Modeling and simulation of fuel cell hybrid vehicles

A comprehensive procedure for mathematical modeling and validation of a fuel cell hybrid vehicle (FCHV) is presented in this paper. The subsystems are modeled based on lab testing and in-field vehicle testing results from the Tongji University Start prototype vehicle. An FCHV-SIM (fuel cell hybrid vehicle simulation) model is then developed based on the experimental data. Model validation results confirm that the FCHV-SIM model is reasonably accurate and suitable for model-based control development.     

A human-in-the-loop wireless warning message notification model and its application in connected vehicle systems

Objective: Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication has become one of the most active fields of research recently. The implementation of the wireless connected vehicles has widely extended the transmission range of warning messages to inform drivers of hazards ahead. The present study addressed the human component with mathematical modeling of the human reaction time to warning messages in the connected vehicle systems (CVSs) with different confidence intervals (CIs). Methods: In the present study, human performance in warning responses is modeled by extending an existing mathematical model of human performance with the complexity level of tasks. The modeling of human performance with different levels of uncertainty is integrated to propose the warning message notification model in the CVS settings. The warning message notification models were proposed to model the CVSs parameters including maximum available message notification delay, the maximum available machine processing time, the minimum acceptable message notification range, and the designed message display delay. Results: The optimal designs of CVSs parameters were presented in general and for specific conditions by applying the modeling of human performance with different CIs (i.e., 95% and 99% CI) and the warning message notification model with human in the loop. A software interface with the message notification model implemented was presented to discuss the practical benefits of the current work in the design of CVSs.     

液压机械无级变速器速比自抗扰控制研究

本文中设计了一种单行星排液压机械无级变速器,并为提高其速比跟踪控制性能,提出一种带前馈的自抗扰控制算法,以实现速比的跟踪控制.首先建立系统数学模型,通过传动系统转速关系的理论分析,得到前馈控制量,进一步采用自抗扰控制器对速比进行闭环控制.接着建立系统仿真平台和原型样车,通过仿真和试验对设计的带前馈自抗扰速比控制器进行验...     

基于多目标优化的公交车调度问题的模型与算法

针对1条公交线路上的公交车调度方案,综合考虑公交公司和乘客的利益,利用多目标优化的方法建立了公交车调度的数学模型,给出了载客满意度函数和乘客等待时间满意度函数,采用了高性能的遗传优化算法对全天公交车运营的状况进行了数值模拟。仿真结果表明,选择采用将全天发车策略细分18个时段的模型,可得到最优的发车时刻策略。该模型可有效地改善公交车辆运营调度优化效果,提高公交车辆的运营效率,为城市公交车辆调度管理提供了合理、有效的调度方法。     

高速公路模糊神经网络限速控制与仿真研究

高速公路限速控制是一个非线性时变系统,难于用数学模型准确建模,提出一种模糊神经网络实现限速控制。本文阐述了网络的结构和学习算法,根据高速公路车辆群状态、路面性能、气象条件等,建立交通流速度限制模糊神经网络模型,并进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明网络训练速度快、精度高,适合交通流限速控制的在线建模。该方法切实可行,可使交通流更加均匀、稳定,从而提高主线运行的安全和效率。     

Improving the efficiency of weigh in motion systems through optimized allocating truck checking oriented procedure

In the present paper, an effective procedure is proposed to determine the best location(s) for installing Weigh in Motion systems (WIM). The main objective is to determine locations for best performance, defined as the maximum number of once-checked trucks' axle loads and minimizing unnecessary actions. The aforesaid method consists of two main stages, including solving shortest path algorithm and selecting the best location for installing WIM(s). A proper mathematical model has also been developed to achieve objective function. The number of once-checked trucks, unnecessary actions and average installing costs are defined as criteria measures. The proposed procedure was applied in a road network using experimental data, while the results were compared with the usual methods of locating enforcement facilities. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed procedure seems to be more efficient than the traditional methods and local experts' points of view.     

汽车动力性仿真与灵敏度分析

汽车动力性是汽车最重要的性能之一。为了快速、准确及有效地预测汽车动力性,建立了汽车动力性数学模型,用MATLAB软件编制了汽车动力性仿真程序。以某款微型车为计算实例进行了仿真计算并进行了动力性参数灵敏度分析,仿真结果与该车道路试验结果基本吻合,各参数对汽车动力性的影响以动力传动系的机械效率和汽车的总质量最为显著,分析结果对改善整车动力性能提供了参考。     

Designing a non-linear tracking controller for vehicle active suspension systems using an optimization process

In this paper, a new non-linear tracking controller for vehicle active suspension systems is analytically designed using an optimization process. The proposed scheme employs a realistic non-linear quarter-car model, which is composed of a hardening spring and a quadratic damping force. The control input is the external active suspension force and is determined by minimizing a performance index defined as a weighted combination of conflicting objectives, namely ride quality, handling performance and control energy. A linear skyhook model with standard parameters is used as the reference model to be tracked by the controller. The robustness of the proposed controller in the presence of modeling uncertainties is investigated. The performed analysis and the simulation results indicate that both vehicle ride comfort and handling performance can be improved using the minimum external force when the proposed non-linear controller is engaged with the model. Meanwhile, a compromise between different objectives and control energy can easily be made by regulating their respective weighting factors, which are the free parameters of the control law.     

