回转体尾部形状对导管螺旋桨的水动力性能影响分析

不同的水下航行器尾部线型的差异不仅会表现出自身不同的水动力性能,而且由于尾部线型的不同,也会引起尾部螺旋桨附近的流场发生变化,进而影响螺旋桨的推力性能.本文以尾部安装了导管螺旋桨的Myring型回转体水下航行器组合模型为分析对象,以计算流体力学为手段,通过调整回转体线形的控制参数尾部离去角来改变尾部外形,计算了不同航速下,4个不同尾部外形的回转体阻力与设置在回转体尾部的导管螺旋桨推力状态的变化,分析了尾部曲线形状对于导管螺旋桨推力性能的影响,并结合回转体自身的水动力性能变化,针对不同航速下的回转体尾部线型的选取提出了优选方案.     

叶顶间隙对喷水推进水力性能的影响

分别以设计参数相同的混流式喷水推进泵与轴流式喷水推进泵为对象, 基于剪切应力运输湍流模型、隐式多网格耦合算法与全结构化网格, 对4种不同叶顶间隙的水力性能进行数值模拟, 分析了叶顶间隙对喷水推进水力性能的影响, 研究了叶顶间隙影响程度与喷水推进器类型的关系。研究结果表明: 2种喷水推进泵的扬程、效率均随叶顶间隙增大而减小; 随着叶顶间隙的增大, 混流泵消耗功率先增大后减小, 当叶顶间隙为1.3mm时消耗功率最大, 而轴流泵消耗功率单调减小; 混流泵叶顶间隙变化引起的喷泵效率改变量不受流量影响, 而轴流泵效率变化量随流量增大而增大, 以较大叶顶间隙为基准, 且叶顶间隙变化量相同时, 混流泵效率变化较大, 轴流泵效率变化较小; 混流泵与轴流泵性能存在差异的主要原因是外形结构不同导致间隙涡对叶顶间隙泄流的作用大小不同; 当叶顶间隙由0.7mm增大至1.6mm时, 2种喷水推进器推力效率变化量在1%以内; 随着叶顶间隙的增大, 2种喷水推进器消耗功率的变化趋势与喷水推进泵相同, 且轴流式喷水推进器总推力、功率变化幅值大于混流式, 即混流式喷水推进器对叶顶间隙变化的适应性更好。      

基于MATLAB的舰船航速性分析立体图解法

一个既定螺旋桨水动力特性数学模型是运行参数的二元函数,可由三维坐标图来表示.立体图解法就是应用MATLAB,以航速、转速和推力(转矩或功率)为坐标轴分别作出螺旋桨水动力特性、原动机外特性的函数立体图,并进行组合和裁剪,为船-机-桨工况配合特性分析提供可视化平台,立体图解法具有众多突出优点,且扩展应用范围广.     

NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL SURVEY OF CENTRIFUGAL MACHINE COMPONENTS

IntroductionCentrifugal machines are used in a wide vari-ety of products ranging from conventional waterpumps to blood pumps and space shuttle main en-gine fuel and oxidizer pumps,from squirrel cagefans to high pressure ratio gas turbine compres-sors,from tiny cryo- cooler compressors to largeindustrial petrochemical compressor stations.Thefirst centrifugal impeller with ten wooden doublecurved blades and dating back to the fifth centurywas found in 1 772 in an abandoned Portuguesecopper mine …     

地震与滑坡碎屑流引发堰塞湖涌浪动水压力研究

为了研究堰塞湖水体在地震以及同震滑坡碎屑流共同作用下产生的涌浪动水压力,设计了振动台造波模型试验,开展了地震作用下堰塞湖涌浪动水压力试验,获取单独地震作用下动水压力数据并同已有地震动水压力计算公式进行比较;开展了滑坡碎屑流作用下的堰塞湖涌浪动水压力试验,获取单独滑坡碎屑流作用下动水压力数据,进而建立了计算滑坡碎屑流作用下的堰塞湖涌浪动水压力的统计公式;开展了地震和滑坡碎屑流综合作用下的堰塞湖涌浪动水压力试验,最终建立了复合动水压力的计算公式. 研究结果表明:地震涌浪动水压力与水深和地震峰值加速度的关系可用Westergaard公式描述;滑坡碎屑流涌浪动水压力与初始水深负相关,与碎屑流入水速度和碎屑流体积正相关;复合动水压力小于单独地震动水压力和单独滑坡碎屑流动水压力二者之和,约为二者和的51%～95%.      

