应用RANS(雷诺平均的纳维尔一斯托克斯方程)和动量理论进行螺旋桨诱导速度的计算研究(英文)

In order to provide instructions for the calculation of the propeller induced velocity in the study of the hull-propeller interaction using the body force approach,three methods were used to calculate the propeller induced velocity:1) Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) simulation of the self-propulsion test,2) RANS simulation of the propeller open water test,and 3) momentum theory of the propeller.The results from the first two methods were validated against experimental data to assess the accuracy of the computed flow field.The thrust identity method was adopted to obtain the advance velocity,which was then used to derive the propeller induced velocity from the total velocity field.The results computed by the first two approaches were close,while those from the momentum theory were significantly overestimated.The presented results could prove to be useful for further calculations of self-propulsion using the body force approach.     

船体曲板的双目视觉测量方法

针对船舶制造现场工作环境较为复杂和船体曲板为大尺度板的情况,提出基于结构光辅助扫描的计算机双目视觉测量方法.使用张正友标定法计算摄像机的内部参数和外部参数,在图像中根据颜色空间和形态学处理初步提取激光线,根据基于海森(Hessian)矩阵的Steger算法得到亚像素级的激光中心线,根据极线匹配方法计算激光点坐标并根据二...     

基于双目视觉的水下连接器位姿测量方法

水下连接器的对接作业是水下工程作业的重要环节,针对目前依靠摄像机传回视频进行作业过程中存在的操作难度大、依赖操作员经验的问题,设计基于双目视觉的水下连接器位姿测量方法。该方法首先根据水下连接器的颜色特征确定检测范围,之后在检测范围中以水下连接器为模板进行初步定位,然后根据水下连接器端面的成像特点检测椭圆特征,并进行双目匹配获得相关三维点坐标,最后计算得出水下连接器的位姿。实验表明,该方法位置测量平均误差1.3%,姿态测量平均误差3.5°,可以较好地为水下连接器对接作业提供参考。     

毂帽鳍对调距桨推进效率影响的数值研究(英文)

Numerical simulation is investigated to disclose how propeller boss cap fins (PBCF) operate utilizing Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method. In addition, exploration of the influencing mechanism of PBCF on the open water efficiency of one controllable-pitch propeller is analyzed through the open water characteristic curves, blade surface pressure distribution and hub streamline distribution. On this basis, the influence of parameters including airfoil profile, diameter, axial position of installation and circumferential installation angle on the open water efficiency of the controllable-pitch propeller is investigated. Numerical results show: for the controllable-pitch propeller, the thrust generated is at the optimum when the radius of boss cap fins is 1.5 times of propeller hub with an optimal installation position in the axial direction, and its optimal circumferential installation position is the midpoint of the extension line of the front and back ends of two adjacent propeller roots in the front of fin root. Under these optimal parameters, the gain of open water efficiency of the controllable-pitch propeller with different advance velocity coefficients is greater than 0.01, which accounts for approximately an increase of 1%-5% of open water efficiency.     

运用周期性边界条件预报螺旋桨的敞水性能(英文)

Mathematical models of propellers were created that investigate the influence of periodic boundary conditions on predictions of a propeller’s performance. Thrust and torque coefficients corresponding to different advance coefficients of DTMB 4119, 4382, and 4384 propellers were calculated. The pressure coefficient distribution of the DTMB 4119 propeller at different sections was also physically tested. Comparisons indicated good agreement between the results of experiments and the simulation. It showed that the periodic boundary condition can be used to rationally predict the open water performance of a propeller. By analyzing the three established modes for the computation, it was shown that using the spline curve method to divide the grids can meet the calculation’s demands for precision better than using the rake cutting method.     

