Clarifying multiple-mode decision making in conventional psychological models: A consideration of the influential mechanism of car use's characteristics on the behavioral use of public transportation

The existence of the multiple-mode decision making process challenges the existing psychological theories those predict travel behaviors because the theories were mainly to explain the relationship between travelers' perceived attributes of a targeted mode, not to make choices between modes. A review of related literatures showed a lack of focus on the mechanism of one mode influencing other mode in psychological models. The present study investigates how car-related factors affect the establishment of bus use intention in a psychological investigation. It is hypothesized that single car use factors do not directly influence bus use intention, rather than that; they indirectly influence bus use intention through an overall factor of car use. Results from a dataset of 270 samples investigating three types of daily trips in the Japanese context showed support to the mediating effect of the overall car use factor. As such, an arbitrary inclusion of car-related factors to psychological models of public transportation may not be recommended.     

Study on influence of walking experience on traffic safety attitudes and values among foreign residents in Japan

The most vulnerable user in road space is still an ordinary pedestrian even though the top fatalities by traffic mode differ in countries. Thus, prioritizing/protecting vulnerable road users is essential to improve road safety. People's safety perceptions toward vulnerable users are strongly associated with surrounding elements and their own experiences, especially as pedestrians. Therefore the attitude and values toward vulnerable users would vary due to culture and customs related to walking in each country. This study examines how a walking experience change reflects people with diverse backgrounds' traffic safety attitudes by conducting an online questionnaire survey for foreigners living in Japan for five years or less. As a result, 75% of respondents walk more frequently due to increased public transportation usage. For all the respondents, the increase in the walking frequency also drives the shift in the attitude toward vulnerable users and the values regarding travel safety and comfort indirectly intermediated by the shift in attitudes toward walkability, applying structural equation modeling. To focus on the structure of the shift according to nationality, people from Southeast/South Asia, where motorcyclists are the top fatalities in the road space and somehow regarded as vulnerable road users, the increased walking experience contributes significantly to the improvement of awareness of vulnerable road users and to the formation of safety and comfort values. Regarding people from Europe/North America, although their walking frequency increases after coming to Japan, there is a static causal relationship that does not influence their attitude toward walkability or safety and comfort values. Additionally, they already have an attitude of protecting/prioritizing pedestrians and placing more importance on safety and comfort. At the same time, people from Southeast/South lacks the attitude toward pedestrians due to much less frequency of walking in daily life. It suggests that establishing safe and having comfortable pedestrian spaces and public transport in developing countries where traffic infrastructure is at the development stage will encourage people to walk and likely help foster an attitude of placing importance on safety.     

International analysis on social and personal determinants of traffic violations and accidents employing logistic regression with elastic net regularization

While the number of road fatalities is declining in developed countries, it is still increasing globally, especially in middle-and low-income countries. In addition to the driver's individual awareness and attitude toward traffic safety, various factors such as the development of road infrastructure and the legal system may have a significant influence on the occurrence of traffic accidents. Thus, it is essential to consider these factors to enhance traffic safety and achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Targets of 3.6.In this study, we developed an Elastic Net Regression model to evaluate the factors that influence an individual's traffic violations and accidents based on an international questionnaire on traffic safety attitude, country fact survey data on traffic regulations, and other statistical databases. As a result, it was revealed that: i) In addition to country-level factors, the individual's attributes and attitudes toward traffic safety have an influence on the experience of traffic violations and accidents. and ii) While the same variables regarding individual attributes and attitudes are selected for both traffic violations and accidents, the selected variables relating to country factors differ between violations and accidents.     

