货运服务业地方保护破局

地方保护的表现 当前货运服务业还存在哪些地方保护? 浙江省的绝大多数地方对货运配载、货运代理等货运服务业采取备案制管理.总体上来说,浙江的货运服务业是开放的,但是仍存在地方保护的现象,主要表现为两种形式:一是当地政府保护下的地方保护,如一些依托商品市场建立起来的货运市场,当地政府一股设有市场管理委员会进行封闭式专线管理,并严格控制货运市场及周边市场进入,有的甚至几年内没有新审批进入者;二是不透明管理引起的地方保护,如个别地方对外声称开放,但是进入程序和需要条件不公开,存在很大的人为因素,一旦有新经营者准备进入时又变相阻扰.     

Recent developments in national and international freight transport models within Europe

The past decade has seen many new freight transport models for use in transport planning by public authorities. Some of these models have developed new concepts, such as logistics modules, inclusion of transshipments, storage and sourcing and the determination of shipment size. This paper provides a review of the European literature on freight transport models that operate at the national or international level and have been developed since 2004. The introduction of elements of logistics thinking is identified as a common theme in recently developed models, and further worked out. Furthermore, ideas on what might be the next key developments in freight transport modelling are presented.     

European freight transport and the environment: empirical applications and scenarios

Environmental issues have received a prominent place in transport policies of most European countries. The coordination of such policies however, is fraught with many difficulties. The increasing freight flows after the European integration are a source of concern, but have not yet led to straightforward and effective environmental strategies.The paper focuses on the Trans Alpine freight transport systems in the light of the future integration of single national transport systems into the European transport network. The environmental, social and institutional peculiarities of this ‘region’ have favoured—in the past—the development of strong nationally-oriented policies, partly in contrast with the goals promoted by the European Union. The present analysis aims to highlight opportunities, and limits inherent, in the implementation of various infrastructure projects oriented towards a drastic change of the Alpine transport systems structure. The Alpine countries, viz. Austria and Switzerland, play a central role in the promotion of environmental benign modes of transport of goods, with a clear focus on rail. The route choice and modal split of freight flows in Europe are taking place simultaneously. In this paper the results of European freight flow models (based on logit analysis and neural networks) will be presented. An important exercise is then to assess the consequences of various types of eco-taxes on road transport in Europe. In this context, several policy scenarios will be dealt with.     

长三角道路货运一体化得道多助

沪苏浙三地通力合作 交通部于2005年出台的首个区域交通规划-<长江三角洲地区现代化公路水路交通规划纲要>,无疑为长三角地区交通运输全面、协调、可持续发展奠定基础.     

Determinants of modal choice in freight transport

In the next few years, exciting developments in the field of freight transport are likely to occur. The Channel Tunnel will be perceived as giving railways much greater distance of operation, compared to the current train ferry to/from Great Britain. The further development of swap-body technology will allow easier modal transfer and the creation, in 1992, of a single market in Europe will transform the pattern of trade. All of these are likely to have significant impacts on modal choice, and hence modal split, in freight transport. Reappraisal by many firms of the modes of transport used is likely but will it result in a net transfer of freight from road to rail and, if so, to what extent? To answer such questions, an accurate and reliable method of predicting modal split is required. Research in the past has concentrated on the development of modal split models based on generalised costs. These fail to explain adequately the prevalence of road freight in the UK. From surveys of freight managers within industry, it is clear that models to date rely too heavily on the economic cost factor and too little on behavioural factors (Jeffs 1985). This paper derives from a recent study of freight transport modal choice from the standpoint of the transport decision-maker within the firm. It attempts to shed light on the actual parameters which should be incorporated into a modal split model. Many variables appear to exert an influence on modal choice decision-making process. However, it is possible to categorise them into six main groups, namely: customer-requirements; product-characteristics; company structure/organisation; government interventions; available transport facilities; and perceptions of the decision-maker him/herself. It is the interactions and inter-relationships between these which ultimately determine freight modal split. This study has shown that the relationship between the outcome of the transport decision process and the values of particular determinants of modal split is not straight-forward, due to the complexity and variety of interactions involved. Perhaps one of the main reasons for researchers' failure hitherto to develop a successful modal-split model has been the preoccupation with techniques that rely on the development of common metric (e.g. generalised cost), which has led to the exclusion of some important explanatory variables along quite different dimensions. Another important issue concerns the appropriate level of aggregation. In order not to reduce the explanatory power of the key variables, it is important to work at a disaggregate level, although this does make substantial demands on data. The use of factor analysis enables both the aggregation of information without loss of behavioural reality and the specification of variables in terms of a common metric. In conclusion, freight transport has usually been examined within too narrow a framework. It must be placed firmly within the context of the total industrial process. The demand for freight transport is directly influenced by the level, composition and geographical distribution of production and consumption activities. Freight flows are complex and so it is highly unlikely that a universal mode-choice model can ever be developed. Future research should, therefore, be directed towards developing partial models in response to specific needs of those involved in decision-taking in the freight sector.     

