水下指挥控制可视化技术研究

着眼于设计并全面运行三维水下战场态势可视化软件研究。该软件运行在使用开源应用程序接口开发的多计算机平台上。开发该软件的目的是在相关战术场景中进行三维可视化场面的设计、研发和评估，以确定更具优势的三维技术。通过与目前使用的二维技术比较。确定三维技术是否能使反潜战指挥官更快更全面了解战场态势，做出更准确的战术决策。详细描述先进的三维水下定位观测系统(TALOSS)软件。该软件集成到当前的潜艇作战和火控系统中，可加快目标定位和武器分配进程，最终降低对指挥和控制人员认知能力的要求。论述该研究在当前进行的未来海军作战能力项目中的作用，将来可转变成未来海军作战能力项目中，以三维技术综合传感器到射手的战术辅助决策系统方案。     

超高硬度礁石水下凿岩除礁施工技术探索

当前清除水下超高硬度礁石的施工,通常会选择使用水下爆破施工技术,并在爆破施工后直接将礁石清除干净。但由于在爆破过程中容易产生巨大震动,且具有较高的危险性,因此对周围建筑物及施工人员的人身安全等均会造成较大安全威胁。故而本文将结合具体项目案例,探索一种全新的超高硬度礁石水下凿岩除礁施工技术,以期能够为相关人员提供必要理论参考。     

水下捕捞机器人视觉系统发展趋势分析

为突破作业环境、劳动力等因素对渔业发展的制约,解决当前水下捕捞能见度低、机器人识别分辨率低等问题,促进渔业向现代化转型升级,从学术角度梳理、分析国内外水下机器人视觉系统关键技术发展趋势,为相关研究提供参考。基于CiteSpace软件,分别选取中国知网（China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI）的数据库和Web of Science的核心数据库的文献样本,从发文量、关键词共现图谱、关键词时间线图谱等方面完成可视化分析,并对水下捕捞机器人作业环境、视觉系统技术进行阐述。发文量和关键词时间线图谱表明,国内外水下机器人视觉系统关键技术的研发均经历初始阶段、探索阶段和成长阶段。关键词共现图谱表明,人机交互、识别算法设计等方面是水下机器人视觉系统相关研究的热点。未来,水下捕捞机器人视觉系统发展应聚焦智能化、自主化,重点解决目标检测优化、水生物数据库建立、数字化系统构建等多方面难点问题。     

FPSO单点系泊系统失效数据库的设计与实现

为方便海洋结构物风险评估相关人员对失效数据的提取,设计浮式生产储油装置(FPSO)系泊设备失效数据库,通过故障模式及影响分析方法(FMEA)总结该数据库的基本数据需求,建立失效数据库的概念结构模型,并在现有的国内外数据库资料基础上收集FPSO系泊系统设备的失效模式、失效机制及失效案例等一系列数据。     

高精度水下导航定位技术在考古打捞中的应用

高精度水下导航定位技术已被广泛应用于水下工程.但在考古打捞中的应用还很少.结合某考古打捞工程,分析考古打捞的技术特点,阐述控制系统、使用设备、设备安装调试、作业过程、以及可能存在的主要问题等,全面介绍高精度水下导航定位技术在考古打捞中的应用.     

水下声信标应用现状与发展前景

水下声信标因其在飞机"黑匣子"搜寻中的成功应用而广为人知,目前已广泛应用于多种海上作业平台、设备、人员的水下示位,并逐渐在海洋开发、科研试验等多个领域发挥越来越重要的作用。本文简要介绍水下声信标的功能、分类、研发标准、产品特点与发展方向,同时简单介绍配套声信标应用的水下搜寻定位技术与相关设备。     

深水长距离动静态一体海缆安装设计

在采用深水全水下生产系统和浮式生产储油卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading, FPSO)进行油气田开发时,海流和FPSO的往复运动会给海缆带来不利影响。对此,分析海缆的水下在位形式,推荐采用深水海缆波构型。对海缆起始铺设、海缆卡子与水下基盘就位的特殊设计等海缆技术进行研究,并通过实际案例验证该海缆安装设计方法的效果。实际应用结果表明,这种方法能解决“深水全水下生产系统+FPSO”这种油气田开发形式的复杂结构和构型的海缆水下安装难题。     

在海洋石油工程项目中ROV的基本运作模式

随着海洋石油向深水发展战略的实施，以ROV和饱和潜水为载体进行实施的水下工程技术是整个深水发展中的重要环节，尤其是ROV在深水水下作业中的应用越来越广泛，贯穿于整个油气田的开发、生产和运营的各个环节中。 ROV项目管理是个崭新的课题，安排好整个ROV项目工作及最大限度地调动作业人员的工作潜能对于项目的成败显得异常关键。     

我国水下生产系统测试技术进展

水下生产系统是海洋油气田开发的主要模式之一,而水下生产系统测试是控制水下生产系统设备质量、保障水下生产系统安全运行的重要技术手段.根据水下生产系统的设计标准,论文对包括水下采油树、水下控制系统等在内的水下生产系统设备测试要求进行了阐述,针对我国当前水下生产系统技术体系,详细阐述了我国水下生产系统测试技术与测试装备的现状...     

