保证耐波性能的目标函数的Wigley船型优化(英文)

The research performed in this paper was carried out to investigate the computational procedure to design seakeeping optimized ship hull form. To reach the optimized hull form, four stages should be done, which consists of: generate alternative hull form, seakeeping calculations, objective functions and optimization techniques. There are many parameters that may be determined in ship hull form optimization. This paper deals with developed strip theory for determining the seakeeping performance, genetic algorithm(GA) as optimization method, high order equations for curve fitting of the hull form and finally reaching to the minimum bow vertical motion in regular head waves. The Wigley hull is selected as an initial hull and carried to be optimized. Two cases are considered. For the first case, the only form coefficients of the hull(C B, C M, C W, C P) are changed and main dimensions(L, B, T) are fixed. In the second case both hull form and main dimensions are varied simultaneously. Finally, optimized hull form and its seakeeping performances are presented. The results of optimization procedure demonstrate that the optimized hull forms yield a reduction in vertical motion and acceleration.     

主体瘦长度对三体船耐波性和波浪载荷的影响

针对某千吨级三体船母型船,在保持排水量不变的前提下,调查长宽比对运动和载荷的影响,并通过船型变换得到长宽比在12～19之间的6种系列派生船型;应用三维时域Rankine方法软件WASIM对不同长宽比系列船体的纵向运动和波浪载荷进行频响计算,并进一步结合海浪谱分别计算4～6级海况下船体纵摇和升沉运动统计值以及船体剖面弯矩和剪力沿船长单位的分布。分析发现,当主体长宽比从12.27增加至19.16时,纵摇和升沉的最大峰值分别下降了近60%和35%,但剪力和弯矩的峰值则分别增大了2倍和3.5倍。进一步将直接计算的总纵弯矩和剪力与英国劳氏规范相比较,发现6级海况下剖面剪力有义值的计算结果已超过规范的规定。结果表明：主船体的长宽比对耐波性和波浪载荷具有相反的影响,即主体越瘦长,运动响应越小,耐波性越好;但主体越瘦长,总纵弯矩和剪力会大幅增加,对船体结构产生不利影响。因此,在设计之初确定瘦长三体船的主尺度,特别是瘦长度时,应兼顾考虑船体运动响应与波浪载荷的影响。     

基于参数化CAD模型的船型阻力/耐波性一体化设计

在舰船概念设计阶段,往往需要快速生成阻力和耐波性能兼优的船型。采用基于母型船的船型融合生成方法,实现了参数化船型自动生成。在此基础上,采用iSight优化平台,将参数化船型生成技术与阻力、耐波性计算模型集成,运用多学科设计优化技术实现了船型阻力/耐波性性能一体化设计。优化方法采用多目标遗传算法以获取Pareto前沿。以一艘46 000 DWT油船的型线优化为算例对这个过程进行了具体说明,试验结果表明总阻力降低了3%,验证了这种方法的可行性。     

Forecasting fishing vessel responses in coastal areas

A system for forecasting the operability of ships was developed by extending a wave forecasting system with the ship responses to the forecast sea states. The system produces 4-day wave forecasts in an implementation for the Portuguese Exclusive Economic Zone, where the vessels’ seakeeping performance is forecast, although the method presented could well be applied to any other coastal region. The proposed procedure requires the knowledge of the transfer functions for different ship speeds and headings. The computations are made for two different types of fishing vessels that currently operate in the Portuguese coast. Ship motions and derived responses are evaluated with a strip theory code and compared with the prescribed values of relevant seakeeping criteria that represent the limit conditions that still allow standard operational conditions for those vessels. For each forecast sea state at each grid point at a given time, the response spectrum is calculated and operability indexes are computed and compared with the maximum allowed values for a specific operation criterion. The results are presented as operational index maps for various areas of the Portuguese coast, and the information provided by system will help ship masters to plan the operation of their ships, namely to decide the areas to operate in anticipation. In this way, they can identify areas in which the level of operationally of their ships will be degraded due to weather conditions and avoid them.     

船载养殖水体纵摇运动下流场特性数值分析

发展以大型游弋式养殖工船可为深蓝渔业提供新的养殖手段。本文基于STAR-CCM数值计算软件研究了纵摇运动下养殖液舱内流场特性和壁面压力,建立了养殖液舱内适渔性的评估方法。典型海况中船舶纵摇运动对养殖液舱中流场的影响研究表明：当养殖液舱纵摇频率一定时,液舱内流速及壁面压力随纵摇幅值增大而增大；当养殖液舱纵摇与养殖水体发生共振时,液舱内流速及壁面压力急剧增大,对养殖对象安全及结构强度均有较大不利影响。对于海上养殖工船的养殖安全运行,选择风浪流条件合适的渔场,结合船体耐波性研究,优化船体型线,调节养殖舱水体固有频率,避开共振运动,是养殖工船适渔性研究的一个重要方向。     

