On-road chasing measurement of exhaust particle emissions from diesel,CNG, LPG,and DME-fueled vehicles using a mobile emission laboratory

We designed and applied a mobile emission laboratory for on-road measurements of exhaust particles emitted from conventional diesel, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and dimethyl ether (DME)-fueled vehicles. Fuel type and vehicle driving conditions significantly affected the particle size distribution and the number concentrations of the nucleation mode. For all buses, the size distributions of particles in the exhaust under idling conditions had larger mode diameters than at constant speed conditions of 50 km/h or 80 km/h. The nucleation mode (< 50 nm) fraction of diesel, CNG, LPG, and DME at a constant speed of 50 km/h was 53%, 63%, 79%, and 99%, respectively, indicating that the DME-fueled bus emitted the most nanoparticles. As the vehicle speed increased from 50 km/h to 80 km/h, the nucleation mode fraction of diesel, CNG, LPG, and DME changed to 43%, 99%, 99%, and 99%, representing a significant increase in the number concentrations of nanoparticles in the CNG and LPG-fueled vehicles. The particle size distributions in the exhaust of diesel, CNG, LPG, and DME-fueled vehicles were not affected by increase in the chasing distance.     

Numerical investigation of turbolag reduction in HD CNG engines by means of exhaust valve variable actuation and spark timing control

Turbocharging port-injected Natural Gas (NG) engines allows them to recover gaseous-fuel related power gap with respect to gasoline engines. However, turbolag reduction is necessary to achieve high performance during engine transient operations and to improve vehicle fun-to-drive characteristics. Significant support for the study of turbocharged Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) engines and guidelines for the turbo-matching process can be provided by 1-D numerical simulation tools. However, 1-D models are predictive only when a careful tuning procedure is set-up and carried out on the basis of the experimental data. In this paper, a 1-D model of a Heavy-Duty (HD) turbocharged CNG engine was set up in the GT-POWER (Gamma Technologies Inc., Westmont, IL, US) environment to simulate transient operations and to evaluate the turbolag. An extensive experimental activity was carried out to provide experimental data for model tuning. The model buildup and tuning processes are described in detail with specific reference to the turbocharger model, whose correct calibration is a key factor in accounting for the effects of turbine flow pulsations. The second part of the paper focuses on the evaluation of different strategies for turbolag reduction, namely, exhaust valve variable actuation and spark timing control. Such strategies were aimed at increasing the engine exhaust-gas power transferred to the turbine, thus reducing the time required to accelerate the turbocharger group. The effects of these strategies were examined for tip-in maneuvers at a fixed engine speed. Depending on the engine speed and the applied turbolag reduction strategy, turbolag reductions from 70% to 10% were achieved.     

雷诺全面展示节能减排解决方案

目前全世界通过互联网进行购物的人群数量越来越多,而且几乎所有的物品都可以通过网络购买到,例如书籍、CD光盘、DVD光盘、Hi-Fi音响系统、液晶平板电视机、玩具、红酒以及各类生活用品。据调查,平均每个欧洲     

天然气系统在客车上的应用

介绍了压缩天然气(CNG)和液化天然气燃料(LNG)在客车上的应用特点及布置形式,并进行LNG客车与柴油客车燃料消耗对比.     

车用稀燃增压单一燃料CNG发动机电控系统的研究

为深入研究 CNG发动机稀薄燃烧特性 ,进一步降低天然气发动机的有害排放 ,设计了车用增压天然气发动机电控系统。该系统采用高能点火模块来获得天然气着火所需的点火能量 ,电控喷射单元采用模糊控制器来获得比较精确的空燃比控制 ,实现对天然气发动机的顺序多点喷射。运用该系统对增压单一燃料 CNG发动机的燃烧和排放性能进行了试验研究 ,结果表明了该系统的有效性。     

ISG混合动力汽车整车控制器的设计

根据ISG用于带增压柴油机的混合动力汽车的特点,设计了基于CAN总线的ISG混合动力汽车的整车控制器,包括硬件的模块化设计、CAN总线的应用设计及针对废气涡轮增压柴油机的ISG混合动力汽车控制策略设计,并且详细介绍了其硬件设计方法以及部分主要模块和算法的程序流程图.实验结果表明,该控制器功能强大、性能可靠,能准确实现带增压柴油机的ISG混合动力汽车的整车控制策略.     

