张力腿平台水动力响应分析

张力腿平台作为一种典型的深水浮式平台,具有半顺应半固定的运动特征.本文以1000米水深TLP平台为例,详细叙述了TLP平台水动力分析的过程和方法,包括有限元模型的建立,水动力特征的计算,水动力荷载响应的计算以及运动响应分析.     

西非海域TLP辅助钻井时的系泊设计及计算分析

介绍辅助钻井技术(Tender Assisted Drilling, TAD)的概念和发展历程,概述其特点和主要应用优势。以张力腿式平台(Tension Leg Platform, TLP)为例,选择一种适用的半潜式辅助钻井平台,尝试将TAD应用于西非海域。给出TLP的主要尺寸和辅助钻井平台的主要性能数据,根据二者的总体布置设计辅助钻井作业时的系泊系统,该系统包括辅助钻井平台的系泊缆、TLP的回拉缆和两平台间的连接缆。对辅助钻井时的2个浮体进行时域耦合水动力分析,针对西非海域的海况特点定义有强阵风和无强阵风2种计算工况。计算分析预报两平台的最小间距、吊桥最大行程和各缆索最大张力等,并考虑一缆破断时的情况。分析结果表明,系统各项指标基本符合设计要求,在西非海域对TLP应用TAD是可行的。     

南海“浅深水”海域经典TLP平台整体运动性能分析

干式采油树应用于海上油气开发具有特定的优势,张力腿平台(TLP)作为重要的浮式干树开发平台具有广泛的应用。联系到我国海上油田具体特点及TLP平台所具有的诸多优势,未来TLP平台将是中国南海油气开发不可或缺的平台类型之一。本文针对经典TLP在中国南海北部“浅深水”(水深330m)油田千年一遇环境下整体运动性能与张力腱系统响应情况进行了研究,对TLP平台进行了全耦合时域计算分析,并对平台运动、张力腱响应及平台甲板气隙等进行了分析校核。分析结果表明：千年一遇生存条件下,平台张力腱系统安全;平台水平偏移较大,对立管设计挑战较大;平台甲板气隙较为临界,存在甲板上浪风险。     

张力腿平台结构主体规划设计

本文讨论了张力腿平台结构主体规划设计方法,并以1000米水深的传统TLP平台为例,从设计水压头、应力计算、梁格选取等方面,介绍了确定TLP平台主结构尺寸的方法,设计出合理的平台结构形式,最后阐述结构主体规划设计的重要意义.     

张力腿平台总体规划与重量控制

本文讨论了张力腿平台总体规划和重量控制方法,并以1000m水深的TLP平台为例,从工艺流程、设备布置、总体重量控制和船体静力平衡等方面,介绍了TLP平台布置的基本流程,通过分析,得出较合理的平台总体规划.最后阐明了总体规划在TLP平台设计中的重要性.     

一腱断裂下深水张力腿平台非线性动力响应及系泊特性研究

张力腿平台采用特殊的垂直系泊系统,属于半顺应半刚度式平台,平台主体-系泊系统-立管之间的耦合动力响应是张力腿平台设计的关键,直接影响平台的安全性和可靠性。文中首先采用数值模拟和模型试验相结合的手段对一座工作水深为500m的张力腿平台运动响应和系泊特性进行了对比验证,模型缩尺比为1：40,试验在上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室进行,数值计算采用SESAM软件。在试验验证的基础上重点对一腱断裂的前、后平台水动力性能进行了对比分析,重点关注有义波高、特征周期以及浪向角等因素对六自由度运动响应以及张力腿张力特性的影响。     

张力腿平台的水动力及结构力学问题

与固定式平台不同,张力腿平台(TLP)是一个浮式结构,具有六个运动自由度.TLP的动力响应按照频率范围可分成三种波频响应、低频响应和高频响应.由于这三种响应对TLP的整体性能均有重要影响,所以进行波浪载荷计算时都需考虑.TLP本体主要构件的构造形式与导管架式平台很不相同.TLP平台本体部分主要是由较大直径的,内壁附有很多纵、横桁材和加强筋的加筋圆柱及加筋板构成.这使TLP的结构分析方法与导管架式平台有较大区别.此外,TLP的张力腿是固定式平台所没有的关键构件,涡激振动是其中的主要问题,必须考虑.根据作者的了解,对上述问题进行了简要评述.     