美国水下机动无人系统能力发展新构想

美军试图通过大力发展以机动无人系统为主体的水下战无人装备,加强前沿水下无人系统预置,全力推进水下无人区域机动预警探测系统布建,重点攻关水下自主通信组网、自主协同、自主探测预警等先进技术,打造新型水下作战体系能力。本文通过解读美军近年发布的《未来海军》、海上项目增补计划、颠覆性技术领域发布的项目文件,及水下机动无人系统与技术新发展项目研发和试验中取得的一些成果,初探了未来机动无人系统能力的发展设想。     

水下管汇阀门的选型和材料要求

考虑到水下管汇在深水开发中的重要性,对水下管汇阀门的选型和材料技术进行研究,结合规范要求和实际水下工程设计经验,提出水下管汇阀门的选型设计流程以及阀门材料的技术要求。     

闭环液压系统及其对驱动器设计的影响（英文）

Hydraulic systems provide a clean and stable supply of hydraulic fluid for subsea valves and actuators installed on the subsea bed in subsea production systems.Subsea control systems are used for contemporary subsea fields instead of installing the control system on topside.Although all-electric subsea systems are state-of-the-art with benefits such as health,safety,and environment improvement,as well as efficiency and lower cost,hydraulic systems are still used for the development of many subsea fields.One of the main questions in the selection of a subsea hydraulic field is whether to choose an open or closed loop hydraulic system.The main characteristic of an open loop hydraulic system is that the hydraulic fluid is discharged into the marine environment during the actuation of the subsea valves.Conversely,the hydraulic fluid is returned to the topside facilities through an umbilical system in a closed loop system.Given that closed loop systems are more eco-friendly,the main question in this research is to examine the effect of the actuator connection of the closed loop system on actuator design.Two cases of actuated valves connected to a closed loop system are analyzed in this paper.The first is a 71/16-in.subsea slab gate valve in the pressure class of 517 bar with a linear spring return fail-safe close(FSC) actuator located on a manifold branch.The data indicates that the piston rod and cylinder diameter of the FSC linear actuator should be increased by some millimeters due to the accumulation of hydraulic oil at the bottom of the actuator.The hydraulic oil in the closed loop system helps in closing the actuator and spring force,so the spring constant and torque should be reduced as a result.The second case involves a 16-in.subsea ball valve in the pressure class of 517 bar with a double-acting fail-as-is rack and pinion actuator.The conclusion in this case is to avoid making any change in the design of double-acting actuator in connection to the closed loop system.     

水下分离器管道应力分析

为了提高深水油气田的采收率,延长油气田的开发寿命,水下分离系统的研究已经成为热点,且在北海油气田项目中已经成功地应用。水下分离系统的核心是水下分离器,分离器的正常运行对于水下分离系统的安全性和可靠性具有十分重要的意义。水下分离器管道的应力分析不同于普通的平台工艺管道的分析。介绍了管道应力的基本知识,讨论了水下分离器管道应力分析的特点,校核规范的选取,以及与平台工艺管线分析方法的区别,并且应用CAESAR-Ⅱ管道应力分析软件,通过实例阐述水下分离器管道应力分析的方法和流程。     

用于预报离岸管线膨胀的简化技术（英文）

In this study, we propose a method for estimating the amount of expansion that occurs in subsea pipelines, which could be applied in the design of robust structures that transport oil and gas from offshore wells. We begin with a literature review and general discussion of existing estimation methods and terminologies with respect to subsea pipelines. Due to the effects of high pressure and high temperature, the production of fluid from offshore wells is typically caused by physical deformation of subsea structures, e.g., expansion and contraction during the transportation process. In severe cases, vertical and lateral buckling occurs,which causes a significant negative impact on structural safety, and which is related to on-bottom stability, free-span, structural collapse, and many other factors. In addition, these factors may affect the production rate with respect to flow assurance, wax, and hydration, to name a few. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient method for generating a reliable pipe expansion design in the early stage, which can lead to savings in both cost and computation time. As such, in this paper, we propose an applicable diagram, which we call the standard dimensionless ratio(SDR) versus virtual anchor length(LA) diagram, that utilizes an efficient procedure for estimating subsea pipeline expansion based on applied reliable scenarios. With this user guideline,offshore pipeline structural designers can reliably determine the amount of subsea pipeline expansion and the obtained results will also be useful for the installation, design, and maintenance of the subsea pipeline.     

