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随着航运业发展,追求效率的今天,船舶起重机越来越广泛的用于船与船、船与岸之间的货物装卸,成为深远海工程作业不可或缺的装备之一。由于船舶受到风、浪、流、涌等海洋环境载荷的影响,起重机的吊重会出现较大的摇晃,进而影响起重机的作业效率和安全性,严重时还将会导致严重的安全事故和环境污染,造成生命财产损失。因此,针对起重机吊重摇摆的抑制问题,设计一种船舶起重机减摇系统,减小起重机作业过程中吊重产生的摆动,对提升起重机的作业效率及安全性有重要的意义。本文针对带折叠减摇臂式船用减摇起重机装置提出了三种控制方案,并通过实验验证其综合减摇效果达到60%以上,充分验证了控制方案的正确性与可行性。 相似文献
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为了降低船用起重机的摇晃度,进行减摇控制,提出基于稳态反馈补偿调节的船用起重机机械的减摇控制方法,构建船用起重机机械的减摇控制约束参量模型,以摇摆幅值、转动力矩、惯性力矩等为反馈调节参数,进行起重机机械的减摇稳态误差补偿控制,结合Lyapunov稳定性原理,引入后置积分项进行减摇控制器末端位姿修正,较低摇摆幅度,实现摇摆的实时误差补偿。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行船用起重机机械的减摇控制,摇摆幅值得到有效控制,姿态稳定性较好。 相似文献
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对于起重设备,尤其是船用起重设备,吊装作业时起吊对象的摇摆是一种常见现象,其往往影响作业效率,甚至影响作业安全,该特点在舱室空间有限的船用领域表现的尤其明显。针对该类摇摆问题,本文设计了一种新型空间多连杆防摇装置,通过三维空间正交耦合约束方式实现了吊运对象的直线导向功能,进而达到防摇效果;并基于Adams软件对该装置的防摇性能进行了仿真研究,分析出大车、小车以及吊具升降时吊装对象的运动学状态。结果表明,该装置达到了良好的防摇效果,并具有结构新颖、工作可靠、安装紧凑的优点,在船用防摇领域具有很高的工程应用价值。 相似文献
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由于风、浪、流、涌等多种海洋环境载荷的影响,船舶会产生横摇、纵摇、艏摇、横荡、纵荡、升沉六自由度运动,船舶的这种基座扰动进而会导致吊重产生大幅度摇晃。针对该问题,提出一种吊盘式机械防摇方案,并搭建船用起重机吊盘式机械防摇系统实验台开展验证实验。通过多组对比实验验证了方案可行性,得到船用起重机吊盘式机械防摇系统对于不同绳长、不同基座运动条件下的吊重摆角时变曲线。实验表明:在无减摇控制时,主吊索的面外角最大值达到13.6°,面内角最大值达到15.5°;而有减摇控制时,主吊索的面外角最大值仅为1.2°,减摇效果达到90%以上,面内角最大值仅为5.9°面内角减摇也达到60%以上。 相似文献
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减摇水舱设计完成后要安装在摇摆台上,通过摇摆台精确模拟在特定海况下船舶横摇运动从而对水舱性能进行检测,摇摆台动力装置为电液伺服系统,在模拟不同船型时,配重改变及系统本身零漂,零偏等干扰因素变化使得对其执行机构传统的PD控制参数整定难、适应性差从而模拟精度降低.文章对摇摆台进行数学建模及仿真模型搭建,设计了IGA-PID控制器,采用免疫遗传算法的PID控制,通过抗体间的促进与抑制反应,不依赖控制对象实现系统的自适应,从而对PID控制参数进行整定得到全局最优解.仿真结果表明,该控制算法的应用具有更好的控制效果和鲁棒性,满足水舱测试精度要求. 相似文献
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海洋石油平台一般在陆地建造期间就已完成平台吊机安装和相关功能的试验,出海后对吊机进行简单调试就能投入使用.渤海油田某项目WHPA平台因吊机安装位置与平台钻修机橇块位置较近,吊机安装后会增加平台海上吊装的难度且风险极高.为解决该问题,经过多次讨论分析,将设计方案确定为平台出海安装固定后再对吊机进行安装.这种方案虽然在施工... 相似文献
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分析了武汉阳逻长江公路大桥主桥模数式大位移伸缩装置单件尺寸大、重量重、运输吊装困难等特点,提出了严格限制吊车和平板车在桥面上的就位位置;在伸缩装置槽口内设置吊车支腿受力点;在主塔下横梁上设临时支撑,以方便吊车脱钩移位后再进行二次吊装就位等解决方案,并取得成功。 相似文献
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An innovative offshore system integrating a floating offshore wind turbine with a steel fish farming cage (FOWT-SFFC) has recently been developed by the two leading authors for offshore wind and aquaculture industry. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dynamic responses of FOWT-SFFC subjected to simultaneous wind and wave actions in the harsh South China Sea environment by a series of model tests. The tests are conducted at the Tsinghua Ocean Engineering Basin with Froude scale of 1:30. In this paper, the similarity law and setup of model tests are given first. Then a series of calibration tests and identification tests are carried out to validate the capacity of wind generator and wave maker, and to identify the vibration frequencies of tower, the stiffness of mooring system, natural periods and system damping, motion response amplitude operators (RAOs) of FOWT-SFFC, and thrust-speed performance of the turbine in wave basin. After that, seakeeping tests are implemented for random waves, followed by a sequence of load cases including normal operating and extreme conditions. Constant wind speeds and random wind speeds are respectively considered in load combinations. The experimental results affirm the excellent seakeeping and dynamic performance of FOWT-SFFC. Existence of metal fish nets increases the damping of foundation's 6 degree-of-freedoms motions. Generally, the influence of nets on the dynamic responses is insignificant in wind sea states. 相似文献
