非一致地震激励下列车-轨道-桥梁耦合振动模型

为探讨行波效应对地震作用下高速铁路桥上列车行车安全性的影响,基于列车-轨道-桥梁动力相互作用理论,采用35个自由度的机车车辆模型、板式无砟轨道模型和桥梁有限元模型,通过引入地震多点激励模式,建立了非一致地震激励下的列车-轨道-桥梁耦合振动模型,并编制了相应的仿真分析程序.以跨度32 m的简支梁桥为例,输入El Centro地震波,计算了一致激励和行波激励下车桥系统的动力响应.结果表明:行波效应对耦合系统动力响应幅值的影响很大.当车速为350 km/h、行波速度为300 m/s时的脱轨系数、轮重减载率和轮轨横向力比一致激励分别降低84.1%、19.5%和87.8%.因此,忽略行波效应可能造成对地震时桥上列车行车安全的误判.      

Dynamic Responses of Long-Span Transmission Tower-Line System Subjected to Broken Wires

A macroscopic finite element modeling approach was proposed to calculate the vibration of a tower-line system subjected to broken wires with software ANSYS/LS-DYNA. In the finite element model, not only the nonlinearity of wires and suspension insulators are considered, but also the support towers are included. The incremental and iterative approaches are combined by applying the unbalanced loads incrementally during each iteration cycle. The approach was illustrated with an example of a Hanjiang-River long-span transmission line system subjected to a shield wire and a conductor failure, respectively. The analysis results showed that the proposed dynamic simulation approach can demonstrate the kinetic process of the tower-line system subjected to wire ruptures: The frequencies of line components were lower and densely distributed, but the frequencies of tower components were higher and sparsely distributed. Anyhow, the dynamic effects of wire ruptures on tower-line system could not be ignored in analysis of tower-line system subjected wire failures.     

移动荷载作用下加筋路堤的三维动力响应

利用半解析方法研究移动荷载作用下加筋路堤的动力响应问题。基于Biot多孔弹性介质的波动理论,建立三维横观各向同性弹性加筋地基模型。在忽略土颗粒压缩和自重的情况下,利用Fourier变换将土体波动方程转化为常微分方程。通过数值计算研究加筋与不加筋时,速度、筋材弹性模量和加筋率等对路面竖向位移的影响。计算结果表明:在一定范围内,速度越大加筋效果越显著;速度相同时,加筋后的路面竖向位移明显小于加筋前;筋材弹性模量和加筋率在一定范围内增大时,加筋后的路面竖向位移均呈减小的趋势。     

沥青路面倒装结构在动载作用下的力学响应

从数理统计学原理出发,以山东省高速公路车辆出行里程实测数据为依据,选用lognormal分布函数对车辆出行里程分布进行拟合．可得出高速公路车辆出行里程服从对数正态分布的结论。     

Elastic Dynamic Stability of Big-Span Power Transmission Tower Subjected to Seismic Excitations

By combining the time-history response analysis and the eigenvalue buckling analysis,this paper developed a computational procedure to study the elastic dynamic stability of a transmission tower by APDL language in ANSYS.The influences of different input directions of seismic excitations and damping ratio on the elastic dynamic stability of tower were discussed.The following conclusions were obtained:(1) Longitudinal direction of the transmission lines is the worst input direction of seismic excitation for the transmission tower.(2) Dead load has no significant effect on the critical load and the occurrence time of buckling.(3) Vertical input of seismic excitations has no great effect on the dynamic stability of the transmission tower.(4) Damping effect has an influence on the dynamic stability of the transmission tower; however,the inherent characteristics of dynamic buckling is not changed.     

水压与外力共同作用下的岩石蠕变模型

为了更好地描述岩石蠕变的全过程以及在水压与外力共同作用下的岩石蠕变规律,对描述岩石蠕变特性的Burgers模型进行了修正.把非线形黏滞阻尼器与塑性元件并联,然后串联在Burgers模型中,从而得到修正的Burgers模型.通过分析和推导,建立了水压与外力共同作用下岩石蠕变全过程的本构方程,并给出了求解模型参数的方法.     

随机地震激励下高墩桥梁碰撞可靠度分析

为了研究不同地震动强度作用下高墩桥梁的碰撞可靠度的不同,在频域范围内提出了一种以虚拟激励法为基础的动力可靠度计算方法,依托某高墩大跨度桥梁为工程背景,分析了高墩桥梁在不同地震强度下的碰撞可靠度.选择反应谱的水平加速度作为地震强度衡量指标,且将不同强度指标的反应谱转化为相应的功率谱;利用虚拟激励法求解随机振动方程,得到结构响应的均值与均方差值,再基于Davenport理论获得结构峰值响应的期望和标准差;根据首次超越理论计算梁体碰撞可靠度.研究表明:地震动加速度小于0.22g时,梁体之间不发生碰撞,动力可靠度为1.0;加速度大于0.22g时,梁体碰撞动力可靠度下降明显,即在强震作用下,梁体发生碰撞.      

波磨轨线路上轮轨振动附加力计算

发展了考虑转向架的波磨激振计算模型。通过参数分析得到了列车速度、轮轨接触弹簧及道床弹性等对轮轨振动附加力的影响特点。波深较小时计算结果与实测数据吻合。     

独立旋转车轮动力学特性分析

同传统的整体轮对相比,独立旋转车轮由于理论上不存在轮轨间的纵向蠕滑,在理想化的、无激扰的线路上具有较高的临界速度和较好的曲线通过性能。但在实际运用中,正是由于其缺少纵向蠕滑力的特点,使轮对在直线轨道上的对中性能下降而产生轮缘接触和曲线上只能靠轮缘导向。介绍了独立旋转车轮的运用和发展,并通过计算机模拟提出独立旋转车轮有待解决的问题。     

Evaluation of Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction and Dynamic Seismic Soil Pressures Acting on It Subjected to Strong Earthquake Motions

Introduction A detailed reconnaissance survey was conduct-ed at the underground structures such as subwaystructures, mountain tunnels, multipurpose under-ground ducts and other underground structures,around the Hanshin District caused by the 1995Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake[1,2]. Among thesestructures, the Daikai Subway Station is the firstsubway structure that completely collapsed due tothe earthquake[3]. In order to clarify the dynamicbehaviors and the damage mechanism of the DaikaiSubway S…