粘流方法的螺旋桨尾流场数值分析(英文)

The computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method is used to numerically simulate a propeller wake flow field in open water.A sub-domain hybrid mesh method was adopted in this paper.The computation domain was separated into two sub-domains,in which tetrahedral elements were used in the inner domain to match the complicated geometry of the propeller,while hexahedral elements were used in the outer domain.The mesh was locally refined on the propeller surface and near the wake flow field,and a size function was used to control the growth rate of the grid.Sections at different axial location were used to study the spatial evolution of the propeller wake in the region ranging from the disc to one propeller diameter(D) downstream.The numerical results show that the axial velocity fluctuates along the wake flow;radial velocity,which is closely related to vortices,attenuates strongly.The trailing vortices interact with the tip vortex at the blades’ trailing edge and then separate.The strength of the vortex shrinks rapidly,and the radius decreases 20% at one diameter downstream.     

螺旋桨模型空泡筒试验的筒壁修正(英文)

本文讨论将推进器在空泡水筒中的大气试验结果换算到敞水情况的方法。文中除介绍交通大学空泡试验室采用的测速方法及对进速系数J的修正结果外,还提出了导管螺旋桨的测速、筒壁修正及导管和螺旋桨推力之间重新分配的处理方法及部分结果。     

不均匀流场中非空泡螺旋桨诱发的脉动压力场计算(英文)

本文介绍了一种基于升力线理论考虑升力面修正的准定常处理方法及相应的计算程序。应用此方法,可计算不均匀流场中非空泡螺旋桨一系列水动力性能的周向径向分布;脉动轴承力的各阶幅值及相位分布可以得解;由叶片厚度、叶片动态及静态负荷所诱发的自由空间脉动压力场利用源汇分布及压力偶极子分布亦可得解;数值计算表明该方法所计算的敞水性能及脉动轴承力与试验结果吻合良好。本方法可用于螺旋桨在均匀及不均匀流场中的性能预估及脉动轴承力六分力的理论预测,亦可用于进行非空泡螺旋桨在不均匀流场中诱发的自由空间脉动压力场计算。另外,本方法还可用于计算不均匀伴流场中各切面遭遇的脉动攻角及相应空泡数,以之作为输入数据可进一步依理论计算片空泡的几何形状,是空泡螺旋桨激振力计算的重要基础。     

深水定位系统的安全管理(英文)

Based on relevant in-service experience, this paper discusses how risks associated with station-keeping systems can be controlled through adequate design criteria, inspection, repair and maintenance practice, as well as quality assurance and control of the engineering processes. Particular focus must be placed on quantitative design for system robustness. The application of structural reliability analysis to quantify safety is briefly reviewed. In particular it was emphasized that reliability predictions based on normal uncertainties and variability yielded lower failure rates than those experienced for predictions of hulls and catenary mooring systems; gross errors in design, fabrication and operation were responsible. For this reason the broad safety management approach mentioned above was proposed. Moreover, it was found that this approach needed to be supported by a quantitative risk assessment. Finally, the challenges in dealing with the effects of human factors in risk management are outlined, along with means to deal with them in a qualitative manner, by the so-called barrier method to limit risk.     

改进的脉冲声管法(英文)

Based on existing low-frequency water-filled impedance tube testing facilities, which is a part of the Low Frequency Facility of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center in Beijing, an improved water-filled pulse tube method is presented in this short paper. This proposed study is significantly different from the conventional pulse tube method because of the capability for a single plane damped sine pulse wave to generate in the water-filled pulse tube with a regular waveform and short duration time of about 1ms. During the generation process of the pulse, an inverse filter principle was adopted to compensate the transducer response. The effect of the characteristics of tube termination can be eliminated through the generation process of the pulse. Reflection coefficient from a water/air interface was measured to verify the proposed method. When compared with the expected theoretical values, a relatively good agreement can be obtained in the low frequency range of 500-2 000 Hz.     

Design of propeller geometry using streamline-adapted blade sections

We refine the geometry of a propeller by modifying the blade sections to align them with surface streamlines, obtained by the panel method. Redefinition of the blade sections aligned with the streamlines is provided together with surface modeling scheme by which model propellers were built. Numerical simulations and open-water tests on models suggest a possible increase of 1% in propeller efficiency.     