一腱断裂下深水张力腿平台非线性动力响应及系泊特性研究（英文）

张力腿平台采用特殊的垂直系泊系统,属于半顺应半刚度式平台,平台主体-系泊系统-立管之间的耦合动力响应是张力腿平台设计的关键,直接影响平台的安全性和可靠性。文中首先采用数值模拟和模型试验相结合的手段对一座工作水深为500m的张力腿平台运动响应和系泊特性进行了对比验证,模型缩尺比为1:40,试验在上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室进行,数值计算采用SESAM软件。在试验验证的基础上重点对一腱断裂的前、后平台水动力性能进行了对比分析,重点关注有义波高、特征周期以及浪向角等因素对六自由度运动响应以及张力腿张力特性的影响。     

500 m水深张力腿平台总体运动性能分析

为了验证张力腿平台在中国南海500 m水深下的环境适应性,采用时域耦合分析的方法分析500 m水深下张力腿平台的总体运动性能,重点分析张力腿平台关键运动参数,如平台水平位移、升沉运动、气隙和筋腱张力等,基于模型试验修正的数值分析,结果表明,张力腿平台在南海500 m水深下具有良好的运动性能,可以满足作业要求。     

张力腿平台顶张紧式立管强度分析

顶张紧式立管（Top Tensioned Riser,简称TTR）是张力腿平台（Tension Leg Platform,简称TLP ）的关键部分之一。根据API RP 2RD 规范,探讨了TLP平台TTR的总体强度分析方法,并以中国南海某油田环境条件为基础,采用单层管等效模型模拟多层管TTR,利用Orcaflex软件对TTR总体强度进行了分析,同时探讨了采用规则波或不规则波以及内孤立波对立管应力分析结果的影响,对今后TTR的研究和设计具有一定的参考作用。     

A study on TLP hull sizing by utilizing optimization algorithm

This paper reports a study on hull sizing for tension leg platforms (TLPs) using an optimization model. At the conceptual or basic design stage of an offshore platform project, hull sizing is one of the most important tasks, having a great impact on later stages of the project. Hull sizing is usually done by an engineering team combining several disciplines and taking account of factors including hydrodynamics, global performance, stability, and structure. This makes it difficult and time-consuming to optimize the hull dimensions. In this study, hull sizing was modeled as an optimization problem in which a range of design criteria had to be satisfied and an objective function minimized. Sizing was then performed using optimization algorithms. For each module, the result calculated by our method was compared with that produced by commercial software (DNV Sesam). Our system was tested for conventional TLP design in three specific metocean environments. Finally, our optimized hull shape was compared with an existing TLP, and the difference in hull shape demanded by each environment was analyzed.     

基于顶部张紧式立管动力分析的关键参数研究

文中提出了一种适用于工作于南中国海张力腿平台(TLP)的顶张紧式立管(TTR),并利用有限元软件ABAQUS/AQUA对该立管进行了模拟分析,计算用以预测立管波浪飞溅区和立管下部区域在波浪以及平台联合作用下的影响。计算时采取时域计算方法,计算过程中考虑了几何非线性的影响。并在计算完成TTR在位动力分析的基础之上,做了一定量的参数敏感性分析,重点考察立管侧向位移,弯矩以及等效应力水平对TTR一些重要参数的敏感性。结果表明,计算顶张力TTR动力分析时,必须考虑平台侧向位移跟轴向位移的耦合作用,立管响应受其顶部TLP平台以及张力比TTF的影响较大。随着立管顶部张力比TTF的增加,立管的变形逐渐变小,但顶部张力的增加同时增加了立管内部的等效应力,立管设计时应充分考虑到这两者之间的"平衡"关系。     