基于遗传算法的车辆行驶速度的模糊控制研究

研究并建立车辆行驶速度控制系统的数学模型,对这一复杂的高阶、非线性、时变系统,提出一种基于遗传算法的车辆行驶速度模糊控制新方法,该方法较常规的模糊控制具有更优的控制性能。仿真实验结果表明该车辆行驶速度遗传算法的有效性。     

Urban Traffic Flow Prediction Using a Spatio-Temporal Random Effects Model

Traffic prediction is critical for the success of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). However, most spatio-temporal models suffer from high mathematical complexity and low tune-up flexibility. This article presents a novel spatio-temporal random effects (STRE) model that has a reduced computational complexity due to mathematical dimension reduction, with additional tune-up flexibility provided by a basis function capable of taking traffic patterns into account. Bellevue, WA, was selected as the model test site due to its widespread deployment of loop detectors. Data collected during the 2 weeks of July 2007 from 105 detectors in the downtown area were used in the modeling process and traffic volumes predicted for 14 detectors for the entire month of July 2008. The results show that the STRE model not only effectively predicts traffic volume but also outperforms three well-established volume prediction models, the enhanced versions of autoregressive moving average (ARMA) and spatiotemporal ARMA, and artificial neural network. Even without further model tuning, all the experimental links produced mean absolute percentage errors between 8% and 16% except for three atypical locations. Based on lessons learned, recommendations are provided for future applications and tune-up of the proposed STRE model.     

Gaussian Process Regression Feedforward Controller for Diesel Engine Airpath

Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) provides emerging modeling opportunities for diesel engine control. Recent serial production hardwares increase online calculation capabilities of the engine control units. This paper presents a GPR modeling for feedforward part of the diesel engine airpath controller. A variable geotmetry turbine (VGT) and an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve outer loop controllers are developed. The GPR feedforward models are trained with a series of mapping data with physically related inputs instead of speed and torque utilized in conventional control schemes. A physical model-free and calibratable controller structure is proposed for hardware flexibility. Furthermore, a discrete time sliding mode controller (SMC) is utilized as a feedback controller. Feedforward modeling and the subsequent airpath controller (SMC+GPR) are implemented on the physical diesel engine model and the performance of the proposed controller is compared with a conventional PID controller with table based feedforward.     

汽车半主动悬架的自适应LQG控制

本文根据汽车半主动悬轲的基本结构，通过力学分析建立了其数学模型，为了克服实际的悬架控制系统动态行的不确定性，采用了自适应ＬＱＧ控制策略。     

喷雾冷却法应用于雪山隧道降温之研究

在夏季高温国家,隧道内空气温升问题于高车流量长公路隧道为日渐重要之严肃课题,针对台湾雪山隧道研究喷雾降温系统应用于隧道降温之可行性。雾滴粒径为喷雾降温系统的重要设计因子,首先建立喷雾降温系统雾滴之数学模式计算不影响驾驶能见度之雾滴粒径,及以计算机数值分析隧道相对湿度、喷雾水量、水温及隧道风速对喷雾降温系统之影响,同时由模拟结果拟定喷雾降温系统之设计参数,并于雪山隧道内设置喷雾降温设施,进行全尺度试验。实验结果显示,喷雾降温可在不影响驾驶能见度条件下有效降低隧道温度。     

基于运输需求的基础路网规划理论与方法研究

为了解决中国公路运输的"瓶颈"问题,使运输更好地为国民经济服务,提出了基础路网的概念,分析了现有公路网的干线路网和基础路网的范畴,研究了运输需求与交通需求在作为路网规划的变量时的区别以及运输需求对基础路网布局规划的影响。以有利于国民经济和社会发展产生的运输需求为目标,构造了基础路网规划的模型和算法。规划模型以投资费用最小为前提,为缩短路网建设里程,节约建设成本,增加了费马点,并证明了该方法是有效的。开发了模型与算法的集成软件ArcGIS,使得整个规划过程的计算与分析数据化,结果可视化,并对模型和算法的效果进行了验证。分析结果表明:规划后的基础路网使用效率能相对保持在70%～80%这一理想范围内,能够清楚地反映研究区域运输需求的要素。因此,基于运输需求来规划基础路网可行。     

基于扩展状态观测器和滑模控制的双离合器自动变速器起步自适应控制

双离合器自动变速器（Dual Clutch Transmission,DCT）随着服役时间的增加离合器性态会发生变化导致起步性能下降,为降低离合器性态变化对起步性能的影响,提出一种基于扩展状态观测器和滑模控制的DCT起步自适应控制方法。首先,建立DCT起步动力学模型、发动机模型和液压控制系统模型;将DCT起步问题转化为参考轨迹跟踪问题,通过工况识别并利用极小值原理获得了不同起步工况的参考轨迹;在DCT起步动力学模型中将与离合器性态变化相关的项定义为不确定项,设计扩展状态观测器对不确定项进行估计,同时结合自适应滑模控制器,获得了起步发动机转矩和离合器油压的自适应控制率;为了跟踪发动机转矩和离合器油压的自适应控制率,设计了发动机转矩跟踪控制器,同时对液压系统采用了PID闭环控制;通过MATLAB/Simulink平台仿真以及台架试验验证所提出的DCT起步控制方法对离合器性态变化的自适应效果。研究结果表明：所提出的起步自适应控制方法能够有效避免由离合器性态变化导致的起步延时,同时1挡缓起步和急起步的仿真冲击分别减小了53.11%和43.42%,试验起步冲击分别减小了35.66%和30.31%。     