波浪引起破损船的垂向运动和弯矩（英文）

The wave-induced vertical ship motions and bending moments of a double hull-oil tanker in realistic flooding conditions are studied. The scenarios investigated are represented by water ingress into the starboard ballast tanks for collision damage cases and both starboard and portside ballast tanks for grounding situations. Seakeeping computations are performed for eight damage scenarios and for the intact condition, each corresponding to different changes in displacement, trim, and heel. For each of the damage conditions, transfer functions of vertical motions and loads are calculated using a potential linear 3 D panel hydrodynamic code in the frequency domain that includes effect of the motion of the water in flooded tanks. A MATLAB code is developed to facilitate automated hydrodynamic simulation of many damage scenarios. Verification of seakeeping results is performed by comparing transfer functions with results of the previous study. Wave-induced vertical responses of damaged ship are then compared to those of intact ship using two spectral-based methods originating from uncertainty analysis of wave loads, which are convenient tools to assess consequences of damage on short-term ship responses. Generally, observed trend is that vertical wave-induced responses of damaged ship converge toward those of intact ship with increasing wave period. Fairly small differences between responses of asymmetrically damaged ship with respect to the symmetrical incoming wave directions are found. The results of the study are an efficient method for seakeeping assessment of damaged oil tankers and the framework for evaluating consequences of damage scenarios, heading angles, and sea conditions on seakeeping responses of damaged ships.The results can be used to decide if the intact ship model can be used instead of the damaged one for the emergency response procedure or for the risk assessment studies when modeling and computational time represent important limitations.     

船舶耐波性与船舶航速

通过对耐波性的分析,总结了船舶在波浪中航行时的耐波性标准,并提出了船舶在考虑了耐波性标准后应采取的经济航速,为船舶在大风浪中的开航安全评估提供了依据。     

驱逐舰耐波性与人因中晕动症相关性分析

舰船耐波性不仅是衡量舰船总体性能的重要指标,也对舰船上人员晕动症的发生有直接影响,因此,良好的耐波性设计是保障舰员舒适度和绩效的基础。采用切片法理论编写耐波性计算程序,对DTMB 5415标模进行耐波性计算,得到在迎浪中不同航速下船艏、重心处的垂向加速度响应,分析DTMB 5415标模对应的驱逐舰升沉运动时垂向加速度对人因中晕动症造成的影响,给出驱逐舰耐波性与人因中晕动症的数值关系。结果表明：船艏和重心处垂向加速度理论计算结果正确,准确度满足晕动症预报的要求;计算所得晕动症发生率规律合理,可作为驱逐舰船型晕动症发生率分析和预报,以及人因改善的资料。     

风浪中船舶航行安全性研究

依据船舶耐波性理论计算结果,运用灰色关联综合评估理论对大风浪中船舶耐波性进行了综合评估,然后根据评估结果确定船舶在波浪中以某一航速航行时的优选航向,并通过实例应用与分析表明,使用该方法能为船舶安全航行提供科学指导。     

基于灰评估的船舶航向优选方法研究

依据船舶耐波性理论计算结果,运用灰色关联综合评估理论对大风浪中船舶耐波性进行了综合评估,然后根据评估结果确定船舶在波浪中以某一航速航行时的优选航向,并通过实例应用与分析表明,使用该方法能为船舶安全航行提供科学指导。     

水面舰船迎浪航行时大幅运动预报的切片算法

将预报船舶运动和波浪载荷的切片理论加以扩展，应用于有限深水中船舶迎浪航行时大幅纵向运动和波浪载荷的时域求解。预报结果体现出考虑了湿表面及化后引起的船舶运动和受力的非线性性质。本计算方法简便、实用，适用于船舶纵向大幅运动预报。     

小水线面双体船在波浪中的运动响应预报

用切片理论方法发展了SWATH船耐波性预报程序，提供了390t方案的油田小水线面交通船计算分析结果，包括规则波中纵向运动频率响应函数的计算及不规则波中各种海况下的运动有义值预报。     

船体变形对主机轴承负荷影响的近似计算

营运船舶因外来原因造成船体变形,导致主机EB2和EB3轴承失去负荷且损坏轴瓦的事故,自20世纪70年代以来,一直受到各船级社和船舶设计和建造的研究部门重视。NK船级社在传统轴系校中时使用支反力影响数并引入了作用于机舱后舱舱壁处的当量支反力影响数,据此近似计算出在船体变形情况下,主机EB2和EB3轴承失去负荷的机舱后舱舱壁处的相对位移量。该量化指标使设计人员在轴系校中计算中加深了对船体变形的理解。     