Using an integrated model of TPB and TAM to analyze the pandemic impacts on the intention to use bicycles in the post-COVID-19 period

Due to the rapid increase in bicycle usage during the pandemic, this study aims to ascertain the effects of COVID-19 and the role of psychosocial factors on the intention to cycle in the future. An integrated model of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and technology acceptance model (TAM) was modified and utilized with a sample of 473 cyclists in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The results confirm that the awareness change because of the advent of COVID-19, especially related to the environment, negative impacts of motorized vehicles (including road safety burden), and climate change issues, has the strongest power to influence bicycle use intention. The positive effect of COVID-19 also significantly influenced subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. Meanwhile, attitudes toward cycling and its perceived usefulness did not significantly contribute to bicycle use intention. Attitudes to use bicycles also could not mediate the relationship between COVID-19 and the intention to use bicycles. Based on the study findings, a set of policy initiatives was proposed, including cycling campaigns related to environmental issues, promoting bicycle use by public figures, providing a segregated bike lane, and introducing bicycle-specific programs, such as bicycle usage in cultural events.     

Is vehicle ownership in urban india influenced by the availability of high quality dedicated public transit systems?

As India's economy grows, so too does the number of people who can afford to own vehicles. A downside of this rapid increase in private vehicle ownership is a corresponding increase in traffic congestion, air pollution, and carbon emissions. Although affordability may be one reason for the shift toward commuting via private vehicles, another contributing factor could be the quality of public transportation. The objective of this paper is to determine whether private vehicle ownership in large urban areas in India is influenced by the presence of high quality dedicated public transit systems. Consumer expenditure survey data acquired from the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) for the year 2009–2010 were used to develop a vehicle ownership model for 26 Indian cities with a population of at least one million. The results show that the availability of public transportation has a negative correlation to motorcycle/moped ownership but has no strong effect on car ownership. These results should encourage governments in developing economies to invest in high-quality dedicated public transit systems.     

西安市私家车合乘现状调查与分析——以西安市雁塔区为例

针对西安市私家车合乘的现状进行调查.采用非等比例分层抽样法选取西安市雁塔区内车主及乘客各1 000名作为研究对象进行问卷调查,研究西安市私家车合乘的现状及其影响因素.调查结果表明,目前西安市参与私家车合乘的乘客比例仅占2.7%,比例较低,但双方有合作意愿及合作基本条件.通过对调查结果的分析与讨论得出影响私家车合乘的主要因素有:人身安全、额外耗时、经济条件、年龄、性别等.给出几点促进私家车合乘的建议:确保合乘双方的安全、加大对合乘车辆的扶持力度、对通勤合乘进行有力引导、出租车停靠点同时作为合乘候车点及合理利用公交专用道等.      

Multimode trip information detection using personal trajectory data

Handheld global positioning system (GPS) devices can serve as a new tool to collect an individual's trip information with advantages of low cost, accurate data, and intensive spatial coverage. Various machine learning algorithms have been explored to detected trip train information in previous studies; however, few of them focused on the evaluation and comparison of the performance and applicability of different models. Meanwhile, according to previous studies, car and bus mode detection is a thorny issue due to their similar travel characteristics, and algorithms still need to be well explored and improved to solve this problem. In this article, an innovative method is proposed to detect trip information, including trip modes, mode-changing time and location, and other attributes, from personal trajectory data. The method is a two-step process. A machine learning algorith-based module (including artificial neural network, support vector machine, random forests, and Bayesian network) is firstly used to identify walk, bicycle, and motorized trip modes (bus or car); we thoroughly compared the performance of these four algorithms. Then a second module, using critical points on the GPS trajectories, is further developed to distinguish car and bus mode, incorporated with GIS map information. Field test results show that the proposed machine learning models can all be applied for walk, bicycle, and motorized mode detection with high detection rates exceeding 90%; however, the algorithms work relatively poorly for bus and car mode detection, with results mostly below 75%. The proposed two-step method can greatly improve bus and car mode detection accuracy by 14–30%. As a result, the average mode detection rates for all the four modes are above 90%. Compared with mode detection results by using only the machine learning algorithm, the proposed two-step method has much better performance in both accuracy and consistency.     

Damper modeling for dynamic simulation of a large bus with MR damper

In this study, a large bus is tested to measure its dynamic response by the single-lane change test and the rapid stop test. A full car model is established by ADAMS/Car for computer simulation. For multibody modeling of a large bus, user-defined templates are used in the simulation. Simulation results of the single-lane change test and the rapid braking test are compared to the results of the physical experiments, in which several sensors are installed to measure the vehicle’s responses. The results obtained from the simulation show good agreement with the tests’ results. A dynamic model for the MR(magnetic-rheological) damper is also developed by employing the Magic Formula model, which is widely used in the nonlinear modeling of a tire. Bump simulation of a full car with the MR damper is carried out to verify the performance of the MR damper. The comparison of the simulation results obtained with the MR damper model to the results obtained with the traditional passive damper model showed improved response of the vehicle with the MR damper.     

