短环形燃烧室双燃料燃烧流场污染物排放研究

污染物排放研究一直都是燃气轮机燃烧室的热门课题。本文研究了短环形燃烧室分别混烧氢气和裂解气后对NOx排放的有利影响和不利影响。添加的氢气质量分数分别为1%和10%,添加的裂解气质量分数分别为1%、10%和15%。比较了使用不同燃油方案的燃烧室流场结果,分析了燃烧效率、出口温度、NOx排放与其他燃烧室性能参数。结果证实氢气可有效改进燃烧效率,但同时其易燃性与极快的化学反应速度又会导致火焰温度升高以及NOx排放量增大,这一点违背了降低排放的初衷。而混烧裂解气既可保留氢气的优点,同时组分水蒸气的存在又能吸收高温区部分热量,降低火焰温度,有利于降低NOx排放。从而使得燃烧室在保持较高的燃烧效率和较低的出口温度的同时,NOx排放量不会剧烈增加。     

某船用中速柴油机排放特性试验

对某船用中速柴油机的电控化改造前按推进特性进行了排放试验.试验分析结果表明:该机低转速、低负荷区CO排放浓度低,HC排放浓度高,而高转速高负荷区CO排放浓度高,HC排放浓度低;NOx排放浓度最高位于800r/min附近,而NOx比排放随转速和负荷的升高而降低,其变化趋势主要受油耗率的影响.试验结果可供相关技术人员参考.     

喷油正时对柴油机燃烧和排放性能影响的试验分析

试验分析喷油正时对柴油机燃烧及排放特性的影响规律。分析表明:喷油正时对柴油机燃烧和排放性能有着显著影响,随着喷油正时提前,缸内燃烧压力升高,压力升高率峰值增大,燃烧放热率峰值增大、燃烧始点提前,缸内燃烧温度升高;NOx排放随喷油正时提前明显升高,说明喷油正时滞后是降低柴油机NOx排放的有效措施。试验结果可为柴油机电控参数标定提供参考。     

掺烧乙醇/水对柴油机燃烧与排放性能的影响

针对TBD234V6型柴油机,采用AVL-fire软件对额定工况下,不同乙醇/水掺混比进行三维数值模拟研究,对比分析缸内压力、缸内温度、缸内温度场、燃烧放热率、NOx浓度、NOx浓度场、Soot浓度、Soot浓度场,并通过赋权法确定最优乙醇/水掺混比。结果表明：随着乙醇/水掺混比的增加,缸内压力逐渐升高,燃烧放热率滞后,燃油消耗率呈上升趋势,但在0E10W时,最高燃烧压力下降率约为3.7%;燃油消耗率下降0.38%;缸内高温分布区域缩小,NOx和Soot浓度下降。通过计算确定最优掺混比为20E10W,此时,最高燃烧压力提升5.6%,燃油消耗率上升2.41%,NOx排放下降率约为18.8%,Soot排放下降率约为29.6%。研究结果可为船用柴油机采用柴油/乙醇/水三燃料燃烧提供一定的指导依据。     

掺烧生物柴油结合相继增压技术对柴油机性能影响试验研究

本文基于TBD234V6型柴油机,将原单涡轮增压改为双涡轮增压进行掺烧生物柴油试验。配置生物柴油体积掺混比为0%,5%,10%,15%,20%,25%共6组生物柴油掺混比,选取10%,20%,30%,40%,50%,60%,70%,80%,90%,100%共10个工况点进行试验。结果表明：相继增压柴油机生物柴油掺混比为0时,在10%～40%负荷,较原机相比,最高燃烧压力增大,油耗降低,NOx和Soot排放下降;在50%～100%负荷,最高燃烧压力与原机相比略微下降,燃油消耗率、NO_X和Soot排放略优于原机。但增大生物柴油掺混比,相继增压柴油机最高燃烧压力下降,油耗增加,NOx排放升高,显著改善Soot排放。基于试验数据,建立多目标灰色决策模型,计算得到相继增压柴油机生物柴油最佳掺混比为25%。     

柴油机使用柴油/甲醇双燃料降低排放的试验研究

在4100AD柴油机上采用组合燃烧方式,即低负荷时发动机仅燃用柴油,中等以上负荷燃用柴油与预混甲醇,对发动机排放性能进行试验研究.试验表明,在额定转速下,喷醇发动机与原柴油机相比,NOx和碳烟排放大为改善,而THC排放有所增加,低负荷工况对CO排放有一定改善.     

涡流比对柴油机NOx排放的影响

利用KIVA-3V程序模拟了柴油机的燃烧过程,通过改变涡流比的大小计算了缸内燃烧的压力、温度和有害物质NOx的生成浓度。通过对柴油机燃烧过程的模拟计算可分析得出,当涡流比增大时,NOx排放值升高,表明减小涡流比可以降低NOx的排放。但是,燃烧室内的涡流过强和过弱对发动机的性能都是不利的,对具体的燃烧室结构和喷油系统,合理匹配涡流运动十分必要。     

燃油系统参数匹配优化对船用柴油机性能影响及试验研究

采用试验与仿真结合的方法研究电控化改造对柴油机性能的影响。分别用AMESim和AVL_FIRE仿真软件建立燃油喷射系统模型与柴油机缸内燃烧高压循环模型,以喷油压力为优化目标对喷油参数进行匹配,并将优化结果代入到燃烧模型中计算分析。以优化结果为基础进行台架试验,分析电控化改造对柴油机经济性和排放性的影响。研究结果表明,对于15mm×2.5mm×0.40 mm/°CA×0.30mm×900mm(柱塞直径×油管直径×凸轮型线速率×喷孔直径×油管长度)的组合(试验号8),喷油压力相对于原机提高了40.2%。试验号8的台架试验表明:油耗率有所降低,且在低速低负荷工况下油耗率降低较显著;对于NOx排放,电控化改造后试验号8的NOx排放浓度在负荷特性工况和推进特性工况下相对于原机平均降幅分别在50%以上。     

进气氧浓度和EGR对船用二冲程柴油机排放特性影响研究

以MAN 6S35 ME-B9型船用二冲程柴油机为研究对象,在GT-POWER软件中建立其工作过程一维模拟计算模型,通过改变EGR率和进气氧浓度,研究废气再循环和进气氧浓度对柴油机动力性、经济性和排放性能的影响。结果表明,提高EGR率会降低柴油机燃烧速率和燃烧温度,有效降低柴油机NOx生成及其排放,EGR率在28.89%～38.58%之间,NOx排放为3.04～1.34 g/kW·h,满足TierⅢ标准,但需要牺牲一部分经济性与动力性。贫氧进气条件下,燃烧温度和燃烧速率降低,输出功率降低,燃油消耗增加,NOx排放降低,碳烟排放较高;富氧进气条件下,柴油机燃烧趋于完善,能量利用率高,动力性和经济性好,Soot排放低,但NOx排放高。高EGR率条件下,在一定程度上提高进气氧浓度,可使柴油机NOx排放满足TierⅢ排放要求,并维持Soot排放在较低水平,同时减少动力性、经济性的损失。     

高压共轨船用柴油机燃烧与排放数值研究

为研究高压共轨船用柴油机燃烧与排放特性,应用CFD软件fire对某型船用柴油机喷雾燃烧进行了三维数值模拟。计算得到了不同轨压和不同喷油提前角下的燃油液滴分布、当量比分布、缸内燃烧温度和压力分布,以及NOx和soot质量分数分布等,同时还得到了油耗与指示功率值。对比研究了共轨压力和喷油提前角对燃烧和排放的影响。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。