土-结构相互作用的桥梁多尺度建模与分析

考虑土-结构相互作用(SSI)是地震激励下桥梁抗震性能评估的热难点之一.由于考虑土体影响多而建立的结构模型计算耗时极长,为了提高效率,现采用一致多尺度建模方法,将所研究部位建为实体单元,其他部位建为梁单元,单元之间采用适当的方法进行界面连接,保证宏观、精细单元间的变形协调,并对某一桥梁进行分析,验证了该方法的正确性.在此基础上,基于多尺度建模方法,建立三跨连续梁桥模型,对其进行弹塑性时程分析,对比分析考虑SSI和不考虑SSI效应的桥梁模型在地震激励下的响应结果,研究SSI效应对桥梁抗震性能的影响.结果表明:多尺度建模方法可以在保证计算精度的前提下有效地提高计算效率;考虑SSI效应能够有效地降低桥梁的抗震性能需求.因此,在设计时应加以考虑.     

带随机网络时滞补偿的测功机动态负载模拟

本文研究了控制网络传输时滞影响下测功机加载控制算法。首先,针对一款前驱电动汽车,建立车辆与台架动力学动态耦合模型和服从均匀分布的随机网络诱导延时数学模型。其次,为改善测功机网络控制系统负载模拟性能,提出了一种基于预测控制结构的随机网络诱导延时补偿算法;接着通过系统增广将随机系统跟踪控制问题转化为鲁棒镇定问题,并分析系统H∞性能,通过非线性优化问题得到系统控制增益。最后,进行了防抱死制动控制台架测试的仿真,结果表明:提出的方法可大幅提升测功机负载模拟精度。     

Interaction study of train-bridge-track systems using Maxwell model

The investigation of problems related to the interaction of train, bridge and track systems has been accelerated by the emergence of high-speed trains. Such studies are required, not only for the endurance issues regarding bridge and tracks, but to assure trains' functionality and performance. The suspension mechanism of train systems is of prime importance in defining the functionality of high-speed trains, and accurate mathematical models of the mechanism are imperative. This paper introduces a numerical technique for an interaction study of train-bridge-track systems based on Maxwell (three-element type) modeling of the suspension mechanisms of vehicles. Track irregularity in sinusoidal form is also integrated into the mathematical model. Although the proposed technique is simple in formulation, it offers phenomenal accuracy in representing the interaction of train, track and bridge systems. In a numerical example, the dynamic behavior of a train-bridge system has been studied. Results of this analysis provide a valuable insight into the contributing roles of different parameters in this subject.     

基于整车多自由度的电动助力转向系统建模与仿真

在电动助力转向系统（EPS）的数学模型和整车八自由度模型基础上,建立了基于Matlab／Simulink的电动助力转向系统仿真模型。基于扭矩输入对电动助力转向系统应用PID进行助力控制。仿真结果表明,所设计的电动助力转向系统在改善转向轻便型和路感的同时,具有很好的抗干扰性能,能提高汽车行驶的操纵稳定性和安全性。     

透水铺装雨水入渗模型与影响因素相关性研究（双语出版）

为了更加准确快捷地预测透水铺装内部的雨水渗流过程，探究降雨参数与路面设计参数对其渗流性能的影响，提出透水铺装雨水入渗模型，并针对影响因素的相关性进行研究。首先，基于地区水文气象资料与路面材料渗透特性，利用数学模型对降雨阶段关键参数进行量化研究，并从降雨强度与材料渗透能力的角度对雨水入渗的物理过程进行分阶段刻画，最终建立透水铺装雨水入渗-储水-排空模型。其次，针对该模型的诸多输入参数，进行正交设计试验计算各参数与径流控制率的相关性，寻找关键控制指标；基于该结论拟定典型透水铺装结构组合，选择不同降雨重现期、降雨历时与时程雨型等模拟工况对水位高度、蓄水能力等进行验算与评价。结果表明：所建模型与文献数据具有较好的吻合性，NSE指数可达0.45以上；路基土的渗透系数与路面径流控制率显著相关，暴雨工况下随着路基土渗透系数的降低，地表径流占比达到30%以上，并且几乎丧失连续储水能力，而路基土饱和渗透系数的影响性较小；溢流管可有效减少地表径流量，降低溢流风险，在极端暴雨条件下设置溢流管的道路可削减60%的地表径流，并具有50%以上的连续储水能力；时程雨型对路面渗流特性的影响较为复杂，雨峰出现时间在控制地表径流与延缓径流峰值两方面呈现相反的规律，因而需要根据当地降雨资料与设计要求进行权衡。