城市客运交通引入电动汽车二氧化碳减排量研究——以哈尔滨市为例

新能源车辆引入城市客运交通,是解决环境污染的有效方法之一.从二氧化碳排放量角度出发,通过扩展二氧化碳排放"自下而上"的研究思路和计算方法,以哈尔滨为案例计算了城市客运交通的总能耗及二氧化碳总排放量.通过分析《省级温室气体清单编制指南(试行)》计算城市客运交通二氧化碳排放的局限性,从交通使用者角度出发,即根据分车型运距、油耗、电耗、气耗等数据,计算城市客运交通的总能耗,乘以相应的排放因子,计算二氧化碳的排放量.以汽油和柴油燃料汽车作为纯电动汽车(BEV)的替代对象,考虑完全替代的极限情况,计算城市客运交通引入BEV车辆二氧化碳的减排量,并对单位能耗、单位电耗、电力二氧化碳排放因子等影响因素进行分析.通过计算可知, 2015年哈尔滨市城市客运交通排放二氧化碳总量为290.1万t,其中,汽油和柴油燃料车辆排放二氧化碳为153.9万t.考虑采用BEV车辆代替全部汽油和柴油车辆,可实现41.3万t/年的二氧化碳减排量.      

Emissions simulation in a 7000 kg-grade diesel hybrid electric vehicle

Hybrids combine a combustion engine with an electric motor and battery. The two technologies can be combined to reduce fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. This paper presents the concept of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) applied to truck or van vehicles with diesel engines. The simulation results from the advanced vehicle simulator (ADVISOR) demonstrate that the required power may be properly shared between the internal combustion engine and electric motor. The simulation can also be used to prove that the technique is useful for improvements in driving performance; additionally, the technique is suitable for hybrid electric vehicles, allowing for good fuel economy and low emissions performance.     

二甲醚—柴油混合燃料客车生命周期分析

比较了客车燃用两种不同比例二甲醚—柴油混合燃料及普通柴油的能耗与排放。结合燃料生产阶段和运输过程的数据,分析和比较了不同燃料在客车上应用的全生命周期指标。结果表明,与柴油车相比,在全生命周期内二甲醚—柴油混合燃料车的VOC,CO,NOx和PM的排放分别降低,且随着混合燃料中二甲醚比例的增加,有害排放物下降得更多,但混合燃料车的总能耗、CO2和SO2排放分别增加。     

一种中型乘用汽车表面噪声的声强测试分析

依据声强测量的原理，研究了声强测量系统在汽车噪声控制中的应用问题。对某中型乘用汽车的车外辐射噪声进行了声强测量试验，并在此基础上对该车的主要噪声进行了识别和研究，为降低该型汽车的表面辐射噪声提供了有效的参考依据。     

纯电动客车用BLDCM双闭环控制系统建模与仿真

为了给电动汽车的研发提供参考,针对某型城市公交中巴客车改装的纯电动汽车,设计了无刷直流电机（BLDCM）的车速-电流双闭环控制系统,在MATLAB环境下搭建了该系统的动态仿真模型,并从空载（负载）运行、换挡运行、循环工况运行3个方面进行了仿真试验。研究结果表明：相比于传统的仅针对电机的驱动控制系统,该系统直接以车速为控制对象,可以将整车控制与电机控制有机结合起来;测速装置从电机转移到车轮上,利于降低BLDCM的设计复杂度和制造成本;该系统的电机调速控制效果与传统的电机驱动控制系统相当,并可有效控制汽车换挡带来的车速突变、迅速响应频繁变化的车速需求,能够满足多挡位纯电动客车的城市道路行驶要求。     

CNG两用燃料汽车经济性分析

本文论述了CNG两用燃料汽车的发展现状与趋势，通过东南V5CNG两用燃料汽车的系统开发费、燃料消耗量、燃料成本与汽油车对比分析，指出CNG作为福州出租车替代燃料具有一定的经济优势和较大的环保效益，快速发展福州CNG两用燃料汽车对改善福州城市大气环境具有重要的意义。     

串联混合动力客车参数选择及仿真

以某客车为原型,结合我国城市交通和公交车辆的行驶特点,在对比分析各种混合动力系统的基础上确定了混合动力公交客车的串联混合动力驱动形式,介绍了串联混合动力汽车总成参数的计算方法,最后根据计算得到的参数使用ADVISOR软件进行了性能仿真。     