张力腿平台筋腱连接器的结构设计

针对500 m水深张力腿平台实际尺寸及载荷要求,设计一种适用于40 in筋腱的筋腱连接器。顶部连接器通过抱夹卡瓦与筋腱连接,底部连接器采用旋转式锁紧机构,两者通过柔性体来提供柔性连接。柔性体采用14层钢板及15层橡胶的设计,可以在承受1 458.8kN·m转矩的同时,实现最大12°的转角。抱夹卡瓦选用10mm间距及40°夹角的卡环,可以与筋腱稳固啮合。仿真结果表明,采用现有材料的柔性体和抱夹卡瓦均满足Survival海况的使用条件,为我国首座TLP平台的筋腱设计提供了可靠的解决方案。     

基于响应分析的张力腿平台设计方法（英文）

The typical industry practice for Tension Leg Platform(TLP) design focuses on a conventional short-term design recipe, which assumes that an N-year design environment leads to an N-year response. In the response-based design method, the TLP is designed to withstand N-year responses rather than respond to N-year environmental conditions. In this paper, we present an overview and a general procedure for the response-based design method and use a case study to compare the critical TLP responses between the two methods. The results of our comparison show that the conventional short-term design method often contains an element of conservatism and that the response-based design method can reduce the design conditions and thereby achieve cost savings.     

Response-based analysis for Tension Leg Platform

The typical industry practice for Tension Leg Platform (TLP) design focuses on a conventional short-term design recipe, which assumes that an N-year design environment leads to an N-year response. In the response-based design method, the TLP is designed to withstand N-year responses rather than respond to N-year environmental conditions. In this paper, we present an overview and a general procedure for the response-based design method and use a case study to compare the critical TLP responses between the two methods. The results of our comparison show that the conventional short-term design method often contains an element of conservatism and that the response-based design method can reduce the design conditions and thereby achieve cost savings.     

张力腿平台系泊风险评估方法研究

文章结合模糊综合评判法、层次分析法以及概率论提出了一种风险分析的评估方法,识别了系泊中的风险因素,建立完善了相应的风险评估指标体系,并将其应用于设计中或已服役作业的张力腿平台系泊风险评估。将不同风险评估结果视为风险的总体的随机样本,用概率论和置信区间对风险评估结果进行置信度评价。克服了单一评价方案主观性太强的弱点,使评价更具有客观性和可信性。经过分析和计算实例表明,该系泊风险评估方法是适用和有效的。利用获取的评价结果,识别设计或已建成服役的张力腿平台系泊风险指数高的风险因素,并采取有效措施,加强培训及时检修设备,以防止意外的发生。结合一型设计中的张力腿平台,应用文中提出的数值风险评估模型对该平台的系泊系统进行了风险评估。结果表明该方法可以对张力腿平台的系泊风险评估中的主观因素进行客观有效的评估。并可以推广应用于其他海上结构物的风险评估问题中。     

TLP型风力机的空气动力学影响及发电预测(英文)

This research proposes a new offshore wind energy generation system that uses a tension leg platform (TLP) and describes experiments performed on a TLP type wind turbine in both waves and wind. The following conclusions can be made from the results of this research. 1) In the case of coexisting wave-wind fields, the wind effect stabilizes the pitch motion. 2) The wind effect decreases vibration of the mooring lines when waves and wind coexist. In particular, the springing (2nd or 3rd order force) also decreases in this field. 3) It can be estimated that the reduction in the rate of generation of electrical power can be up to about 6% as a result of the heel angle. In addition, the annual amount of electricity generated was estimated along with the utilization factor based on the experimental results.     

Second-order perturbation added mass fluctuation on vertical vibration of tension leg platforms

Total motion in waves can be considered as a superposition of the motion of the body in still water and the forces on the restrained body. In this study the effect of added mass fluctuation on vertical vibration of tension leg platforms (TLP) in the case of vibration in still water for both free and forced vibration subjected to axial load at the top of the leg is presented. This effect is more important when the amplitude of vibration is large. Also this is important in fatigue life study of tethers. The structural model used here is very simple. Perturbation method is used to formulate and solve the problem. First- and second-order perturbations are used to solve the free and forced vibrations, respectively.