船舶在港停泊时间的因素分析

分析船舶在港停泊时间的长短，对船舶运营和码头经营的效益，具有十分重要的意义。从船舶在港停泊时间的基本含义入手，通过对船舶在港停泊时间的构成分析，提出了明确的缩短船舶在港停泊时间的具体办法。     

更节能更高效——希腊船东表示，集装箱船将从新的节能设计中获得最大利益。

“集装箱船舶将受益于节能高效的船舶设计。集装箱船无论对干散货船或者油轮来说都具有压倒性优势，在一定范围内能够产生巨大的经济效益。”希腊船东Technomar现任掌门人GeorgeYouroukos表示，新的节能设计可以为船舶节省燃油，每艘干散货船或者油轮每天能够节省大约4-6吨燃油，集装箱船则可能节省高达30吨的燃油，这是因为集装箱船引擎最为强大。     

5月份干散货船闲置数量上升

根据权威机构最新统计，尽管5月份煤炭和铁矿石运输需求带动运价快速上涨，但当月干散货船闲置数量却同比有所增加。5月份全球1万吨以上干散货船运力，按停泊35天以上口径统计，闲置艘数达到382艘，比4月底的314艘增加22％。其中，灵便型船闲置艘数增加了36艘，巴拿马型船闲置数增加17艘，海岬型船增加7艘。尽管目前干散货运价已经创下8个月以来的新高，但由于中国国内港口拥堵严重，候泊的海岬型船已超过78艘，     

船舶修造

宝钢拟再订大型干散货船 宝钢计划通过其在香港合营的宝运公司再订造5艘16万载重吨和6艘25万吨级干散货船(预计造价6亿美元),以运输其所需的铁矿石。目前我国一些钢铁厂致力展自己的干散货     

考虑货量的集装箱班轮营运成本优化

针对集装箱班轮单航线同型船的运输优化问题,考虑航线港口时间窗和货量的影响,建立以航线营运成本最小为目标的优化模型,设计和应用向上取整的遗传算法,通过算例分析验证模型的有效性。结果表明:燃油价格上升或货量增加时,最优配船数量会随着燃油价格的上升在一定范围内保持不变,总体随着燃油价格的增加而增加;最优航速在配船数量不变时基本上保持不变,受港口时间窗的影响,各段最优航速均不相同;主机总燃油成本在配船数量不变时会随燃油价格的上升而增加,但在配船数量增加的转折点处会随着燃油价格的上升而下降;总营运成本是否增加主要取决于最优航速下燃油成本的节约量与增加配船对应固定成本的增加量两者之间的博弈。     

《船海工程》2007年总目次

栏目及篇目作者期数页码·船舶设计·沿海成品油船船型开发调查研究………………………………………………马坤,常会青,…田本涛1 1湘西水路快捷高效客运系统总体布局分析……………………………………………周志中,…尹云开1 5随机模拟在干散货船运输效益分析中的应用………………………汪敏,陈顺怀,张伟,…孙兵1 8核主成分分析方法在船型方案综合评价中的应用……………………………李冬琴,王丽铮,…王呈方2 1江海直达干散货船(队)运输竞争力评价指标体系分析………………………………汪敏,…陈顺怀2 4 ZS-800型水面清漂船的开发设计………     

40万吨级超大型散货船运输经济性分析

为研究40万吨级超大型散货船运输的经济性,通过分析其单位运输成本以及运输成本对整个产业链和海运航线的影响,提出大型船舶运作模式在减少压港、降低运输成本、控制市场价格以及打造亚洲铁矿石分销中心等方面具有重要意义。40万吨级超大型散货船的使用,给航运界带来深远的影响。     

一枝独秀不成林

2009年上半年航运市场可谓“冰火两重天”，三大主力船型走出了不同的市场行情：油船运输市场低位震荡下行，集装箱船运输市场连续下挫，干散货船运输市场则逆势大幅上扬。诚然，干散货船运输市场的无限风光在宛如死水般的航运市场中激起一阵涟漪，也给匍匐前进的运价带来了一丝抬头挺胸的冲动，但仅仅因为干散货市场的一枝独秀而断言航运市场全面复苏还为时尚早。     