渔船稳性衡准分析与算法研究

我国有数量庞大的渔业船舶,其稳性对船舶安全生产、船型设计开发等方面产生重要影响。本文整理现行渔业船舶稳性衡准要求;分析稳性衡准数的数理实质;进而应用国内外普遍认可的总体设计软件NAPA进行渔业船舶稳性衡准数核算方法研究开发。有助于提高对渔业船舶稳性的认知水平和校核能力,亦可为具备类似衡准要求的其他船型设计研发及稳性校核工具开发提供借鉴。     

Stochastic modeling of long term wave induced responses of ship structures

This paper presents a procedure for evaluating the long term response distribution in ship structures. A specified travel route through given geographical areas during the lifetime of the ship is defined. The individual scatter diagrams, describing the relative occurrence of different sea states for the geographical areas, are weighted with respect to the relative time occupancy of the ship. A two-dimensional analytical distribution is fitted to the weighted scatter diagram over the lifetime.

Frequency response functions for all the sectorial forces are calculated for different ship speeds, heading angles and loading conditions, and fitted to a bi-cubic spline. The wave spectrum is defined by applying a gamma spectrum. The response spectrum is found using a linear frequency domain analysis. From the response spectrum, the peak distribution of the response in each short term period, conditioned on the loading condition, the ship speed and the wave heading direction is computed. The peak distribution over the lifetime is estimated by unconditioning with respect to sea states, maneuvering and loading condition.     

基于船舶耐波性评价的型线优化

船舶耐波性是评价船舶性能的一个重要指标。随着船上装备的精密仪器与武器系统越来越多,如何保证这些系统平稳正常地工作是每一个船舶设计者所关心的问题。然而船舶耐波性与快速性是一对矛盾的指标,为了解决这一问题,合理确定耐波性评价指标是关键因素之一。通过船模试验得到人们最关心的5个耐波性指标数据:纵摇幅值、升沉幅值、船艏加速度、船舯加速度和船艉加速度,并以此来评价船舶的耐波性能。在保证波浪增阻小于某一阈值的情况下进一步对船舶型线进行改进,以期提高船舶耐波性。同时,为了保证试验的准确性,将船模在不规则波试验中的运动响应结果与通过规则波试验的预报值进行对比,结果表明:改进后的5个船舶耐波性指标数据均有所减小,达到了设计目标。     

基于S7-300PLC和PPU的远洋渔船船舶电站控制系统设计

基于S7-300可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)和船舶电站发电机并车与保护单元(PPU),设计了远洋渔船船舶电站智能化控制系统。以PLC为主站、PPU为从站组成的联合控制核心,采集发电柴油机组以及船舶电网的各项参数,实现输入、输出共享,并根据设置的参数进行智能化指令执行。满足船舶电站自动控制以及安全保护等功能,适应渔船在航行及作业过程中工况多变的特点,从而提高船舶电力网的可靠性、便利性与经济性。     

舰船大风浪中航行最大允许航速计算模式研究

舰艇在大风浪中航行,当航向已定时如何确定最大允许航速是航海界关注的课题。本文采用CFD(计算流体力学)方法和耐波性理论相结合的新模式,分别研究了浪增阻、风增阻及螺旋桨推力损失的计算方法,给出了比较精确的舰艇大风浪航行时的船体负载。在此基础上,运用船—机—桨理论,解决了最大允许航速(轮转速)的求解问题。     

高速深V型小艇耐波性试验研究

深V型艇与传统圆舭型小艇相比,在耐波性能上有较大改善。文章通过8.5 m小艇模型试验和实艇耐波性试验,系统研究了艇型V度对阻力的影响和横剖面形状对耐波性的影响,研究结果显示:对于载荷较重和航速较低的排水型船,若采用极深V型艇,可以同时获得更好的推进性能和耐波性。     

Impact scenario models for probabilistic risk-based design for ship–ship collision

A number of authors have proposed probabilistic risk based ship design for ship–ship collision, conditional to the local trading area of a vessel. The probability of collision and consequences are determined based on the traffic conditions in which a vessel is expected to operate. This paper investigates the adequacy of currently available models for impact scenarios, i.e. models linking the traffic conditions to the conditions at the moment of collision. An exploratory statistical model is presented to establish such a link. A probabilistic risk based design case study is performed for a fleet of RoPax vessels trading on a specified route in the Gulf of Finland. The available impact scenario models from the literature are compared with the developed probabilistic evasive maneuvering model. The results show that the impact scenario models have a very significant influence to the calculated hull breach probabilities. No well-justified impact scenario models are presently available and also the presented probabilistic evasive maneuvering model is burdened with uncertainty. Hence, to move toward a probabilistic risk based ship design paradigm for ship–ship collision in a local trading area, more focus and research is needed to establish a credible link.