Numerical Investigation of Contra Rotating Vertical-Axis Tidal-Current Turbine

In this study, the performance of a contra rotating vertical-axis tidal-current turbine was investigated. The incompressible unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (U-RANS) equations were solved via two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulation using ANSYS Fluent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. An algorithm known as SIMPLE from the CFD code was used to calculate the pressure-velocity coupling and second-order finite-volume discretization for all the transport equations. The base turbine model was validated using the available experimental data. Three given scenarios for the contra rotating turbine were modeled. The contra rotating turbine performs better in a low tip speed ratio (TSR) than in a high TSR operation. In a high TSR operation, the contra rotating turbine inefficiently operates, surviving to rotate in the chaotic flow distribution. Thus, it is recommended to use contra rotating turbine as a part of new design to increase the performance of a vertical-axis tidal-current turbine with a lower TSR.     

对转垂直轴潮流水轮机数值评估（英文）

In this study, the performance of a contra rotating vertical-axis tidal-current turbine was investigated. The incompressible unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(U-RANS) equations were solved via two-dimensional(2D) numerical simulation using ANSYS Fluent computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code. An algorithm known as SIMPLE from the CFD code was used to calculate the pressure-velocity coupling and second-order finite-volume discretization for all the transport equations. The base turbine model was validated using the available experimental data. Three given scenarios for the contra rotating turbine were modeled. The contra rotating turbine performs better in a low tip speed ratio(TSR) than in a high TSR operation. In a high TSR operation, the contra rotating turbine inefficiently operates, surviving to rotate in the chaotic flow distribution. Thus, it is recommended to use contra rotating turbine as a part of new design to increase the performance of a vertical-axis tidal-current turbine with a lower TSR.     

Non-linear dynamic analysis of the response of moored floating structures

The complexity of the dynamic response of offshore marine structures requires advanced simulations tools for the accurate assessment of the seakeeping behaviour of these devices. The aim of this work is to present a new time-domain model for solving the dynamics of moored floating marine devices, specifically offshore wind turbines, subjected to non-linear environmental loads. The paper first introduces the formulation of the second-order wave radiation-diffraction solver, designed for calculating the wave-floater interaction. Then, the solver of the mooring dynamics, based on a non-linear Finite Element Method (FEM) approach, is presented. Next, the procedure developed for coupling the floater dynamics model with the mooring model is described. Some validation examples of the developed models, and comparisons among different mooring approaches, are presented. Finally, a study of the OC3 floating wind turbine concept is performed to analyze the influence of the mooring model in the dynamics of the platform and the tension in the mooring lines. The work comes to the conclusion that the coupling of a dynamic mooring model along with a second-order wave radiation-diffraction solver can offer realistic predictions of the floating wind turbine performance.     

水下闭式循环动力系统动态过程数值仿真研究

水下闭式循环动力系统具有高比能量、大比功率以及无工质排放的优点,能够大幅提高水下航行器航速、航程、航深和隐蔽性.本文首次针对某新型水下闭式循环动力系统建立其动态模型,其中燃烧室模型考虑气相氢、氧气和液相冷却水的相互耦合作用,汽轮机模型考虑其转子惯性和容积惯性,冷凝器模型考虑3个相区:过热区、饱和区和过冷区.利用该模型对系统动态过程进行仿真分析,结果表明只要氢、氧气和冷却水流量在系统动态过程中保持一定的比例关系,则燃烧室温度基本保持不变,而燃烧室压力和汽轮机输出功率仅取决于总工质流量.该结论为制定系统解耦控制策略奠定了基础.     

Estimation of the hydrodynamic coefficients of the complex-shaped autonomous underwater vehicle TUNA-SAND

Hydrodynamic coefficients strongly affect the dynamic performance of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). Thus it is important to have the true values of the coefficients in order to simulate the AUV’s dynamic performance accurately. Although these coefficients can be predicted by many methods, most are only applicable for AUVs with streamlined shapes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be applied to estimate the hydrodynamic coefficients of AUVs with complex shapes. In this study, CFD was applied to estimate the hydrodynamic coefficients of the AUV TUNA-SAND (which stands for terrain-based underwater navigable AUV for seafloor and natural resources development), which has a complex block-like structure. First, the validity of the CFD simulation was verified by comparison with experimental results. Second, the relationships between hydrodynamic loads and motions for all six degrees of freedom were analyzed using the simulated results. Third, the importance of each hydrodynamic coefficient was investigated based on these relationships. There are 16 key damping coefficients that relate to viscosity and 12 key inertial coefficients that relate to the potential flow around TUNA-SAND. Finally, the values of all the key coefficients were obtained and verified by comparing the solutions of the simulated dynamics with the experimental results.     