CFD Simulations of Oscillating Flow around Solid and Perforated Plates

Damping plates have been used for truss spars in gulf of Mexico to reduce the heave motions. The plates are usually perforated with holes for the passage of marine risers, but the effects of the perforation have not been examined thoroughly. In the present study, a computational fluid dynamics investigation into the hydrodynamic forces is carried out by using FLUENT, which is on two-dimensional perforated plates with varying degrees of perforation in oscillating flow under small Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) number. The numerical results of the hydrodynamic coefficients are presented. The effects of both the perforation ratio (PR) and KC number on the hydrodynamic coefficients of the plates are discussed. Some results of the simulated flow patterns around the plates were also given and discussed.     

Computation of the viscous hydrodynamic forces on a KVLCC2 model moving obliquely in shallow water

The viscous hydrodynamic force and moment on ships moving obliquely in shallow water axe important for ship navigation safety. In the paper, the viscous flow field around a KVLCC2 model moving obliquely in shallow water is simulated and the hydrodynamic drag, lateral force and yaw moment acting on the hull are obtained by a general purpose computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package FLUENT with shear-stress transport (SST) k-w turbulence model. The numerical computation is performed at different drift angels and water depths. The numerical results are compared with experimental results, and a good agreement is demonstrated.     

Hydraulic Geometry Relation for Navigable Canals Considering Ship Speed

Definition of hydraulic geometry of navigable canals and its expression are studied in this paper.The hydrodynamic and morphologic characteristics of navigable canals are analyzed on the basis of the data collected from field surveys conducted at two segments of the Grand Canal in Jiangsu Province,China.The channel morphologic factor and the ship hydrodynamic factor are adopted to describe the hydraulic geometry relation of navigable canals.The correlation analysis shows that the ship hydrodynamics can be a dominant factor influencing the channel evolution with larger determination coefficient.Furthermore,the undetermined index in the proposed hydraulic geometry relation is also discussed,which indicates that the index related to the intensity of water flow(qualitatively reflected by the integrated ship flow intensity)is within a range of 0.5 to 1.0.     

Identification of hydrodynamic forces on a flexible pipe near plane boundary subjected to vortex-induced vibrations

Formally,use of system identification techniques to estimate the forces acting on the beam may give information on hydrodynamic forces due to vortex-induced vibrations(VIVs),but no results from such attempts for submarine pipeline spans have been reported.In this study,a pipe model with a mass ratio(mass/displaced mass) of 2.62 is tested in a current tank.The gap ratios(gap to pipe diameter ratio) at the pipe ends are 2.0,4.0, 6.0 and 8.0.The response of the model is measured using optical fiber strain gauges.A modal approach linked to a finite element method is used to estimate the hydrodynamic forces from measurement.The hydrodynamic force at the dominant response frequency is the major concern,and the lift force and added mass coefficients are calculated.Response calculations are performed using force coefficients from the inverse force analysis and the calculated results are in accordance with the experimental data.     

制造超差对喷水推进器水动力性能影响的CFD分析

采用计算流体力学方法对喷水推进器水力性能进行了预报,以判别制造过程尺寸超差对喷水推进器水动力性能的影响.建立由喷水推进器内流场与船体外流场构成的计算区域,用6面体结构化网格划分泵内流场,采用4面体网格对进水管道和船底区域进行划分.对整个喷水推进系统的三维粘性湍流流场进行了数值计算.计算结果既可用于分析喷水推进器内部流场的流动细节,也可用于推力、功率、效率等外特性参数的预报.     

关于对流体激振及离心叶轮转子分岔特性的研究

将叶轮转子系统简化为Jeffcott转子系统,并考虑到系统流体激振力,采用短轴承非线性油膜力模型,求出了在非线性油膜力作用下的运动微分方程,采用Runge-Kutte法计算了转子在不同转速下的响应,通过分岔图,轨迹图,相图和Poincare映射图,研究了转子系统的分叉特性.并通过改变系统参数质量偏心,做了系统分岔特性的比较,结果表明流体激振力和质量偏心将影响系统的稳定性能.     

民航飞机起飞推力对油耗和排放的影响分析

起飞是飞行过程中一个非常重要的阶段。为研究起飞推力对油耗和排放的影响，基于多 种数据，建立一种耦合的起飞油耗计算方法，以广州白云机场起飞的B738、A320、A321、B737为 研究对象，比较不同方法的起飞油耗计算结果，分析推力对起飞油耗和排放的影响，并对比分析 推力调整后起飞排放的变化情况。结果表明：本文方法计算结果准确性较高，与真实数据相比，4 种机型起飞油耗平均相对差值分别为-2.32%、5.41%、2.31%和-3.80%；B738和B737随着推力的 增加，起飞油耗先减少后增加，推力在77%和81%时，起飞油耗最低；A320随着起飞推力越大，起 飞油耗越少；A321 随着推力越大，起飞油耗越多；采用推力调整后，广州白云机场 B738、B737、 A320、A321这4种机型的年起飞排放量累计可减少2499.3 t，减少率达6.4%；在各种排放物中，碳 排放量减少最多，为2471.1 t，占总排放物的98.9%，减少率达6.5%。采用推力调整减少起飞油耗 和排放对航空器节能减排有重要意义。     