深水全电采油树控制系统可靠性评估方法（英文）

The subsea all-electric Christmas tree(XT) is a key equipment in subsea production systems.Once it fails,the marine environment will be seriously polluted.Therefore,strict reliability analysis and measures to improve reliability must be performed before a subsea all-electric XT is launched;such measures are crucial to subsea safe production.A fault-tolerant control system was developed in this paper to improve the reliability of XT.A dual-factor degradation model for electrical control system components was proposed to improve the evaluation accuracy,and the reliability of the control system was analyzed based on the Markov model.The influences of the common cause failure and the failure rate in key components on the reliability and availability of the control system were studied.The impacts of mean time to repair and incomplete repair strategy on the availability of the control system were also investigated.Research results show the key factors that affect system reliability,and a specific method to improve the reliability and availability of the control system was given.This reliability analysis method for the control system could be applied to general all-electric subsea control systems to guide their safe production.     

科研生产项目管理信息系统设计特点和功能实现

科研生产项目管理信息系统是本所办公自动化信息系统网络的一部分。该系统结合本所科研生产实际需要，以完整、可靠的科研生产信息数据库系统为基础，进行科研生产项目的综合管理。详细论述了该系统的设计思想，系统功能，数据流程及系统的各项技术特点。     

Simplified Technique for Predicting Offshore Pipeline Expansion

In this study, we propose a method for estimating the amount of expansion that occurs in subsea pipelines, which could be applied in the design of robust structures that transport oil and gas from offshore wells. We begin with a literature review and general discussion of existing estimation methods and terminologies with respect to subsea pipelines. Due to the effects of high pressure and high temperature, the production of fluid from offshore wells is typically caused by physical deformation of subsea structures, e.g., expansion and contraction during the transportation process. In severe cases, vertical and lateral buckling occurs, which causes a significant negative impact on structural safety, and which is related to on-bottom stability, free-span, structural collapse, and many other factors. In addition, these factors may affect the production rate with respect to flow assurance, wax, and hydration, to name a few. In this study, we developed a simple and efficient method for generating a reliable pipe expansion design in the early stage, which can lead to savings in both cost and computation time. As such, in this paper, we propose an applicable diagram, which we call the standard dimensionless ratio (SDR) versus virtual anchor length (L_A) diagram, that utilizes an efficient procedure for estimating subsea pipeline expansion based on applied reliable scenarios. With this user guideline, offshore pipeline structural designers can reliably determine the amount of subsea pipeline expansion and the obtained results will also be useful for the installation, design, and maintenance of the subsea pipeline.     

全电动水下控制系统及其对水下歧管阀的影响（英文）

Subsea development is moving constantly toward simplification, digitalization, and cost-out strategies because the exploration and production of hydrocarbons are moving toward deeper and remote sea water areas. Usage of all-electric subsea technology instead of hydraulic technology is growing and will be the future of subsea systems due to the former's environmental and functional advantages and reduced costs. The benefits of all-electric subsea systems are health, safety, and environment(HSE)and improved reliability, flexibility, and functionality compared with traditional hydraulic-electrical systems. Existing electrohydraulic technology for a typical subsea system, hydraulic and electric actuators, and subsea manifold valves including valve types and selection philosophy have been reviewed in this paper. Some major worldwide oil companies such as Equinor and Schlumberger have successful experiences with subsea electric actuators. Considering the benefits of all-electric technology especially in terms of cost and HSE, as well as successful experiences of two major oil companies, further research in this area is warranted. One of the gaps in existing reviewed literature is the effect of using all-electric actuators for manifold valves. Thus,three main questions related to electric actuator selection, requirement of safety integrity level(SIL), and effect of using electric actuators on manifold valve selection have been addressed and answered. Forty hydraulic actuated manifold valves from nine past subsea projects in different parts of the world, mainly Africa and Australia, have been selected for the analysis of all-electric actuators. Results show that 93% of the valves require spring-return electric actuators, whereas 7% can be operated with conventional electric actuators without any spring. The manifold valves do not require SIL certification because they are not connected to an emergency shut down system. Introducing the electric actuators to the manifold valve will not change the valve selection philosophy.     

流花4-1油田水下生产系统总体布置设计

介绍了流花4-1油田的总体开发思路(即:采用水下生产系统及依托流花11-1油田的开发模式).然后,重点从水下生产系统的总体布置设计入手,对水下生产系统总体布置三种方案(中心管汇+卫星井式的CLUSTER布置方案、基盘管汇式的TEMPLATE布置方案、管串式CHAIN布置方案)的特点逐一进行分析,并对流花4-1油田最终采用的CLUSTER方案的设计进行详细的介绍.     

水下采油树钢结构焊接残余应力消除

本文根据中国南海某气田开发项目水下采油树的应用环境及应用要求 ,对水下采油树钢结构焊接所产生的残余应力的机理、分布规律及其影响因素进行了分析,并阐述了控制水下采油树钢结构焊接残余应力的主要工艺解决措施。此基础上,将其应用于国产化备用采油树项目,满足了产品的应用要求。