Study on the design of propeller blade sections using the optimization algorithm

A new method for designing propeller blade sections is presented. A vortex lattice method is used to evaluate the performance and the time-dependent pressure distribution on the blade surface in a non-uniform flow, while efficient optimization algorithms are used to modify the blade sections. Two different designs were carried out in this study. The first was a design to realize a target pressure distribution in a rotating three-dimensional flow. A two-dimensional wing theory was used to obtain the target pressure distribution. The predicted increase in efficiency and the reduction in the cavity volume were confirmed by model experiments. The second was a design to maximize the propeller efficiency. By this method, the propeller efficiency was improved by 1.2% under the constrains of constant thrust and a prescribed margin for face cavitation.     

自重构变形桨叶螺旋桨气动推进优化设计方法

传统的螺旋桨推进方法对自重构变形桨叶螺旋桨的适用性较差,究其原因主要由于传统方法中的算法对自重构变形桨叶螺旋桨的结构动力参数与气动推进参数计算逻辑不相匹配,造成推进动力输出的不足。因此,提出自重构变形桨叶螺旋桨气动推进优化设计方法。首先,对自重构变形桨叶螺旋桨的结构动力进行建模,获得螺旋桨自身的结构动力参数;其次,对自重构变形桨叶螺旋桨的气动推进动力进行建模,获得准确的启动推进参数;最后,结合上述模型参数,引入气动推进中心聚类算法,对模型数据进行融合权重聚类计算,得到自重构变形桨叶螺旋桨气动推进匹配值,完成优化计算,并通过仿真实验对其可行性进行验证。     

KAMEWA调距桨桨叶的成功焊补

文中分析了工厂在KAMEWA调距桨桨叶焊补中所遇到的材质保证、焊接裂纹和变形的控制以及桨叶形状恢复等技术难题, 并详细阐述了利用工厂现有能力为解决这些难题, 恢复桨叶原有性能所采取的工艺保证措施。     

调距桨转叶力矩数值预报研究

采用RANS方法结合SST k-ω模型计算了某调距桨的敞水性能。通过对桨叶表面的压力积分得到水动力转叶力矩。对于J=0的系泊工况,采用多项式函数外插法求解水动力转叶力矩,以避免数值计算在超低进速系数条件下容易发散的问题;同时采用数值方法计算离心力转叶力矩。计算结果表明不同螺距下的敞水特性、水动力转叶力矩系数和离心力转叶力矩系数的数值计算结果与试验数据吻合较好,验证本文所提方法在调距桨转叶力矩求解的可靠性。     

可调螺距螺旋桨桨叶静平衡问题研究

阐述了可调螺距螺旋桨桨叶静平衡的要求及单个叶片静平衡试验的目的,并对单个叶片的多种静平衡试验方法进行了分析和比较。     

全方向推进器叶片调距机构设计

参照摆线推进器的叶片螺距控制机构原理以及日本川崎重工圆盘连杆调距机构原理,设计了一种新型的全方向推进器的叶片调距机构,并分别给出了工作原理和装配图,介绍了叶片调距机构的实现方法。通过进行两种调距机构的性能、造价等因素的比较,选择了圆型连杆机构作为试验模型的调距机构。     

螺旋桨叶截面空化云仿真研究

本文基于雷诺平均模拟方程(RANS方程),采用均相流空化模型和RNG k-ε湍流模型,对螺旋桨叶截面非定常空泡流动进行数值模拟。对局部层状空泡从初生、发展、断裂以及在下游高压区溃灭的周期性过程进行仿真,并将仿真结果与实验现象进行对比,对各个阶段的空化面积和空化程度进行数值统计分析。结果表明:在螺旋桨叶截面周期性云状空化流场中,90%以上高度空化区域和30%以下低度空化区域的面积变化显著,而其他空化程度的区域面积基本稳定。     

船舶螺旋桨机翼型桨叶周围粘性绕流的研究

此研究从N-S基本方程出发,采用亚格子尺度模型,运用大涡模拟方法,通过数值计算研究了船舶螺旋桨机翼型桨叶在低马赫数下的粘性绕流情况,其中包括创建模型、网格划分等,获得了速度场、压力场和涡量场等图像,对减小船舶阻力、降低振动噪声和提高船舶螺旋桨的设计水平具有十分积极的现实意义。