海洋工程用铝合金表面微弧氧化膜的耐腐蚀性能

为了制备性能良好的微弧氧化膜层,以提高海洋平台用2Al2铝合金的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。本实验采用微弧氧化技术,将不同浓度的MoS2颗粒（0 g/L、1 g/L、2 g/L、4 g/L、6 g/L和8 g/L）添加到电解液中,在2Al2铝合金表面制备微弧氧化膜层。通过扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜对复合镀层的微观形貌、组织结构进行分析;采用摩擦磨损试验、电化学腐蚀试验等实验方法分析了镀层的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性能。实验结果表明,随着纳米MoS2颗粒含量的增加,陶瓷层表面微孔尺寸减小,微孔数量增加,并且孔洞的分布更加均匀,致密度得到了很大的提高,且膜层厚度随着纳米MoS2颗粒含量的增加先增后减;添加纳米MoS2颗粒后,使得膜层摩擦系数降低,并且基本稳定在0.45左右;当纳米MoS2颗粒含量为4g/L时,陶瓷层的耐腐蚀性能最好。     

纳米Al2O3对不锈钢镍基电刷镀层结构和性能的影响

本文通过在普通快速镍镀液中添加纳米Al₂O₃颗粒,制备出了Al₂O₃复合电刷镀层。制备出的复合镀层表面粗糙度普遍低于普通电刷镀层,显微硬度明显高于普通镀层,在纳米颗粒浓度为15g/L时,制备出的复合镀层的综合性能最好。     

铝合金表面涂覆纳米氧化铈掺杂氧化硅及其耐腐蚀性研究

铝合金以其密度小、耐腐蚀性及力学性能优越而被广泛关注,特别是航海领域,但是铝合金化学性质活泼、表面氧化层易于破损,使得其易于被海水腐蚀限制了铝合金在航海中的应用。纳米氧化铈具有很好抗海水腐蚀和抗微生物腐蚀作用,但纳米颗粒也存在直接涂覆难的问题。掺杂氧化硅的纳米复合氧化膜便于涂覆且具有更好的耐腐蚀性能,复合膜层可以有效抑制膜层基体降解剥落。本文对不同热处理温度和不同掺杂比例的氧化铈和氧化硅对铝合金表面耐腐蚀性的影响进行研究,得到耐腐蚀性能最好的热处理温度和掺杂比。     

两阶段升压模式ZK60镁合金的MAO膜层生长机理研究

采用两阶段升压模式在ZK60镁合金基体上进行微弧氧化(MAO).通过微弧氧化过程中电流随时间的变化分析膜层生长过程,利用扫描电镜及其附带的能谱测试仪观察膜层微观结构并分析膜层成分及元素分布情况,用X射线衍射仪研究膜层物相组成.结果表明:该模式下制备的MAO膜层表面微孔呈现"火山口"喷射形状,并存在孔中套孔结构;微弧放电时提供反应向内的驱动力,使其发生内氧化,形成锯齿状膜基结合面;该模式下微弧氧化成型过程经历了陶瓷颗粒形成阶段,陶瓷颗粒聚集成表面岛阶段及表面岛烧结合并阶段;两阶段升压模式下获得的微弧氧化膜层由MgO方镁石和MgAl_2O_4尖晶石两种物相构成,且基体元素与电解液元素在微弧氧化反应中存在传质过程.     

2519铝合金表面微弧氧化膜的结构与耐蚀性能

研究了2519铝合金微弧氧化膜表面形貌、截面形貌特征与成分分布特点、相结构以及微弧氧化膜的耐蚀性能.结果表明,氧化膜为55 μm厚膜时主要由α-A12O3、γ-A12O3和A16Si2O13组成,并有非晶相;截面形貌呈现明显的两层结构特征,致密层厚约35 μm,表面疏松层厚约20 μm.致密层中Al、Cu、O含量均高于表面疏松层的,而表面疏松层Si含量明显高于致密层的,A16Si2O13主要分布于表面疏松层.该氧化膜使铝合金试样的Icorr减小3个数量级以上,并明显提高了腐蚀电位.     

微藻计数及压载水藻类生长抑制毒性试验方法

船舶尾气排放硫氧化物和氮氧化物是大气污染主要来源之一,采用湿法脱硫技术是减少硫氧化物排放的有效途径。但湿法脱硫后产生的洗涤水含有多种有害物质,其中多环芳烃为主要污染物之一,国际海事组织规定其含量不得超过2250 μg/L。本研究以萘为多环芳烃代表物,采用低温等离子体技术处理船舶尾气脱硫洗涤水,分别考察低温等离子体工艺参数(放电功率、进气量)和处理过程特征参数(温度、pH、水中阴离子)对萘去除率的影响。结果表明,最佳氧气进气量和放电功率分别为3 L/min和132 W,该条件下萘去除率随温度升高先增大后降低;pH升高有利于萘的降解;水中SO_42-、SO_32-、NO_3-、NO_2-、HCO_3-对萘的降解有不同程度的影响,其中HCO_3-的影响最为显著。     