一枝独秀不成林

2009年上半年航运市场可谓“冰火两重天”，三大主力船型走出了不同的市场行情：油船运输市场低位震荡下行，集装箱船运输市场连续下挫，干散货船运输市场则逆势大幅上扬。诚然，干散货船运输市场的无限风光在宛如死水般的航运市场中激起一阵涟漪，也给匍匐前进的运价带来了一丝抬头挺胸的冲动，但仅仅因为干散货市场的一枝独秀而断言航运市场全面复苏还为时尚早。     

8月国内船舶买卖：市场疲软，低迷持续

沿海货船 虽然政策方面利好消息不断，但由于电煤消耗逐渐走低，沿海运输市场需求疲软，煤炭运输价格再次下滑。散货船买卖市场方面，询盘量有所增长，中大型散货船的船东开始抬高报价。     

挖掘机动臂焊接生产线物料配送方案设计仿真优化

以规划设计阶段的某型号挖掘机动臂焊接生产线为例，研究离散事件仿真平台Plant Simulation在挖掘机动臂焊接生产线物料配送方案设计中的应用。挖掘机动臂焊接生产线采用有轨制导车（Rail Guided Vehicle，RGV）作为输送单元。分析生产线的调度控制策略，按随机作业、行驶距离最短和等待时间最短设计3种RGV物料配送方案，并对方案进行建模仿真。分别以产量最大化和工位负荷均衡为目标，分析不同优化目标下的最优物料配送方案，优化后的年产量提高475个且各工位负荷均衡，可为企业智能化生产线物料配送方案的选择和建设提供理论依据和科学指导。     

Price formation of dry bulk carriers in the Chinese shipbuilding industry

In this paper, we present, for the first time, the price formation of Chinese dry bulk carriers based on the historical shipbuilding contract prices. Price determinants include generic market factors as well as Chinese elements. Principal component regression analysis is employed as the solution for the multicollinearity problem among explanatory variables. The result indicates that the time charter rate has the most significant positive impact on shipbuilding price; increases in three other factors, namely the cost of shipbuilding, the price-cost margin and the shipbuilding capacity utilisation, have positive influences in the descending order. Unlike the traditional perception of newbuilding price that shipbuilding cost has the most significant effect, we assert that the most important role the time charter rate plays is attributed mainly to the ‘China Factor’ in the bulk carrier sector. In addition, simulations are performed to investigate what would happen to the Chinese dry bulk carrier prices under changes in the time charter rate and shipbuilding cost. The findings are useful for Chinese shipyards, shipowners and emerging shipbuilders.     

Techno-economic study of LNG diesel power (dual fuel) ship

This article mainly proposed three technically effective alternatives to comply with the emission control regulations and laws in shipping. Liquefied natural gas (LNG)-diesel dual fuel power technology was introduced through feasibility study on several aspects including research development, retrofitting methods, vessel type, safety issues, and other technical characteristics. Based on sample ship and route, economic evaluation was conducted on these three alternatives. Cost-effectiveness of each project was detailed in the calculation of net present value (NPV) and payback time via discount cash flow method. The findings show that LNG-diesel dual fuel power technology performs best among three alternatives. Due to the impact of fuel price, two scenarios were carried out in sensitivity analysis which witnessed a variation of NPV with the fluctuation of fuel price. Further study shows the turning point between project (i) and project (iii) with different discount rate and the interaction between discount rate and fuel price, left project (ii) the least cost-effective solution in three alternatives.     

