公路环形交叉口延误模型研究

为了解公路环形交叉口的运行状况,需对其进行延误研究。运用间隙接受理论,通过概率分析方法,考虑公路环形交叉口多种混合车型条件下的延误,在此基础之上建立公路环形交叉口的延误模型。应用该模型,得出延误理论值,与实际调查所得延误值进行对比分析,证明该模型的可行性。     

城市环形交叉口通行能力及改善对策研究

环形交叉口经常成为城市道路交通的瓶颈。该文详细探讨了无信号控制环形交叉口通行能力的计算方法及其适用条件、优化方法、改善策略。根据环形交叉口的具体情况,分析了环形交叉口的交通组织设计,确定了信号灯的相位配置及主要交通参数。结果表明,其对环岛交叉口改善具有可实施性。     

Factors with the greatest influence on drivers' judgment of roundabouts safety. An analysis based on web survey in Italy

The aim of this paper is to identify the roundabout geometric characteristics affecting the safety perception while the typical maneuvers (entry, circulation, exit) are being carried out. The tool used was an on-line questionnaire, filled out by about 1.650 respondents. Four different dimensionality reduction methods (Cluster Analysis, Correspondence Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis) were used to analyze the data collected from the survey, in order to examine the key factors affecting the safety perception during the typical roundabout maneuvers. The considerations arising from the final model are the following: 1) the respondents' opinions regarding the safety perception of maneuvers are not preconceived ideas, but they originate from specific safety perceptions due to roundabout geometric configurations; 2) the users prefer definitely single lane roundabouts; this is an important confirmation of most results in the literature; 3) it was quantified the extent of the relationship between the safety perception of the typical roundabout maneuvers and the following aspects: a) maneuver type, b) geometric characteristics of the roundabouts design elements. This is the innovative aspect of the present research whose results have implications regarding theory, infrastructure and the application of new safety technologies.     

环岛交通量获取方法研究

环岛交通量不易观测,尤其是多进口道大型环岛获取各流向交通量存在困难.为此引入双约束重力模型,考虑环岛掉头交通量,根据少量调查数据求解环岛各流向交通量,为获取环岛交通量提供一种简便的方法,结果验证合理可行,对于环岛交通量调查有一定参考价值.     

Mining of the association rules between driver electrodermal activity and speed variation in different road intersections

It is commonly acknowledged that the human factor and the interaction between the human factor and the road environment are among the most common causes of road accidents. Physiological signals can provide a real-time assessment of the driver's state because they can be collected continuously without interfering with the driver's task performance or the drivers' perception of the road. This study presents a method for measuring and quantifying drivers' physiological responses when approaching T-junctions and roundabouts using electrodermal activity and speed variations. Speed and electrodermal activity were collected continuously during a driving study which took place on a test environment based at Cranfield University and surrounding roads. Twenty participants were involved in the study. The analysis focused on four crossing manoeuvres on two T-junctions and a roundabout. The association Rule with the Apriori algorithm was used in order to evaluate associations between the variables related to electrodermal activity, i.e. the number and amplitude of the SCR peaks (assessed by the Electrodermal Impact Index in aggregate form), and the variables related to speed, i.e. the speed variation and its sign (positive or negative), for each type of intersection. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows: 1) the rules obtained for the manoeuvres on the T-Junctions show that the T-junctions induce low variations in the electrodermal activity and are often associated with a significant speed increase (between 20% and 30%); 2) the rules obtained for the manoeuvres on the roundabout highlights that the roundabout induces high variations in the electrodermal activity and is associated with a significant speed reduction (between 20% and 40%).     

环形交叉口多车型混合车流的通行能力模型

已有的环形交叉口通行能力模型是假设车流为单一车型车流,而实际运行的车流多为混合车流,因而建立多车型混合车流的通行能力模型是十分必要的。本文运用间隙接受理论,通过概率分析方法,考虑环形交叉口多种混合车型条件下的通行能力,从而建立了环形交叉口的通行能力模型,并且通过迭代得出环形交叉口混合车流条件下总的通行能力,发展了混合车流通行能力理论。通过与已有模型的通行能力和观测通行能力的对比分析可知,该模型的理论通行能力与观测通行能力更加吻合,并为环形交叉口通行能力计算提供了理论依据。     