基于扩展TAM的车路协同系统驾驶人接受度研究

车路协同系统（Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System，CVIS）已成为智能交通领域的前沿技术和研究热点。世界各国都在致力于CVIS的研发、试验、示范应用和效用评估。然而CVIS的服务对象是驾驶人，在其正式投入使用之前研究驾驶人对CVIS的主观接受度及其影响因素非常重要。基于此，以基础的技术接受模型（Technology Acceptance Model，TAM）为理论框架，在基础变量（感知有用性、感知易用性、态度和使用意图）的基础上，引入预警服务质量、分心感知、个人创新和信任度4个扩展变量，建立扩展TAM，分析驾驶人对CVIS的主观接受度及其影响因素。首先，通过在线调查收集392名驾驶人对CVIS的技术接受问卷；然后，使用Cronbach's α和验证性因子分析检验问卷的信效度；最后，采用路径分析探究驾驶人对CVIS的接受度及其影响因素。研究结果表明：基础TAM变量之间的关系与基础模型假设一致；CVIS的预警服务质量通过感知有用性、感知易用性和态度间接影响使用意图；驾驶人对CVIS的分心感知对其态度和使用意图没有负向影响；驾驶人的个人创新不仅直接影响使用意图，而且通过态度间接影响使用意图；驾驶人对CVIS的信任度是使用意图的直接影响因素，也通过其他变量间接影响使用意图。研究结果有助于了解驾驶人对CVIS的接受度及其影响因素，并为CVIS的设计提供理论依据。     

城市居民使用共享单车意向研究——以合肥为例

为了探究共享单车使用意向的影响因素和因素间的作用关系,基于计划行为理论(TPB)构建了关于态度、主观规范、感知愉悦、灵活便捷和行为意向等潜变量的计划行为理论扩展模型.通过对问卷调查数据的信度和效度的分析,构建了共享单车使用意向的结构方程模型(SEM),得到各影响因素间的关系路径.结果表明,TPB理论可以很好地解释居民使用共享单车的行为意向,在共享单车的使用意向影响因素中,主观规范的影响最为显著,态度居其次,再次是感知愉悦,而灵活便捷对行为意向的影响作用相对较弱.      

新冠疫情对居民休闲出行影响研究

为了就新冠疫情对疫情结束后居民休闲出行的影响展开调查研究,把握疫情后居民休闲出行偏好的变化,分析休闲出行意愿的影响因素和影响机制,并量化分析各因素的影响,基于计划行为理论和收益-风险分析构建结构方程模型,量化感知风险、感知正效用、出行态度、主观规范、感知行为控制等影响因素与疫情后休闲出行意愿的相互影响机制,并利用单因素...     

汽车机械维修保养的一些技巧与常识

随着我国经济不断发展,国民的物质生活水平得到巨大进步。汽车作为常用的交通工具走进人们的日常生产和生活中。汽车的主要结构以机械为主,在长期搁置或使用后容易出现各种机械故障问题,定期维修保养尤为重要。为了确保汽车的性能良好,掌握一定的技巧和常识运用在汽车机械维修和保障的过程中,方便汽车为人们提供更为便捷的服务。文章围绕常见汽车机械故障产生原因、浅析现代汽车机械维修及保养特征和汽车机械维修及保养的技巧,三个维度展开详细论述。     

中国客车“冤家”对对碰

客车是车市的一个重要战场，路上的人你追我赶，都想领先一步，于是便有了一对对“冤家”的诞生，除去奔驰，曼、尼奥普兰等国际顶尖高手不表，中国客车界南北两大霸主争雄，各地诸侯明争暗斗的局面恐怕还得延续一段时间。不是冤家不聚首，其中奥妙，值得把玩。     