改性铝合金在蒸馏法海水淡化装置的初步应用研究

选用阳极氧化和TiO2纳米颗粒填充聚氨酯涂层的铝合金管作为水平管降膜蒸发器的换热管.考察了海水喷淋密度、改性方式、海水蒸发温度对水平管降膜蒸发传热特性的影响,分析了铝合金的耐腐蚀性和抗垢性.实验结果表明,随着海水喷淋密度和蒸发温度的增加,降膜蒸发传热系数先逐渐增加,随后趋于稳定;阳极氧化铝合金的传热系数高达13 000 W/m2·℃,表面氧化层可以抑制碳酸钙的成核与生长,但换热管表面出现少量点蚀;有机涂层铝合金的传热系数达到11 000 W/m2·℃,表面未发现海水腐蚀和难溶盐的结垢.     

NaOH含量对AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化膜层微观结构和耐蚀性的影响

在由15 g/L Na2SiO3、12 g/L NaAlO2、3 g/L Na2B4O7、5 mL/L C3H8O3、5 g/L C6H5Na3O7及1~4 g/L NaOH组成的硅铝复合电解液中,利用微弧氧化技术在AZ91D镁合金基体上制备了一系列陶瓷膜层.利用扫描电镜、膜层测厚仪分别研究了陶瓷膜层的微观结构及厚度;采用全浸泡实验和交流阻抗实验测试了膜层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能.结果表明：随着NaOH含量的增加,微弧氧化过程中的起弧电压和终止电压均呈线性下降;膜层的耐蚀性随着NaOH含量的增加先提高后降低,膜厚的变化趋势与其耐蚀性的变化趋势基本一致;NaOH含量的变化主要影响膜层内部致密层的耐蚀性能;当NaOH含量为2 g/L时,膜层最厚,膜层较致密,因而具有较好的耐蚀性能.     

纳米氧化锌复合氧化钛海洋防腐防污涂料的制备及性能研究

针对传统氧化层涂料防腐防污性能不佳的问题,制备了一种纳米氧化锌复合氧化钛海洋防腐防污涂料。通过可调式涂膜器等制备仪器、纳米ZnO等制备材料,制备纳米掺杂氧化膜,得到氧化钛溶胶与氧化锌溶胶,将这2种溶胶按照比例进行调配,得到氧化锌-二氧化钛纳米复合膜,最后制备出纳米氧化锌复合氧化钛海洋防腐防污涂料。通过与传统氧化层涂料进行防腐防污性能的对比实验,验证了纳米氧化锌复合氧化钛涂料具备更好的防腐防污性能。     

舰船高温排烟管表面纳米Al2O3-CeO2/Ni镀层的微观组织和抗高温氧化性能

为了制备具有优异抗氧化性能的复合镀层,试验采用双脉冲电源,在舰船高温排烟管试样表面沉积Al2O3-CeO2/Ni纳米复合镀层,通过抗氧化性能测试,研究了Al2O3纳米颗粒浓度和CeO2浓度对复合镀层的抗氧化性的影响。试验得出复合镀层的微观组织随着Al2O3颗粒的添加细化晶粒,当镀液中纳米CeO2颗粒浓度增加到1.5 g/L时,晶粒尺寸分布均匀,同时镀层表面平整、致密;复合镀层的抗氧化性随镀液中纳米Al2O3浓度增加而增加,随CeO2浓度的增加先降低后增加。     

Effect of non-symmetrical corrosion imperfection on the collapse pressure of subsea pipelines

The effects of non-symmetrical corrosion defects (about the major or minor axis of the ellipse) on the collapse modes and collapse pressures of subsea pipelines are studied using the Finite Element (FE) method. The corrosion defects are represented by a groove of a given length, width, and depth which is created by the “element death” technology. Parametric studies are conducted and the influences of corrosion location angle, length, width, and depth on the collapse pressure are discussed. Several significant and interesting results are achieved: (1) The collapse modes are mainly affected by the corrosion location angle, width, and depth; (2) The collapse pressure of a pipe may increase as the corrosion length, width, or depth increases when the corrosion location angle is small; (3) The longer the corrosion length, the larger the effect of corrosion location angle on the collapse pressure; (4) For collapses controlled by corrosion defect (0.3≤h/t ≤ 0.7), the relationship between the collapse pressure and corrosion location angle follows a simple cosine function. For collapses controlled by the ovality (h/t < 0.3), the relationship can be expressed by the combination of straight-line and cosine function.     