环形交叉口待行区设置与信号控制方法

为解决环形交叉口左转通行能力不足的问题,提出一种借助内侧环道与外侧环道设置左转待行区和直行待行区,并建立环道交通信号与进口道交通信号协调控制的环形交叉口信号控制方法。在饱和度等约束条件下,基于进口道停车线和环道停车线后不同的交通状态建立相应的延误计算模型,以延误最小为优化目标建立信号控制参数优化模型。案例分析表明：当左转交通量低于左转二次停车控制法适用的左转临界值时,所提出方法的延误较高;而当左转交通量高于该临界值时,左转二次停车控制法的延误快速上升并高于所提出方法的延误,且将导致环道锁死,而采用该方法仍能稳定运行,验证了提出方法的有效性。进一步分析进口交通量、不同类型环道数量和环岛半径等差异对所提出方法控制效益的影响,结果表明：随着环形交叉口进口交通量增大,该方法适用的临界左转比例随之降低;当进口交通量的左转比例低于临界左转比例时,交叉口处于非饱和状态且延误低;反之,交叉口处于过饱和状态且延误高。当左转交通量高于450 veh·h^-1时,增加左转环道有利于降低车均延误;而当直行交通量高于1 150 veh·h^-1时,增加直行环道效果更佳。当进口交通量小于800 veh·h^-1时,环岛半径对交叉口延误影响不大;而一旦进口交通量高于800 veh·h^-1后,环岛半径对车均延误的影响随进口交通量的增长愈加显著,环岛半径越大,交叉口车均延误就越高。     

环形交叉口的信号控制方法研究

基于信号2次控制模式的基本原理,对十字环形交叉口左转2次控制方法在交通设施布置和相位协调设计等方面进行改进,使其可用于多叉、中心环岛不规则等复杂环形交叉口的信号控制,并通过实例加以验证。其中,在环道相位之间通过绿灯间隔时间进行协调设计,可以使车辆连续通过相邻环道信号灯,减少车辆在环道上停车待行的次数,从而提高交叉口通行效率。     

环形交叉口交通信号控制改造设计——以来安城南交叉口为例

结合安徽省来安县城南环形交叉口的改造工程实践,分析比较几种改造设计方案,提出环形交叉口改信号控制交叉口具体方案,并利用微观交通仿真软件进行效果评价。改造设计显著提高了交叉口的通行效率。     

武汉鲁巷广场综合交通规划与设计研究

武汉鲁巷广场位于中国光谷的中心地带,是六条道路的交汇点,中央形成交通及景观环岛。该文从分析周边的路网特征、环岛交通现状和土地利用对交通的影响出发;在借鉴国内同类型环岛规划的基础上,综合城市的总体发展战略、土地利用规划、综合交通规划等各方面,探讨了环岛广场在规划设计过程中所涉及的交通衔接、土地利用、规划调整和工程设计等一系列问题及其解决方案。     

信号控制环交中心岛半径与交通运行关联性研究

环形交叉口引入信号控制后,其交通运行状况发生了很大改变.由于相关理论研究的不足,导致交叉口时空资源没有得到充分利用.文中将中心岛半径作为关键参数,研究其与信号控制环形交叉口交通运行的关联性.首先从静态分析入手,得出不同中心岛半径信号控制环交的环道排队容量;随后进行动态分析,确定信号控制基本参数值;最后评价其交通效益指标,分别通过理论分析和计算机仿真的方法研究中心岛半径对通行能力和车辆延误的影响,得出不同环交中心岛半径对信号控制环交的适用性.     

无控改为信控后环形交叉口调头车流控制方法研究

随着环形交叉口交通量的增长，交通问题日益突出。交通设计和信号控制是缓解交通问题和改善交通现状有效技术措施。通过分析环形交叉口交通流特性采取措施，可控制右转、直行、左转3种车流在环道内通行，而对调头车流的控制有一定的难度。为此，结合信号控制方法分别介绍在环内、环口和环外对调头车流控制的几种方法。     

西大直街与红军街环形交叉口交通延误问题分析

为了改善哈尔滨市西大直街与红军街环形交叉口交通阻塞的状况,对发生交通延误的西大直街处出口方向进行调查。通过分析调查,列出三种解决方案,分别是增加信号灯;拆除前方信号灯,在入口处安置信号灯;加护栏,禁止行人横过,行人可以进入地下通道。从行车顺畅、行人安全、造价低等方面经过比选提出最佳解决交叉口交通拥堵问题的方案。     

应用车辆自动辨识系统评估干道时制重整绩效

政府单位面临到都会区道路壅塞问题,目前多利用时制重整的方式进行改善,时制重整实施的过程中,需透过绩效评估的方式,检视时制重整计画是否达成预期目标．文中透过都会区建立之旅行时间系统,应用智慧型的路侧设施：车辆自动辨识系统,作为时制重整绩效之依据．时制重整过程中．依据程序性方式进行,分别为群组划分、时段划分、时制计画设计、时制下载与微调以及续效评估等步骤实行,亦比较浮车法及车牌比对结果之优劣,再将其程序步骤应用於台中市台中港路的时制重整计画中,结果显示时制重整计画实行後,能得到较好的绩效,尤其是对车流较壅塞之方向,改善效益较为显着。     