金枪鱼围网渔船技术经济分析

对金枪鱼围网渔船作了技术经济分析,指出金价与资源情况对金枪鱼围网渔船的净现值（ＮＰＶ）有着较大的影响,燃油价与渔港至渔场的距离对ＮＰＶ只有中等程度的影响,停港天数及造价系数对ＮＰＶ的影响不大;同时围网渔船相对于每种鱼价,每种资源情况及每种渔港至渔场的距离都有一最佳船型区。     

Simulation on progressive collapse behaviour of whole ship model under extreme waves using idealized structural unit method

To ensure the safety of navigating ship, working loads and structural load-carrying capacity are two important aspects. In the present paper, a total simulation system combing load calculation and structural collapse analysis is applied to simulate progressive collapse behaviour of a single-hull Kamsarmax type bulk carrier. A three dimensional singularity distribution method is adopted to calculate pressure distribution with time history. A mixed structural model, collapse part simulated by ISUM elements and remaining part by elastic FEM elements with relative coarse mesh, is proposed for collapse analysis. Progressive collapse behaviour obtained by ISUM is good agreement with that by nonlinear software package, MARC. However, the calculation time of ISUM analysis is about 1/70 of MARC analysis. The applicability to structure system, high accuracy and sufficient efficiency of ISUM had been demonstrated.     

反舰导弹武器系统的跟踪系统作战反应时间分析

由于跟踪系统搜索,截获和跟踪目标反应时间服从斯威林分布,在利用蒙特卡洛法对连续随机变量进行模拟时,采用了ITM逆转方法。运用上述方法对反舰导弹武器系统的跟踪系统作战反应时间进行分析研究,得到了较好的仿真结果。     

沿海干散货船的船价影响因素及概率统计分析

由于船舶的投资额很大,所以航运企业在做投资决策之前对船价的影响因素做系统的分析,并对其进行准确的估计,对航运企业来说是至关重要的。本文分析了近几年沿海干散货船舶市场的影响因素,并运用概率统计的方法给出了近期船价的概率分布模型。     

Exploring vessel-price dynamics: the case of the dry bulk market

We investigate second-hand vessel price heterogeneity. Based on a sample of 5,591 purchase and sale transactions in the dry bulk sector over the period 1998–2016, we deploy a nonparametric regression technique to assess the determinants of vessel price and vessel price variability. Next, we use quantile regression to estimate the effect of regressors (sources of heterogeneity) at different parts of the vessel price distribution. We find evidence that main sources of vessel price heterogeneity are the age of the ship (the older the vessel the higher its maintenance cost), the 3-month LIBOR (reflecting the cost of financing) and the annual charter rate (revenues from operation). Their influence is stronger at all higher quantiles (periods of expansion) and the median of the vessel price distribution.     

基于马尔可夫过程的搜索力最优化模型研究

在引出马尔可夫搜索模型的基础上，探讨了一种有效的目标搜索方法，达到了优化搜索过程，提高搜索效率。应用最优搜索理论，导出了待搜目标服从均匀分布，正态分布时搜索力的最优配置预测分析，给出搜索力分配的新数学模型及数学规划解析。上述理论和方法为搜索力如何实施最优化搜索提供了一定的理论依据。     

Shipping economics: where we are and looking ahead from an institutional economics perspective [1]

There have been significant changes in the nature of shipping services in recent years. These have been most notably in the liner segment, but other parts of the market have not remained static. Technology shifts have been responsible for some of the change, but there have also been developments in institutional structures and managerial approaches. The economic drivers behind the sector, however, remain relatively poorly understood, despite a copious literature on shipping. Managerial economics has tended to put emphasis on the emergence of more sophisticated logistics structures and the role of information to tighten the overall supply chain. Industrial economists have been concerned with technical change and in particular with its interaction with more liberal markets structures. Often tied with this has been interest in the underlying nature of shipping markets (e.g. competitive, monopolistic or contestable) and, depending on the outcome, whether there is price leadership, collusion, predatory behaviour or whatever. Much of this work has been aspatial, treating shipping as any other industry with distance between demand and supply ignored or incorporated in a very simplistic manner. Environmental economists have focused on matters of fuel efficiency and pollution. This paper takes a broad overview of shipping economics in the context of the larger institutional framework within which it operates. It seeks broader analysis within an institutional economics framework, but also highlights some of the problems of achieving this.