Experimental investigation and comparison of nanoparticle emission characteristics in light-duty vehicles for two different fuels

In recent years, particle number emissions rather than particulate mass emissions in automotive engines have become the subject with controversial discussions. Recent results from studies of health effects imply that it is possible that particulate mass does not properly correlate with the variety of health effects attributed to engine exhaust. The concern is now focusing on nano-sized particles emitted from I. C. engines. In this study, particulate mass and particle number concentration emitted from light-duty vehicles were investigated for a better understanding of the characteristics of the engine PM from different types of fuels, such as gasoline and diesel fuel. Engine nano-particle mass and size distributions of four test vehicles were measured by a condensation particle counter system, which is recommended by the particle measurement program in Europe (PMP), at the end of a dilution tunnel along a NEDC test mode on a chassis dynamometer. We found that particle number concentrations of diesel passenger vehicles with DPF system are lower than gasoline passenger vehicles, but PM mass has some similar values. However, in diesel vehicles with DPF system, PM mass and particle number concentrations were greatly influenced by PM regeneration. Particle emissions in light-duty vehicles emitted about 90% at the ECE15 cycle in NEDC test mode, regardless of vehicle fuel type. Particle emissions at the early cold condition of engine were highly emitted in the test mode.     

发动机悬置系统设计

发动机悬置系统是汽车振动系统的一个重要子系统,其系统性能直接影响整车的NVH性能和车辆的乘坐舒适性。柴油机工作时,引起发动机振动的主要振源是柴油机气缸内产生的点燃力。合理地选择发动机悬置的参数有利于降低发动机产生的振动向车架传递,进而提高车辆的乘坐舒适性。     

国外车用柴油机SCR技术的应用研究

机外措施是控制柴油机NOx 排放的有效措施,是柴油机排放控制的关键技术。选择催化还原(SCR)技术是降低车用柴油机NOx 排放的机外措施之一。介绍了SCR技术的理论依据、系统组成及工作原理;重点介绍了国外车用柴油机SCR技术的应用情况及还需解决的问题。     

汽油车和天然气汽车颗粒物排放特性研究

利用颗粒物数量测试仪器ELPI对瞬态循环下的汽油车和天然气汽车的颗粒物排放进行了测量研究,研究结果表明:汽油车排放的颗粒物明显多于天然气汽车,两种燃料车辆排放的颗粒物中粒径小于70nm的颗粒物均占绝对优势,占总排放量的80%～90%;大于200nm的颗粒物在总排放颗粒物中占的比例非常小;颗粒物数量排放浓度与车辆速度基本成正比例关系,颗粒物数量排放随速度的增加而增加;在车辆速度大于70km/h后,颗粒物数量排放随车速急剧增加.     

CNG汽车增大点火提前角的性能试验

针对汽车油改气后所表现出的动力下降、加速性能差及气耗大等不足,从改变汽车发动机点火提前角大小的思路着手,对所研制的点火提前角控制器的结构、工作原理及安装调试等进行了较为详细地分析。表明采用增大天然气汽车点火提前角的方法,可以在不改变原车结构的情况下,能有效地提升天然气汽车的动力,是克服天然气汽车改装后动力不足最简单和直接的手段,是保障汽车油改气之效果的必要措施。     

Development of capacitor hybrid system for urban buses

The authors have developed a capacitor hybrid vehicle equipped with a newly developed capacitor system and a miller cycle CNG engine for low floor urban buses. The CNG engine drives a generator at over 40% thermal efficiency. The newly developed capacitor system, since it has high energy and power density, is able to regenerate almost all the braking energy of a 14-ton bus at over 90% charging efficiency. The internal resistance of the capacitor system is minimized by the capacitor itself and a new capacitor connection. Furthermore, the voltage dispersion of the capacitor cells is minimized by the capacitor charging control system. The fuel economy was improved by 166% compared with the CNG low-floor bus and the vehicle efficiency reached over 45% in the M15 mode test.     

浅谈顶置天然气公交车顶盖骨架安全设计

通过对天然气公交车顶置气瓶布置形式的优势比较与顶置气瓶天然气公交车结构设计要点的分析，提出了提高顶盖结构安全方面的几条主要建议。