Structural analysis of 3D high-speed train–bridge interactions for simple train load models

Three-dimensional models are developed for analysing the dynamic interaction that occurs between high-speed trains and bridges. The reliability and accuracy of developed models are verified by comparing the results from analysing field tests on high-speed trains. A number of train load models are proposed and their performances are compared in order to identify possible models that would reduce the computational and modelling efforts while maintaining suitable accuracy. The results show that at least 16 cars out of a 20-car train should be modelled to achieve results that are comparable to those obtained using the highly detailed 20-car model. Regarding the simplified train load model, more accurate results are obtained employing the 3D moving vehicle model for power cars, the heaviest cars of a high-speed trainset, and a moving force model for other cars, power passenger cars, and passenger cars, compared with highly detailed 20-car model.     

乘用车传动系与底盘的技术特征

通过对全球乘用车传动及底盘结构进行统计分析,给出了乘用车驱动方式与车长、手动变速器与车长、自动变速器与车长、前单横臂后扭力梁组合与车长、前单横臂后多连杆组合与车长、前双横臂后多连杆组合与车长、装空气弹簧车辆与车长关系的统计数据。论述了乘用车不同车身形式所采用的弹性元件与稳定杆类别,以及乘用车所采用的不同制动方式。     

一种三轮客车用的新型传动系统

本项目应用于三轮客车、正三轮客车和四轮沙滩车,它带有倒档和2个前进档的变速器安装在差速器半轴全浮式驱动桥主传动锥齿轮轴上。与传统传动系统相比,车辆输出转矩和速度变化范围扩大,整车动力性和经济性得到提高。     

汽车无级变速器传动性能评价系统研究

根据无级变速器电子控制单元的控制算法,结合试验数据,建立了无级变速器(CVT)性能评价系统中的驾驶员模型、发动机模型、无级变速器模型与整车动力学模型。同时给出了各个模型在Simulink中具体的建模方法。最后,针对具体车型,建立了该车型的CVT传动性能的评价系统。     

乘用车滑行阻力与传动系阻力的研究

从汽车滑行运动微分方程入手,利用滑行数据,提出了一种计算汽车滑行阻力与速度关系的新算法,又分别计算得到试验乘用车滑行过程中的滚动阻力、空气阻力和传动系阻力,并且分析了传动系阻力随速度的变化规律。     

轿车差速器模糊优化设计

将模糊优化设计方法应用于轿车差速器设计中，利用模糊优化理论，较全面地分析了影响轿车差速器圆锥齿轮传动的各因素的模糊性，建立了以轿车差速器体积最小为目标的模糊化化设计的数学模型，并进行了实例计算。     

Modelling and analysis of the crush zone of a typical Australian passenger train

In this paper, a three-dimensional nonlinear rigid body model has been developed for the investigation of the crashworthiness of a passenger train using the multibody dynamics approach. This model refers to a typical design of passenger cars and train constructs commonly used in Australia. The high-energy and low-energy crush zones of the cars and the train constructs are assumed and the data are explicitly provided in the paper. The crash scenario is limited to the train colliding on to a fixed barrier symmetrically. The simulations of a single car show that this initial design is only applicable for the crash speed of 35 km/h or lower. For higher speeds (e.g. 140 km/h), the crush lengths or crush forces or both the crush zone elements will have to be enlarged. It is generally better to increase the crush length than the crush force in order to retain the low levels of the longitudinal deceleration of the passenger cars.     

纯电动客车传动系统的技术研究

随着全球变暖和石油危机的加重,近年来,世界各国开始开发新能源汽车。新能源汽车是指以新能源(包括电能、太阳能、燃料电池等)为动力,降低传统汽车对石油资源的依赖,减少环境污染,是今后汽车工业发展的方向。而我国一直在推广纯电动客车的发展,但还存在核心技术、资源投入以及统筹协调等方面的问题,只有有效提升动力电池、驱动电机、传动系统等关键零部件工程化和产业化,掌握纯电动客车的信息化和智能化等核心技术问题,才能促进纯电动客车的良性发展,更有效推动我国自主研发纯电动客车同国际先进水平接轨。为了有效提高纯电动客车的运行性能,需要通过对传动系统进行有效控制,匹配其实际行驶状态,针对不同运行道路智能调节,使纯电动客车舒适性、经济性、安全性等达到有效发挥。本文将简单对纯电动客车传动系统的技术进行分析,探讨纯电动客车传动系统技术研究和优化措施,促进纯电动客车设计与制造技术水平的优化和提升,使其更有助于符合现代的实际应用。     