环行交通组织与信号控制在畸形区域改造中的协调应用

以某市区域路口改造为例,综合运用环岛与信号灯联合控制,把环行路口及其相邻受信号灯控制的平面交叉口组合在一起,利用路口距离造成的相位差,使车流交错进入环岛,以达到环岛内车流连续、通畅、高速、安全行驶的目的。     

Evaluating safety effectiveness of roundabouts in Abu Dhabi

With more than 460 roundabouts located in Abu Dhabi, the capital city of the United Arab Emirates, it is imperative to evaluate the safety benefits provided by those roundabouts. In this study, two approaches were used to evaluate those safety benefits. The first approach is by measuring the 85th percentile operating speeds at a sample of 18 roundabouts in Abu Dhabi to determine whether the measured operating speeds conform to what is recommended by design guides. The second approach is by using a questionnaire to measure how drivers in Abu Dhabi perceive safety when driving at roundabouts and to measure their level of knowledge regarding the rules pertaining to driving at roundabouts. The study found that operating speeds at Abu Dhabi roundabouts typically exceed those recommended by design guides. The study also found that only 4.1% of the drivers interviewed demonstrated a comprehensive understanding of the rules pertaining to driving at roundabouts. Ordinal regression modeling was used to identify driver groups in need for more awareness of the rules to negotiate roundabouts in Abu Dhabi. The study found that the driver group in most need for more awareness is typically young and middle-age male drivers (below the age of 46?years) with less driving experience in countries where roundabouts are common. The questionnaire also revealed that despite the operational benefits provided by roundabouts (in terms of reduced delay), drivers do not prefer to drive at Abu Dhabi roundabouts, which might be explained by drivers' perception of Abu Dhabi roundabouts being not safe.     

车辆导航动态路径规划的研究进展

针对车辆智能导航系统中的交通网络模型、路径规划算法以及交通流预测这三个主要方面的研究现状进行了较为详细的分析。首先着重描述了基于图论的交通路网模型的构建方法;其次分析了Dijkstra算法、Floyd算法、A*算法等经典路径规划算法的性能及研究方向;然后详细介绍了交通流预测方法的研究进展;最后对车辆导航动态路径规划的未来研究方向做了展望。     

仿真技术应用于环形交叉口通行能力中的研究

本文运用仿真技术对环形交叉口的通行能力进行了研究,从微观的角度对影响通行能力的各关键参数进行了分析。仿真技术的优点保证了各种交通特性都能在标定通行能力中得到反映,因而相对于经验模型和分析模型更能体现其研究环行交叉口通行能力的合理性。     

Traffic safety culture of drivers in Canada: Implications for new traffic law implementation to enhance traffic safety

This study investigates Canada's traffic safety culture (TSC) as part of a global research project. The TSC survey data collected by an online survey is used to predict drivers' perception of changes in traffic problems in the past 3 years, driver's support, opposition towards enforcement of additional traffic laws, and drivers' perceived threat towards risky driving behaviors. A two-step procedure is followed to build models. The first step includes feature selection using the chi-square test of independence. The second step comprises building classification models using the Random Forest technique. Results suggest that drivers' personal attributes like the number of accident records, driving frequency, geographic region of nationality, and religion are top predictor variables for drivers' perception towards changes in traffic problems. In addition, compared to others most drivers perceive distracted driving as a major traffic problem today. There is strong disapproval of drivers against the following driving behaviors and strong support to implement laws against it: speeding in school zones, talking on a hand-held cell phone, tying text messages or e-mails, drowsy driving, driving without wearing their seatbelt, drive with passengers not wearing seatbelts, running through red lights, and impaired driving. In contrast, following risky driving behaviors is less of a perceived threat: speeding over limit on a freeway, on a residential street, and in an urban area and talking on a hands-free cell phone while driving. In addition, a driver's accident record is a significant indicator for a perceived threat towards risky driving behaviors followed by age and accumulated demerit points. The results from this study can be used to guide educational campaigns to transform the traffic safety culture of target groups and make more informed policy decisions.     

基于驾驶员主观感受的营运高速公路安全性分析

为了解运营高速公路交通安全设施及管理措施的效果,从驾驶员的角度出发,采取问卷调查的方法,对收集的数据进行处理,进而对高速公路交安设施、道路环境情况、管理措施等进行分析,所获取的数据客观、真实地反映了运营高速公路的交通安全现状,为完善高速公路交通安全运营、提高管理水平提供相关基础数据。