桥梁下部结构及基础环保施工方法浅析

桥梁下部结构的设计能够切实提高整体结构的强度和稳定性,并且能够有效降低工程造价提高工程质量,提高实用性。为了保证公路桥梁的施工质量及避免其在建设、运营过程中过度破坏桥梁周边的生态环境,必须提升公路桥梁下部结构和基础的设计与施工质量。文章结合具体的工程实例,对公路桥梁下部结构的环保设计与施工进行了分析,并对其环保设定部署实施了剖析。     

软土地基桥梁下部结构设计

桥梁下部结构设计是否得当,对工程造价、质量、工期及其使用影响巨大.就目前软土地基桥梁下部结构中的几个主要问题,如型式选用、内力计算、结构配筋等结合工程实例施工中技术难题处理进行论述.     

贵州省贵瓮高速公路沿线重点桥梁设计

以贵州省贵瓮高速公路沿线重点桥梁设计为例,对沿线桥梁设计原则进行了说明,从桥型上部结构及下部结构比选、经济论证以及桥型选择等方面详细阐述桥梁的设计要点及桥梁设计依据,并对两个重点桥梁的设计进行了具体说明,从而保证桥梁设计的合理性。     

跨现有道路桥梁工程设计与研究

围绕西寇南路建设工程项目中的桥梁工程,阐述桥梁工程的概况,从沿线自然地理概况、道路以及交通的现状分析桥梁工程建设的环境,明确桥梁工程设计的原则以及桥梁上下部结构设计的方案,并以纵梁为例对框架桥梁——现浇板梁结构进行验算,将验算结果与相应的设计规范进行对照,均满足设计规范。     

桥梁抗震性及耐久性设计探究

抗震性与耐久性是衡量桥梁建造质量与安全性的主要标准。基于此,本文介绍了影响桥梁抗震性与耐久性的因素,并根据青海省桥梁的设计实例,从桥位与桥孔布设的方式、桥梁上部结构与下部结构设计的几个方面,探究增强桥梁抗震性与耐久性的设计方案。     

浅谈公路桥梁橡胶支座常见病害

桥梁支座是连接桥梁上部结构和下部结构的重要结构部件。就实际工程中支座出现的缺损,提出设计、施工需要重视的问题和优化措施。     

沿河山区重载道路桥梁设计探讨

文章参考国内新建及改扩建工程桥梁设计现状,针对天峨县云林大道旧路改扩建工程设计中遇到的问题,考虑该线路需满足龙滩水电站机组大件设备运输的需求,分别从桥梁方案与路基方案比选、上部结构的设计、下部结构的设计及路桥结合部的设计等方面进行了初步探讨,为今后相关改扩建项目桥梁的设计提供借鉴。     

横系梁对双柱式高墩桥梁抗震性能的影响分析

以具体高墩桥梁工程为例,进行了横系梁数量、设置位置及刚度等对双柱式高墩桥梁抗震性能影响的分析。结果表明,桥梁结构中的桥墩主要发挥上部荷载顺利传递至地基基础的作用,是较为重要的受力性构件;在双柱式高墩桥梁墩柱间增设横系梁能有效改变桥梁下部结构受力状态,且在地震影响下双柱式高墩桥梁结构的内力分配会因横系梁设置数量、设置位置的不同而不同,应通过横系梁结构的合理设计以充分发挥该结构消耗地震能量的作用,并确保高墩桥梁下部结构内力合理分配,提升高墩桥梁结构的抗震性能。     

桥梁下部结构稳定性分析

在桥梁施工过程中，下部结构位置的准确性对上部结构乃至全桥都有重要的作用。文章以大足朝阳桥为研究对象，采用空间实体有限元模型，分析桥墩发生偏心后下部结构的稳定性，提出了在正常运营过程中要加强桥梁养护、在施工过程中要严格控制定位误差的建议。     

哇加滩黄河特大桥下部结构施工精细化管理

哇加滩黄河特大桥是牙同高速公路控制性工程,也是青海省内首座大跨径双塔斜拉桥。该桥梁下部结构的建设过程中采取了一系列环境水资源保护措施,选用了最佳跨越黄河施工通道,承台施工选择了经济适用的钢围堰形式,制定了一系列行之有效的安全、质量管理措施,为今后类似桥梁的建设、管理工作提供了宝贵的借鉴意义。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.