condition under which the torsional response of the container ship becomes maximum is specified. Design loads for torsional strength assessment that give torsional response equivalent to the long-term predicted values of torsional response are investigated based on the torsional moments on several container ships under the specified dominant wave condition. An appropriate combination of stress components to estimate the total hull girder stress is also discussed.     

不同航速下船体波浪诱导运动和载荷计算研究

应用三维时域水动力理论,以挪威船级社（DNV）的WASIM程序系统作为主要工具,分析研究了一条在国际航线上航行的某一集装箱船的水动力特性,包括船体运动与波浪诱导载荷的规律,给出了不同航速下的船体运动特性和剖面诱导载荷百年一遇长期预报结果,深入分析了船体的航速效应,为船体设计中船体波浪载荷设计提供了参考依据。     

Parametric dependencies of the post-ultimate strength behavior of a ship’s hull girder in waves

To rationally assess the consequence of a ship’s hull girder collapse, it is necessary to know the post-ultimate strength behavior of the hull girder including the global deformation and motions under extreme wave-induced loads. In the foregoing research, the authors proposed a numerical analysis system to predict the collapse behavior in waves including the post-ultimate strength behavior. The primary objective of the present paper is to clarify the parametric dependencies of the severity of the collapse in a rational manner. The parameters may include those related to load-carrying capacity and the extreme loads. To this end, an analytical solution to describe the post-ultimate strength behavior is derived. Assuming that a plastic hinge is formed at the midship during the collapse procedure, the whole ship is modeled as a two-rigid-bodies system connected to each other amidship via a nonlinear rotational spring, which represents the nonlinear relationship between the bending moment and the rotational angle. The relationship may be modeled as piece-wise linear curves. It is further assumed that large motions and elastic/plastic deformations of the hull girder may not affect the load evaluations, and that the hull girder is subjected to a large single wave. Some important parameters to predict the severity of the collapse are specified based on the analytical solution.     

水弹性力学在SWATH船体结构振动响应分析中的应用研究

文章以三维水弹性力学理论为基础,对小水线面双体船的船体振动响应特性进行了分析,预报了该船体在航行时受发电机激励下的振动响应,并与实船测量结果进行了对比,结论表明三维水弹性力学方法在船体受机械激励作用下对于船体振动响应的预报是有效的,可应用于工程设计。     

Hydroelasto-plasticity approach to predicting the post-ultimate strength behavior of a ship’s hull girder in waves

Dynamic collapse behavior of a ship’s hull girder in waves is investigated; post-ultimate strength behavior is the focus. Firstly, a simulation method is proposed. Assuming that a plastic hinge is formed during the collapse of the hull girder, the whole ship is modeled as two rigid bodies connected amidship via a nonlinear rotational spring. The post-ultimate strength behavior, such as the reduction of load carrying capacity due to buckling and yielding, is reflected in the model. Hydrodynamic loads are evaluated by using nonlinear strip theory to account for the effect of large plastic deformations on the loads. A scaled model for validation of the simulation is designed and fabricated. Then a series of tank tests is conducted using the scaled model to validate the simulation results. Post-ultimate strength behavior characteristics in waves are clarified by using the numerical and tank test results. It is shown that the hull girder collapses rapidly after reaching ultimate strength, and then the plastic deformation grows until unloading starts at the collapsed section. Finally, several parametric dependencies of the extent of the collapse behavior are discussed based on a series of the simulations.     

大型船舶推进轴系与船体变形耦合响应分析

船舶大型化使得船体变形对推进轴系的影响越来越突出。在研究大型集装箱船的基础上,采用有限元法探讨了大型集装箱船全船结构有限元模型和推进轴系的建模方法,波浪载荷计算方法以及轴系振动响应分析技术。以一艘8530TEU集装箱船为研究对象,实现了全船有限元分析全过程,对不同工况下推进轴系轴承支撑点处的船体变形进行了计算分析与讨论。采用ANSYS软件建立轴系有限元模型,施加不同的船体变形激励对轴系振动响应进行了分析。研究结果对轴系减振及避振措施具有一定的参考意义。     

舰船波浪弯矩响应的频率特性

非直壁式舰船在高浪级和高航速下的弯矩响应中,除了含有低频遭遇频率成分外,还存在着一定数量的遭遇频率的倍频成分及船体各谐调的垂向总振动频率成份,它们都会对舰船波浪弯矩的非线性响应产生相应的影响。如果舰船的第一谐调垂向总振动频率正好是遭遇频率的整数倍,这时弯矩的非线性响应将达到极值。本文从模型试验及理论计算两方面分析了舰船波浪弯矩的频率特性,对船体载荷响应理论的发展及设计载荷的确定具有指导意义。     

Structural design of process decks for floating production, storage and offloading units

This work analyzes the influence of ship motion and deformation on the structural design of decks to support production plants in floating production, storage and offloading units (FPSOs). These decks are space frames with lengths ranging from 30 to 100 mr, with a variable number of rigid supports linked to the ship hull. The deck and ship hull are modeled together for naval and structural analysis. A global, coupled analysis is performed considering the deck and ship structures; sea loads are evaluated by means of probabilistic methods.