Effect of pH on mechanical,physical and tribological properties of electroless Ni-P-Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> composite deposits for marine applications

Successful co-deposition of fine particulate matter within an Electroless Nickel-Phosphorous (ENi-P) matrix is dependent on various factors like bath composition, particle compatibility with metallic matrix, bath reactivity (pH), particle size and their distribution. ENi-P deposits incorporating Al₂O₃/Alumina in a disperse phase have varied effects on properties and attributes like surface roughness (Ra), microhardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance and surface morphology of the deposits obtained. This paper experimentally investigates the effect of alumina (1.55 g/L) on Ra, microhardness, surface morphology, deposition rate, wettability, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of ENi-P-Al₂O₃ composite deposits on mild steel substrates at bath pH 5, 7 and 9. Study reveals that optimum deposit parameters and deposition rates are achieved with bath pH. However, not much study has been undertaken concerning composite deposits obtained from higher bath pH or basic bath. This is attributable to the fact that at higher bath pH or alkaline baths, the bath gets unstable and eventually degrades or decomposes, thereby resulting in sub optimal or poor deposition. Hence, experimental investigations carried out by preparing suitable baths, operating under optimum conditions, and enabling successful composite deposition in acidic and alkaline baths have revealed that there is a significant improvement in the above mentioned properties of the as-deposited composite deposits, as the pH is increased from pH 5 to pH 9. This aspect can therefore be advantageously utilized for preparing various marine components like fasteners, nuts, bolts, washers, pipes, cables, components having relative motion etc.     

Gas transfer velocities of CO2 and CH4 in a tropical reservoir and its river downstream

We have measured simultaneously the methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) surface concentrations and water–air fluxes by floating chambers (FC) in the Petit-Saut Reservoir (French Guiana) and its tidal river (Sinnamary River) downstream of the dam, during the two field experiments in wet (May 2003) and dry season (December 2003). The eddy covariance (EC) technique was also used for CO₂ fluxes on the lake. The comparison of fluxes obtained by FC and EC showed little discrepancies mainly due to differences in measurements durations which resulted in different average wind speeds. When comparing the gas transfer velocity (k₆₀₀) for a given wind speed, both methods gave similar results. On the lake and excluding rainy events, we obtained an exponential relationship between k₆₀₀ and U₁₀, with a significant intercept at 1.7 cm h^− 1, probably due to thermal effects. Gas transfer velocity was also positively related to rainfall rates reaching 26.5 cm h⁻¹ for a rainfall rate of 36 mm h^− 1. During a 24-h experiment in dry season, rainfall accounted for as much as 25% of the k₆₀₀. In the river downstream of the dam, k₆₀₀ values were 3 to 4 times higher than on the lake, and followed a linear relationship with U₁₀.     

Study on alternative approaches to corrosion protection of ballast tanks using an economic model

One of the most relevant problems in ship construction and maintenance nowadays is corrosion in ballast tanks of modern merchant vessels. On the one hand, there is a general consensus that the economic lifespan of such a vessel depends, to a large degree, upon the corrosion state of its ballast tanks, while on the other hand these ballast tanks, located between the outer hull and the cargo tanks, makes routine inspection and maintenance a difficult task.Today, ship's ballast tanks are usually constructed in steel and protected with an epoxy coating backed up by sacrificial zinc anodes. Such a construction has been applied without significant alterations for many years. The objective of this economic study is to compare this construction method with some potential alternatives. The considered alternatives are: (1) an increase in structural scantlings, eliminating the necessity to replace corroded at a cost of real cargo carrying capacity of the ship, (2) application of the novel and more durable TSCF₂₅ coating (3), the use of corrosion resistant steel in ship construction and (4) a standard PSPC₁₅ coating combined with lifetime lasting aluminum sacrificial anodes. A cost model was used to evaluate these alternative options together with sensitivity analysis. It is concluded that the durable coating and the use of lifetime lasting aluminum anodes are bound to improve the actual basic tank concept. Corrosion resistant steel becomes attractive when the steel price becomes competitive.     

营口港某码头腐蚀与防护状况调查与分析

对营口港某码头的腐蚀与防护状况进行了调查,调查内容包括钢管桩外观状况、涂层厚度、壁厚、保护电位和阴极保护系统等。结果表明,大部分钢管桩整体状态良好,无明显的涂层破损和局部腐蚀,壁厚和涂层厚度满足要求,保护电位正常。但少部分钢管桩存在涂层的局部破损,部分钢管桩因整流器损坏或输出电流偏低导致保护电位不足。     

Q235钢等离子喷涂Cr2O3涂层性能研究

采用PT3X IPS-1000等离子喷涂系统在Q235钢表面制备Cr_2O_3涂层,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和硬度计等设备观察涂层微观形貌、测试元素组成及硬度等表面性能,采用电化学测试、盐雾试验等手段研究涂层耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:等离子喷涂Cr_2O_3涂层表面均匀,硬度比基材提高约600 HV,自腐蚀电位增加0.509 V,耐腐蚀性能显著增加,对基材形成良好保护。