非线性混合海况下导管架式近海风机长期载荷的预报

在非线性混合海况(风浪与涌浪的组合)下,以NREL 5MW导管架式近海风机为研究对象,预报导管架支撑结构泥线处受到的长期载荷。在时域仿真中,选用Ochi-Hubble六参数波浪谱,编制该谱的程序并将其嵌入到FAST中进行编译。在线性与非线性不规则波条件下的波高,泥线处的首尾向剪力和首尾向弯矩进行统计分析。采用分块最大值法提取短期载荷极值,使用广义极值分布进行拟合,极大似然估计法估计分布参数。经验分布与广义极值分布的拟合检验效果较好。计算结果表明,研究非线性混合海况下近海风机的导管架式支撑结构对工程实际更具有指导意义。     

非线性混合海况下近海风机塔筒底部载荷的动力响应

本文主要研究在非线性混合海况(即风浪和涌浪组合海况)下,以NREL 5MW_Baseline Monopile近海风机为研究对象,对其塔筒底部(基线)所受到的剪力和弯矩载荷的动力响应进行仿真。在近海风机的时域仿真中,选用了Ochi-Hubble六参数波浪谱,并编制了该谱的程序嵌入到FAST中进行编译。计算过程中,共进行了20次10 min的仿真分析。对于得到的短期载荷,给出了波高程,塔筒底部首尾向剪力和弯矩在线性与非线性不规则波作用下的时程曲线对比图。采用分块最大值法对每一次的短期载荷提取极值,并基于20次仿真所得的极值,给出了塔筒底部首尾向剪力与弯矩在线性与非线性不规则波作用下的超越概率曲线对比图。研究表明,在非线性混合海况下进行近海风机塔筒底部载荷的动力响应研究,计算结果对工程实际应用具有指导意义。     

近海结构任意倾斜桩腿的非线性波浪载荷计算

用Stokes非线性波浪理论计算速度与加速度,采用Morison公式求得任意倾斜柱体的波浪载荷,讨论了如何求小参数与波长、杆件的浸水长度等问题,编写的程序可以按照足够小的时间间隔t=2π/40计算出任意时刻构件或整体结构的波浪载荷,进而求得结构的最大波浪载荷可用于结构设计。     

近海单桩风机在波浪地震联合作用下的动力特性分析

针对典型单桩海上风机结构,利用ANSYS建立有限元模型,并根据实际情况选取3种地震加速度激励和两个水深的波浪荷载,对结构进行地震单独作用动力分析以及地震与波浪联合作用下动力分析.对比分析结果表明:地震发生时,在水位较低、波浪较小的情况下,结构主要以地震作用引起的响应为主,波浪引起的响应相对较小;若地震发生的同时伴有极端恶劣海况,则结构响应较大;波浪对结构下部响应有较大的影响;由于地震加速度峰值与波浪力峰值之间存在相位差,所以两者联合作用时,结构的响应也会有减小的情况发生.由此可见,地震发生时波浪的存在将对结构动力响应造成不同程度的影响,在进行海上风机设计时,有必要考虑地震与波浪联合作用的情况.     

海上风力发电机组支撑结构动力响应特性研究

支撑结构设计是大型海上风电机组设计的重要部分。文章分析了海上风电机组的各种环境载荷,并以3MW风力机组为例计算其所受环境载荷,包括作用在支撑结构顶端的由风机叶轮转动引起的水平轴向力、作用在塔筒上的风载荷以及作用在基础上的海流、海浪载荷,并采用非线性弹簧来模拟基础与海底土层之间的相互作用。在考虑风轮影响情况下,利用有限元法对支撑结构进行了模态分析。最后,分析了环境载荷作用下支撑结构的动态响应。计算结果表明,在对海上风力发电机组进行动态响应计算时,环境载荷之间的相互耦合作用不能忽略。     

基于stokes波浪理论的近海风电基础波浪荷载变化规律

针对近海风电基础所处的环境特点,参考实测资料,选取Stokes波浪理论,对作用在风电基础上的非线性波浪荷载进行了研究。计算得出了波浪特征参数确定时波浪的速度势函数、速度场函数和加速度场函数,通过分析其变化规律,计算出作用于基础的总波浪荷载的变化特征;在利用BP神经网络对波浪特征参数变量和周期内波浪荷载极值变量进行预测的基础上,获得了波浪荷载极值分布的概率密度函数。     

Ultimate load analysis of a 10 MW offshore monopile wind turbine incorporating fully nonlinear irregular wave kinematics