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船舶液压起重机延迟反馈吊重消摆控制 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
由于操纵和工作环境的变化,起重机的吊重在工作过程中会产生摆动,这种摆动降低了起重机的工作效率和安全性能。文章以集美大学轮机工程实验中心船舶液压起重机为研究对象,采用机电液仿真建模技术及拉格朗日方程,在MATLAB Simulink仿真软件平台上,建立起重机操作液压系统及吊重摆动模型,采用与试验数据对比的方法对所建立的模型进行验证。设计基于吊重摆动位置延迟反馈的控制器,通过将延迟反馈信号叠加到操作信号上的方法实现吊重的消摆控制。结果表明,在各种操作情况下,延迟反馈控制器均能很好地抑制吊重的摆动。 相似文献
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Installation complexities are one of the major challenges in the floating offshore wind turbine (OWT) industry. The modern concept introduced by the SFI-MOVE project is an effort to overcome the complexities by utilizing a low-height lifting mechanism. It is common to idealize a crane in the lifting mechanism as a rigid body since the structural deflections are smaller than the responses introduced by the other system components. However, structural flexibility can play an essential role in demanding offshore operations with smaller acceptable tolerances. In this study, lifting cranes are modeled using the finite element method and simplified by implementing equivalent 3D beam elements. Dynamic analysis is performed for various environmental conditions, and the responses of the crane structure and the OWT are calculated for each load case. This research reveals that crane structure flexibility influences the relative motion between a floating spar buoy and an OWT during mating operations. Crane structural flexibility contributes significantly to the OWT rotations. In addition, the response deviation between using rigid and flexible cranes increases as the excitation force increases. Therefore, it is recommended to consider the crane structural flexibility in the calculation when strict installation tolerances are needed. 相似文献
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This paper presents a preliminary technical feasibility study on a new methodology proposed for installing a monopile-based bottom supported offshore wind turbine structure. The concept is developed to address the problem of “waiting for a suitable weather window” which is commonly faced by the existing installation methods that uses a typical jack-up platform. In the methodology, a floating vessel along with a floatable subsea structure fitted with a hull on the top, hereafter named SSIP (subsea structure for installing a pile), is proposed first to install a monopile. Then the same structure is used to carry an FIUS (fully integrated upper structure) of an offshore wind turbine, which is characterized by a telescopic tower, and install it over the monopile by using an FOP (float-over-pulling) arrangement. Here, the installation methodologies are first briefly described along with the critical load cases associated with them. These load cases are then numerically studied for a significant wave height (HS) of 2.5 m, and the results are summarized. For installing a fully integrated offshore wind turbine upper structure on a monopile foundation by the FOP method, two installation schemes are presented, and their dynamic characteristics are compared. It is shown that the proposed methodologies have potential to provide installation solutions which can be environmentally more robust compared to the existing method for installing an offshore wind turbine. 相似文献