关于公交票价与私家车出行关系的研究方法

该文针对研究城市公交票价与私家车出行量之间关系的需要,提出了一种理论方法。该方法用多元线性回归模型分析了城镇居民家庭人均可支配收入、私家车出行成本等因素对私家车出行需求的影响,并在此基础上结合交叉弹性理论进一步得到公交票价和私家车出行需求之间的弹性关系。通过该方法可以量化公交票价与私家车出行需求两者之间的关系,为城市采用低价公交来制约私家车出行的政策提供一些理论依据。     

瓶颈路段公交和小汽车共享车道通行能力研究

城市空间紧缺,公交专用道通常通过转变现有普通车道获得。在城市道路瓶颈路段处,如果公交车发车频率较低,不仅公交专用道难以充分利用并造成道路空间的浪费,还会加重小汽车的延误。针对这个问题,国外已有研究在选定的瓶颈路段设置公交车和小汽车的共享车道方法。文中梳理了在相应的共享策略下瓶颈路段的通行能力计算方法,并考虑到小汽车在瓶颈处的扰动对通行能力的影响。通过对深圳市皇岗路与新彩路交叉口处入口匝道的仿真分析表明,当小汽车有低于20%驶入共享车道时,设置共享车道可以在不对公交车运行造成影响的情况下降低入口匝道和新彩路主线上的小汽车延误。但当小汽车驶入共享车道的比例大于20%时,对公交车的运行开始产生影响,并且对新彩路主线上的小汽车运行有一定的影响。随着小汽车驶入共享车道的比例继续增大,这种影响有呈指数增加的趋势,证明了车流的扰动因素对瓶颈通行能力有很大的影响。      

怎样正确使用和保养汽车空调

随着汽车工业的发展和人民生活水平的日益提高,汽车已走进了千家万户。人们不但追求汽车的安全性、可靠性、更注重它的舒适性,汽车空调也就成为现代汽车上的一项基本配置了。因此,车主们对汽车空调的正确使用,如何养等方面知识的需求越来越高多。根据车主们的需求,本文以通俗易懂的形式讲述了调的工作原理、正确使用和维护保养。     

Mobilité et accès à la voiture chez les personnes âgées: Évolutions actuelles et enjeux

In France, and in most other industrialised countries, demographic ageing means that in the next decades there will be a rise among the elderly in vehicle ownership and driving for daily trips, long distance travel and leisure trips. This paper demonstrates the existence of these trends by drawing on a variety of statistical sources — National Transport and Communication Surveys, Urban Household Travel Surveys (Lyon) and surveys on French holiday practices. We nevertheless demonstrate that this structural change exhibits a high degree of differentiation with regard to gender, household income, place of residence and state of health. This change, which increases car use, is expected to continue during the next few years, especially among elderly women. Long term changes in lifestyles encourage the view that in the future people will cease to drive at a more advanced age. The increase in car use has important long-term implications in two areas. On the one hand it will affect road safety, on the other hand it raises the issues of the sustainability of mobility and the obligation to meet the needs of persons who are no longer able to drive.     

汽车电气火灾分析及防治策略研究

随着社会经济的发展和人们生活水平的不断提高,汽车的应用越来越广泛,汽车给人们的出行带来了方便和快捷,但是在我们享受着快捷的出行条件的同时,近年来,汽车火灾的发生数量也在不断的增加,在汽车火灾的诱发因素中,电气系统火灾占了非常大的比例,因此,预防和分析汽车电气火灾,应该要受到人们的高度注重。本文主要研究汽车电气火灾的分析和防治,期望能够有效的预防汽车电气火灾的发生。     

探析汽车发动机维护与保养

随着人们的生活水平的不断提高,汽车的种类与数量也在不断的增加,汽车的应用给人们的生活带来了很多的便利,使远距离的出行变的更加轻松.不同用途的汽车给人们带来的帮助是不一样的,例如农机的使用提高了农作效率,清扫车的使用减轻了环卫工人的工作量,清洁效果也更好.汽车中最重要的部件就是发动机,发动机一旦出现故障,会加速其他零件的...