The value of travel time savings in freight transport: a meta-analysis

Transportation - The value of freight travel time savings (VFTTS) is a monetary value that is considered an important input into cost–benefit analysis and traffic forecasting. The VFTTS is...     

台风割断京广引发货运危机

由于强热带风暴"碧利斯"的影响,京广铁路南段多处出现了洪涝灾害,自7月15日起被迫中断行车.铁路的停运造成了大量货物的积压,而执飞北京-广州的航班,也被铁路分流出来的货物彻底塞满.由一场风暴引发的运输危机,正在京广两地悄悄上演.     

Multiple objective optimization of the fleet sizing problem for road freight transportation

A fleet sizing problem (FSP) in a road freight transportation company with heterogeneous fleet and its own technical back‐up facilities is considered in the paper. The mathematical model of the decision problem is formulated in terms of multiple objective mathematical programming based on queuing theory. Technical and economical criteria as well as interests of different stakeholders are taken into account in the problem formulation. The solution procedure is composed of two steps. In the first one a sample of Pareto‐optimal solutions is generated by an original program called MEGROS. In the second step this set is reviewed and evaluated, according to the Decision Maker's (DM's) model of preferences. The evaluation of solutions is carried out with an application of an interactive multiple criteria analysis method, called Light Beam Search (LBS). Finally, the DM selects the most desirable, compromise solution.     

Mapping and evaluating the complexity of information flows in freight transport chains

ABSTRACT

The role of information in the efficient management of freight transport systems is well acknowledged. Administrative functions, such as negotiation or payments, involve intensive communication, while the production of the transport service relies heavily on the sharing of information (e.g. track and trace). Yet, specific literature on information flows is relatively scarce. This paper sets out to contribute to filling in this gap. Firstly, it elaborates a set of maps of the information flows for four conceptualisations – direct link, corridor, hub and spoke, and connected hubs – of maritime freight transport, initially proposed by Woxenius (2007, “Generic Framework for Transport Network Designs: Applications and Treatment in Intermodal Freight Transport Literature.” Transport Reviews 27 (6): 733–749. doi:10.1080/01441640701358796). The results reveal a high degree of similarity between import and export services. Secondly, it assesses the complexity of each conceptualisation’s flow network using the concept of entropy. Flows are characterised along four variables: involved agents, timing, and contents and message type. Additionally, a new taxonomy is proposed to categorise the messages. The results evidence the heterogeneous contributions of each category to the complexity of the flows. Finally, the results also reveal that the information flows for the tasks in the pre-transport stage are not specific to the conceptualisation in question and are of comparable complexity to the flows occurring during the transport stage.     

