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我国目前没有建立公路隧道安全等级划分与设防标准,设计和管理人员只能依据自己经验和认识程度进行设计和管理,运营安全隐患多。在分析公路隧道安全分级影响因素的基础上,参考世界各国关于公路隧道安全分级与设防标准的研究成果,结合我国公路隧道建设与管理的实际状况,研究符合我国国情的公路隧道安全分级与设防标准,并针对后续研究提出建议。 相似文献
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《现代隧道技术》2020,(3)
在公路隧道设计和施工中,准确的隧道围岩分级是评价隧道稳定性、确保隧道建设与运营安全的前提。在近水平红层公路隧道的施工中,采用现行公路隧道围岩分级方法对近水平红层围岩进行分级,分级结果与围岩自稳能力所反映出的隧道实际围岩级别之间有很大差异。文章在分析近水平红层公路隧道围岩工程特性的基础上,研究了造成分级结果差异的原因,尝试对围岩分级指标中的地下水影响修正系数进行修正,增加了层厚影响系数,使现有公路隧道围岩分级方法适用于近水平红层公路隧道的围岩分级。利用实际工程对分级指标的适用性进行初步验证,采用修正后指标进行围岩分级得到的结果,能够满足近水平红层公路隧道设计与施工中对围岩稳定性评价的要求。 相似文献
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《现代隧道技术》2017,(2)
结合汶川地震灾区公路隧道震害资料,文章制定了公路隧道震害量化指标并进行分级,对汶川地震公路隧道震害规律进行了研究。研究结果表明:隧道衬砌开裂长度占隧道总长度比例最高,二次衬砌垮塌及仰拱错台长度次之;多数震害类型在V级围岩中发生的比例均高于其它级别围岩;X、XI度地震烈度区,断层段破坏程度最严重,其次是洞口段;震害严重程度随震中距增加而迅速衰减,发生严重以上震害的隧道集中于10 km以内,近三分之二发生于20 km范围;坚硬岩体中的隧道,震害程度随埋深增加而减轻,软弱围岩中的隧道,震害程度与埋深关系不明确;发生严重以上震害的隧道,实际地震烈度均高于设防烈度,出现中等震害的隧道,近三分之二的隧道实际地震烈度高于设防烈度;隧道轴线与发震断层交角为60°~90°,震害严重,轴线与发震断层交角为30°~60°,震害相对较轻;防水板致使初期支护和二次衬砌在地震时不能协同工作,增加震害风险。 相似文献
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超长公路隧道日益增多,文章从隧道地质、快速施工、运营通风、防灾救援及行车安全五个技术方面作了论述且指出需要进一步研究的问题,以期推动超长公路隧道建设管理水平.实践表明.我国从设计、施工到运营管理已完全具备超长公路隧道建设相应的技术水平,也存在不足.从交通运输效益、生态环境保护、国民经济的可持续发展等角度看,采用长隧道方案要有利得多. 相似文献
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随着我国经济建设的发展,公路隧道,尤其是高速公路隧道和一、二级公路隧道的建设越来越普遍,并且呈现数量多、埋藏深、长度大的特点。因此,对隧道进行超前地质预报和围岩分级也就显得越来越重要,目前我国交通部编写的规范中详细介绍围岩分级的主要有《JTJ 064-98公路工程地质勘察规范》和《JTG D70-2004公路隧道设计规范》。以沪蓉西高速公路扁担垭隧道为例,对新旧两种公路隧道围岩分级规范进行了比较,分析了新旧规范在此隧道中的适用性,探讨了其各自的特点、不足和今后围岩分级的发展方向。 相似文献
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Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD). An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip. It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links. 相似文献
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《Transportation Research Part A: General》1991,25(6):407-418
The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda. 相似文献
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介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。 相似文献
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天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本. 相似文献
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This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress. 相似文献
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Joseph N. Prashker 《Transportation》1979,8(4):329-346
Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area. 相似文献