Loads from storm waves can in some cases be dimensioning for offshore wind turbine substructures. Accurate determination of nonlinear wave loads is therefore important for a safe, yet economic design. In this paper, the fully nonlinear waves, realized by a fully nonlinear potential wave solver OceanWave3D, are incorporated into coupled aero-servo-hydro-elastic simulations for a reduced set of wave-sensitive design load cases, in comparison with the widely used linear and constrained waves. The coupled aero-elastic simulations are performed for the DTU 10 MW reference wind turbine on a large monopile at 33 m water depth using the aero-elastic code HAWC2. Effect of the wave nonlinearity is investigated in terms of the ultimate sectional moments at tower bottom and monopile mudline. Higher ultimate moments, 5% at tower bottom and 13% at monopile mudline as maximum, are predicated when the nonlinear waves are used. It could be explained by the fact that the extreme nonlinear waves, that are close to the breaking limit, can induce resonant ringing-type responses, and hereby dominate the ultimate load responses. However, the constrained wave approach shows marginal difference compared to the standard linear wave approach. It can be concluded at least for the present configuration that the industry standard approaches (linear and constrained wave approach) underestimate the ultimate load responses on offshore wind turbines in severe sea states.     

Experimental study on dynamic response of a floating offshore wind turbine under various freak wave profiles

This study performed experimental investigation on the dynamic response of an in-place floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) under freak wave actions. Based on the method of wave profile modulation, various freak wave profiles embedded in unidirectional Gaussian seas were generated in wave basin and the action of these waves on the FOWT was measured and analyzed, which has not been done before. The motions of FOWT were analyzed in time domain as well as time-frequency domain. The effect of freak wave parameters on FOWT motions was addressed, i.e., freak wave height, freak wave period, large crest, and deep trough. The dynamic response of FOWT was observed as a spike at the occurrence of freak wave in a conventional random wave, where the impact of freak wave can last for 17 spectral peak periods of wave. Data analysis shows that the motions of FOWT increased linearly with the freak wave height. In addition, the occurrence of freak wave induced the coupled effect on surge and pith, which was strengthen with the increase of freak wave height and wave period. Compared to a large crest, a deep trough of freak wave led to stronger motions and was supposed to be a key concern on the safety of the FOWT. The novel findings in this study provided a reference for the design of survival load on a FOWT and benchmarks for validating numerical models.     

Experimental study of the state-of-the-art offshore system integrating a floating offshore wind turbine with a steel fish farming cage

An innovative offshore system integrating a floating offshore wind turbine with a steel fish farming cage (FOWT-SFFC) has recently been developed by the two leading authors for offshore wind and aquaculture industry. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic responses of FOWT-SFFC subjected to simultaneous wind and wave actions in the harsh South China Sea environment by a series of model tests. The tests are conducted at the Tsinghua Ocean Engineering Basin with Froude scale of 1:30. In this paper, the similarity law and setup of model tests are given first. Then a series of calibration tests and identification tests are carried out to validate the capacity of wind generator and wave maker, and to identify the vibration frequencies of tower, the stiffness of mooring system, natural periods and system damping, motion response amplitude operators (RAOs) of FOWT-SFFC, and thrust-speed performance of the turbine in wave basin. After that, seakeeping tests are implemented for random waves, followed by a sequence of load cases including normal operating and extreme conditions. Constant wind speeds and random wind speeds are respectively considered in load combinations. The experimental results affirm the excellent seakeeping and dynamic performance of FOWT-SFFC. Existence of metal fish nets increases the damping of foundation's 6 degree-of-freedoms motions. Generally, the influence of nets on the dynamic responses is insignificant in wind sea states.     

基于变频控制的自升式风电平台机舱通风系统设计与研究

机舱通风系统是自升式风电平台重要的动力辅助系统。本文研究了具有自升式风电平台特色的机舱通风系统,对机械进风自然排风与机械进排风两种通风方式进行分析比较,并提出了先进的变频控制机舱通风系统设计理念。通过正在建造中的项目实例,详细介绍了基于变频控制的机舱通风系统的核心设计思路,展现了该系统智能、节能和安全可靠等诸多优势,对今后自升式风电平台机舱通风系统设计具有重要的指导意义。     

Bottom effects on the tower base shear forces and bending moments of a shallow water offshore wind turbine

In this paper the tower base shear forces and bending moments of a shallow water offshore wind turbine have been rigorously calculated by using a nonlinear simulation method taking into account the bottom effects. It has been found that nonlinearly simulated realistic waves with bottom effects should be used as inputs in the stochastic time domain simulation in order to design an un-conservative support structure for the offshore wind turbine. In order to further improve the simulation efficiency, a transformed linear simulation method has been utilized in this paper for generating equivalent waves as those obtained from the nonlinear simulation method. The accuracy and efficiency of the transformed linear simulation method have been convincingly substantiated through the subsequent calculation examples in this article.