暑运:第四份大餐

近年来,每到暑假,人们外出旅游和大学生返家返校人数越来越多.据铁道部全国铁路暑期运输方案预测:今年全国铁路暑期(自7月1日起至8月31日止,共62天)将发送旅客2.21亿人次,同比增加858万人次,增长4%左右.而2006年40天创历史最高纪录的春运,铁路发送旅客仅为1.49亿人.可见暑运已经成为又一个黄金季节,理当成为道路客运企业一年中的第四份大餐.     

The importance of new‐generation freight terminals for intermodal transport

Manufacturers have been promoting new terminal concepts for several years. They claim more efficient operations, shorter handling times and lower costs compared to conventional operations. However, so far no new‐generation terminals have been implemented, nor is there any intention yet to implement them. This is regrettable, because if new‐generation terminal concepts can achieve what their designers claim, these terminals could significantly improve the competitiveness of intermodal transport. It is expected that new‐generation terminals will perform particularly well in complex bundling networks such as hub and spoke, collection‐distribution and line networks. A static‐process analysis is used to evaluate the claimed terminal performances. The method incorporates the terminal function and the type of bundling network. Specific network situations have been defined for each type of bundling network. This study shows that the new concepts perform better than the reference terminal and shunting in complex bundling operations.     

State-of-the art of freight forecast modeling: lessons learned and the road ahead

In this paper we review freight forecasting models and current advances and needs with respect to data and model development. We then present a case study to suggest which models should be developed for the State of California in the US. We suggest several alternatives including an aggregate commodity flow model, a disaggregate regional logistics model and a hybrid regional logistics model with a truck touring model. We point out however, that the data requirements for the latter model would be extensive. In addition, the development of hybrid models, for example progress in the integration of regional logistics models with urban truck touring models, will introduce new problems such as reconciling the outputs of multiple models for consistency.     

加快发展道路运输民营经济

国有经济的战略性调整和国有企业战略性改组,以及交通部结构调整的要求,为民营运输经济的发展带来了机遇.现有的运输市场主体,特别是客运企业,大多为国有专业运输企业,政企不分,行业保护与垄断较普遍.形势的发展呼唤从培育合格的市场主体入手来培育、规范运输市场,大力发展民营经济,从源头上营造行业的公平竞争环境,提高整体竞争力、服务质量和文明程度,建立统一、开放、竞争、有序的道路运输市场体系.     

轿运车:穿行在超限窘境

除了油费和过路费,超限罚款已经上升为整车运输过程中的第三大成本.这让我们非常头疼.陆友物流(北京)有限公司总经理助理孟小平大倒苦水.现在对于超限的轿运车一次的处罚金额一般都在5000～10000元之间,而且往往重复罚款.     

货运信息网何去何从

北京京联货运信息有限责任公司(简称"京联公司")董事长赵子意11月8日到武汉参加了中国交通企业协会物流研究院主办的"2006年全国运输与物流信息技术应用高层研讨会".参会代表中,像他这样的货运信息人还真不少,大家见面后谈笑风生,记者还听他们称自己这个群体为"物流信息人".     

Transportation policy analysis with a geographic information system: The virtual network of freight transportation in Europe

This paper presents a multi-modal freight transportation model based on a digitized geographic network. A systematic analysis and decomposition of all the transport operations i.e. moving, loading and unloading, transshipping and transiting, leads to the development of a virtual network where each virtual link corresponds to a specific operation, and all transportation modes and means are inter-linked. Software, called NODUS, automatically generates the virtual network so that the model can be conveniently applied to large networks. The analytical structure of the links notation makes it easy to attach specific cost functions to each virtual link. The model is applied to the trans-European freight network of roads, railways and inland waterways for the transportation of wood. Cost functions are built up for each operation by each mode/means combination. A detailed point-to-point origin-destination matrix, calibrated on Eurostat statistics, is generated by a Monte-Carlo technique. Then, the total transportation cost is minimized with respect to the choices of routes, modes and means. This provides estimations of transportation services demands as well as modal splits, to the extent that the two hypotheses of demand based on generalized cost minimization and market contestability are accepted. A sensitivity analysis on the relative road cost is made, which provides measures of arc-elasticities.