非均匀流场中螺旋桨水动力及噪声特性预报研究

根据螺旋桨的型值参数,在Fluent前处理器ICEM中建立流场的网格模型,采用计算流体力学（CFD）理论,结合雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯（RANS）方程计算了螺旋桨的水动力特性.利用滑移网格技术对非均匀来流下的螺旋桨的水动力进行大涡模拟计算,并结合FW-H噪声模块对螺旋桨的无空泡噪声进行了数值预报.流场预报结果显示,流场的非均匀性导致螺旋桨水动力系数的脉动存在一定的周期性,且整个螺旋桨的水动力系数与单个桨叶之间存在一定的倍数关系;声场结果表明,低频离散噪声远大于高频噪声,噪声衰减速度随频率增大而减小,螺旋桨轴向和径向衰减速度随着距桨盘面中心的距离增大而减小,且轴向声压级低于径向两侧.     

基于计算流体力学的离心泵汽蚀原因分析

针对某型号离心泵振动超标和扬程下降的特征,采用流场数值分析的方法,分析了该泵叶轮的内部流动并得到了大量的三维湍流场的分析结果,通过对叶轮入口处的分析,证实了该泵性能下降是由汽蚀造成的初步推测,该分析结果为改进离心泵的叶型设计、提高离心泵的效率提供了理论依据．     

达州市州河大桥桥区平面二维水动力数值模拟

为研究拟建州河大桥对桥区河段水动力特性的影响,通过建立非恒定流二维水动力模型,模拟了建桥后桥区河段的水流条件并分析了建桥前后桥区河段流场的变化情况.结果表明:建桥后桥区河段水流流场变化较小,水流条件较为理想.     

蜡白土下料配比的控制

分析了叶轮给粉机白土下料系统存在的问题,选用合适的冲板流量计、变频器和控制器构成新的配比控制系统,系统投入使用表明,系统性能稳定,控制效果好。     

冲压焊接离心泵的结构分析与设计

通过对多级离心泵的性能结构进行分析,基于冲压工艺设计出冲压焊接多级离心泵的基本构成,讨论了部分零件的主要结构及其冲压工艺过程,最后将零件进行焊接并装配成完整的冲压焊接多级离心泵.并对其叶轮内流体进行CFD静压力场分析.     

Effects of Blade Loading Distribution on the Cavitation and Excitation Forces of a Tunnel Thruster

Compared with open propellers, the impeller of a tunnel thruster is more vulnerable to cavitation and structural vibration problems because the impeller is typically subject to severe non-uniformity of inflow produced by the blunt gearbox. Model tests and numerical simulations are carried out in the cavitation tunnel of Shanghai Jiao Tong University for a tunnel thruster using a "flat plate" impeller and a tip-unloaded one. The characteristics of fluctuating pressures on the tunnel wall and the resultant excitation forces are investigated. It is found that although unloading the blade tips of an impeller is effective in reducing the fluctuating pressures in a local tunnel wall area near the tips, the same trend does not apply to the case of the excitation forces. The results show that care should be taken when the experimentally measured fluctuating pressures are utilized as the input to the analysis of structural vibrations.     

THE EDDY LOSSES OF A MAGNETIC THRUST BEARING

Accurate calculations of losses associated with the operation of magnetic bearings are particularly important for high speed applications where the rotor losses are expected to be large and for some particular applications where even low power losses will be critical. Power losses in the magnetic thrust bearing is often neglected, but if there is misaligned in the rotor and bearing, the magnetic field in the thrust bearing is no longer axisymmetric one, or the dynamic control current in the winding is time dependent one, eddy currents are caused to flow inside the conducting material, then the power losses are very important for magnetic bearing design. This paper presents an analytical model of a thrust magnetic bearing, and the magnetic fields, forces and losses of thrust magnetic bearing are calculated. In the calculations the frequency of dynamic control current is up to 1 000 Hz, rotating speed is from 60 rpm to 1 200 rpm, and the non-linearity of material is also taken into consideration. The results shows that if the magnetic field is not saturation, the eddy losses is proportional to dynamic control current frequency and a square function of dynamic control current, and also 5/2 power function of shafts speed.     

刚性摆动翼翼形与其尾部流场关系的实验研究

文章为研究刚性摆动翼翼形与其尾部流场关系,制定出一套完整的实验方案,并按实验要求制作了两种形状不同的刚性翼。通过PIV测量,实验记录了摆动翼尾部流场相关数据,并分析了翼形参数对其水动力性能的影响。该实验结果为进一步推导翼形参数、运动模式和推进效率三者间数学关系提供了实验数据支持。