Advanced vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks with the perspective of road safety

ABSTRACT

This paper presents state-of-the art within advanced vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks with the perspective of road safety. The most common accidents with heavy trucks involved are truck against passenger cars. Safety critical situations are for example loss of control (such as rollover and lateral stability) and a majority of these occur during speed when cornering. Other critical situations are avoidance manoeuvre and road edge recovery. The dynamic behaviour of heavy trucks have significant differences compared to passenger cars and as a consequence, successful application of vehicle dynamic functions for enhanced safety of trucks might differ from the functions in passenger cars. Here, the differences between vehicle dynamics of heavy trucks and passenger cars are clarified. Advanced vehicle dynamics solutions with the perspective of road safety of trucks are presented, beginning with the topic vehicle stability, followed by the steering system, the braking system and driver assistance systems that differ in some way from that of passenger cars as well.     

探讨客车不锈钢车身制造工艺

随着海外出口客车量的增加,海外车辆对于客车车身防腐的要求也越来越高。不锈钢材料在客车车身上应用技术日益成熟,为满足海外客车的防腐要求,不锈钢做为客车车身材料的应用也越来越广泛。本文主要阐述客车不锈钢材质选择、车身设计结构、车身制造工艺难点和控制。     

Simulation of Vehicle and Power Steering Dynamics Using Tire Model Parameters Matched to Whole Vehicle Experimental Results

This paper uses simulation to investigate how vehicle loading conditions (driver only, passengers, cargo, and fuel) affect power steering system and overall vehicle dynamics. Our purpose of the study was to evaluate the power steering system model for possible use in the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS). The effects of changing loading conditions on inertial properties of passenger cars have been found experimentally using a Vehicle Inertia Measurement Facility (VIMF). This paper presents simulation results using a vehicle handling model combined with a power steering system model and a nonlinear tire model. A crucial part of this project was the adjustment of certain parameters of Pacejka's tire model in order to match simulation results with experimental measurements of vehicle and power steering variables in transient maneuvers.     

Simulation of Vehicle and Power Steering Dynamics Using Tire Model Parameters Matched to Whole Vehicle Experimental Results

This paper uses simulation to investigate how vehicle loading conditions (driver only, passengers, cargo, and fuel) affect power steering system and overall vehicle dynamics. Our purpose of the study was to evaluate the power steering system model for possible use in the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS). The effects of changing loading conditions on inertial properties of passenger cars have been found experimentally using a Vehicle Inertia Measurement Facility (VIMF). This paper presents simulation results using a vehicle handling model combined with a power steering system model and a nonlinear tire model. A crucial part of this project was the adjustment of certain parameters of Pacejka's tire model in order to match simulation results with experimental measurements of vehicle and power steering variables in transient maneuvers.     

用于大型乘用车的传动带驱动电动转向

传动带驱动技术（有时候也被称为齿条驱动）,使得EPS系统用于较大重量的车辆成为可能,这里提到的较大重量的车辆包括中级乘用车、小型及轻型货车、小型及中型运动型多用途车。     

Modelling and control of a new differential steering concept

This paper presents a new steer-by-wire concept using an all-wheel drive vehicle layout with in-wheel motors while completely omitting the application of any dedicated steering device. Steering is based on the so-called differential steering principle which generates the necessary steering moment about the kingpins by a traction force difference between left and right sides of the vehicle. In order to investigate the behaviour of the vehicle and to design the underlying control algorithms, a planar vehicle model is presented, where the vehicle is described as constrained non-holonomic system requiring a special treatment. A state feedback linear controller for controlling of the lateral dynamics of the vehicle at higher speeds and a simple PI angle controller for low-speed manoeuvring are developed. The resulting behaviour of the system is investigated by various simulation experiments demonstrating a comparable steering performance of the new steering concept as that of conventional passenger cars.     

轿车轴间制动力分配要求的试验研究

本文在切诺基吉普车实车试验的基础上，结合其它轿车的试验结果，对制动标准中有关轿车轴间制动力分配的要求进行了研究。结果表明，为获得良好的制动稳定性，较高的制动效能，增加前轴制动力，减少后轴制动力是现代轿车轴间制动分配设计的发展趋势；要求过大的后轴制动力，在常遇路面上强力制动，将会导致后轮首先抱死，与ＥＣＥＲ１３要求不相符。     

对制动标准中关于轿车轴间制动力分配要求的探讨

本文通过17辆典型轿车制动力分配的计算,对ZBT24和GB7258标准中关于轿车制动力分配的要求进行了较为全面的比较、分析和评价。分析结果表明,与GB7258标准相比,ZBT24标准对轿车制动力分配的要求制定得更为完善合理。为了进一步完善GB7258标准,本文对GB7258标准有关轿车制动力的要求提出了修改的初步建议。     

客车前风挡玻璃粘接力计算分析

随着客车技术的渐渐成熟,人们对客车的安全系数有了越来越高的要求。尤其对于在公路上高速行驶的客车来说,安全因素是考虑的首要因素。以下针对客车前风挡玻璃在高速行驶,紧急制动情况下受力状态加以阐明。     

Possibilities to improve the ride and handling performance of delivery trucks by modern mechatronic systems

The ride and handling qualities of conventional delivery trucks are wores compared to modern passenger cars. However this vehicles have the power to drive as fast as passenger cars. Vehicle comfort and driving safety are mostly influenced by vertical accelerations and vehicle movements caused by pitch and roll motions. In the paper “Vehicle Dynamics with Adaptive or Semi-Active Suspension Systems – Demands on Software and Hardware” Wallentowitz and Ridlich have shown at AVEC'94 in which way tyre stiffness, shock absorber characteristics, spring stiffness and unsprung mass have an influence on vehicle comfort and active safety. They achieved these results by the theoretical analysis of a quarter-vehicle-model. Their examinations are extended in this paper on the model of a complete delivery truck. By the use of the multibody-simulation tool SIMPACK the road performance of a delivery truck will be analysed. Therefore a complex model of the vehicle has been built up in SIMPACK. Several computer simulations have been carried out to analyse the vehicle comfort and handling characteristics in different standard driving manoeuvres.Furthermore, the potential of improvements is shown by simulating different driving manoeuvres with the complete vehicle model by varying some vehicle characteristics such as tyre stiffness, shock absorber characteristics, spring stiffness and unsprung mass.In addition to that, simulations with models of unconventional spring- and damper-systems have been carried out to demonstrate the potential of improvements by the use of these systems. Two different controller algorithms for a semiactive and an active suspension system have been used an will be compared in this paper.     

2车碰撞事故下5座乘用车乘员死亡风险分析

为探究5座乘用车乘员在2车碰撞事故下的死亡风险,研究了6种单一特征变量对乘员致死率的影响,进而基于二项Logistic回归模型分别对单一特征变量和组合特征变量进行显著性分析。通过9种常用的分类算法,结合网格搜索的调参方法,以F1为衡量指标选出相对较优的3种分类算法,即投票分类器、梯度提升及决策树,来构建多特征组合下的死亡风险预测模型。研究结果表明:①单一特征变量中行驶方向、路段类型、碰撞对象、乘坐位置对乘员死亡有显著影响。其中,异向行驶的车辆碰撞与同向行驶相比,乘员的死亡风险增加72%;非高速交叉路段与高速路段相比,乘员的死亡风险降低69%;碰撞对象为商用货车、商用客车的乘员死亡风险分别是乘用车的5倍和3倍,若在非高速非交叉路段发生碰撞则乘员死亡风险升至8倍左右,若在高速路段则高达15倍左右;相对于驾驶位乘员,副驾驶位乘员的死亡风险增加70%,且该位置乘员的死亡风险在高速路段会升高到驾驶位乘员的近4倍;②碰撞对象和路段类型是影响乘员死亡情况的主要特征变量;③由模型的预测结果可知:5座乘用车的正面或后面与商用货车在高速路段或非高速非交叉路段发生碰撞,乘员的死亡风险高于生存几率。      

论纯电动乘用车总装生产线的设计

总装生产线设计开发是总装工程的重要内容。文章结合纯电动乘用车的结构特点及工艺要求,对其总装生产过程进行了深入研究及思考,然后以生产线设计步骤为主线,着重分析了基本信息的收集、工艺流程及主线的设计、工艺设备及工艺布局的选择等关键环节,最终提出了纯电动乘用车总装生产线设计工作的方法及要点,这些方法及要点对于总装生产线规划与设计具有一定的实用价值,能有效地保证开发质量、缩短开发周期、降低设计成本。此外,对于企业加快形成更加科学化、高效化、规范化的汽车总装生产新局面有积极的指导意义。