基于汽机流网一体化的辅助汽轮机建模与仿真

针对基于节点法的辅助汽轮机流体网络传统建模中,在动态过程中存在质量不平衡的问题,不能满足辅助汽轮机组变工况和故障工况特性研究的要求。本文提出了汽机流网一体化建模方法,依据质量守恒和能量守恒原理,采用可变出口导纳模拟不同背压下辅助汽轮机的流网运行情况。以某船舶汽轮燃油泵及其进出口蒸汽管网为研究对象,在MINIS环境下采用汽机流网一体化方法建立了其仿真模型。通过该方法下仿真结果与实际运行数据对比,验证了模型的准确性。仿真结果与传统模型仿真结果进行对比分析,表明了变工况和故障工况下汽机流网一体化模型具有更好的稳定性和动态适应性。     

Vibration-assisted decommissioning of a slip joint: Application to an offshore wind turbine

An alternative option to the traditional grouted joint for wind turbines is a direct steel-to-steel connection, also known as slip joint. In a recently published work, a proof of concept of a vibration-assisted installation and decommissioning technique of a slip joint was illustrated. Leveraging on the obtained results, the current study shows for the first time a decommissioning campaign carried out using a vibration-assisted technique applied on a prototype hydraulic wind turbine tower located in the North Sea, and connected to the monopile through a slip joint. The key aspect of the dismounting procedure is a priori knowledge of the resonance frequency clusters corresponding to the slip joint’s cross-sectional modes. Therefore, field hammer tests and experimental modal analysis were carried out inside the wind turbine tower. The identified frequencies and mode shapes were then compared with numerical ones estimated by a finite element model of the investigated structure. The comparison showed that a set of frequency clusters can be directly selected from a detailed numerical model. The preparatory work of the slip joint decommissioning was then executed by installing electric shaker devices, based on the dynamic identification results, and hydraulic jacks mounted inside the wind turbine tower. A first decommissioning trial was carried out in May 2019, while the final decommissioning was performed in August 2019. After analysing the measurements of the hydraulic pressures, displacements and excitation frequencies during the decommissioning campaigns, the results showed that it is possible to disconnect the slip joint if, in combination to a vertical static force, one of the identified cross-sectional mode shapes is excited. The vibration-assisted decommissioning proved to be a successful technique to dismount the connection in a controlled and straightforward manner.     

基于AMESim的燃燃联合动力装置并车仿真研究

针对燃燃联合动力装置(COGAG)建立仿真试验系统,以燃燃联合动力装置为研究对象,仿真平台采用仿真软件AMESim,对动力装置的各个部件进行建模采用的是模块化的建模方法,建立了燃燃联合动力装置系统的仿真模型,利用该模型对单台燃机的动态过程、两台燃机的并车过程进行了仿真和验证。此外,将AMESim中的仿真模型与MATLAB/SIMULINK中的仿真模型相对比,表明AMESim软件能够较好地完成物理模拟,并使研究者从繁杂的数学模型中解脱出来。     

Semi-submersible wind turbine hull shape design for a favorable system response behavior

Floating offshore wind turbines are a novel technology, which has reached, with the first wind farm in operation, an advanced state of development. The question of how floating wind systems can be optimized to operate smoothly in harsh wind and wave conditions is the subject of the present work. An integrated optimization was conducted, where the hull shape of a semi-submersible, as well as the wind turbine controller were varied with the goal of finding a cost-efficient design, which does not respond to wind and wave excitations, resulting in small structural fatigue and extreme loads.The optimum design was found to have a remarkably low tower-base fatigue load response and small rotor fore-aft amplitudes. Further investigations showed that the reason for the good dynamic behavior is a particularly favorable response to first-order wave loads: The floating wind turbine rotates in pitch-direction about a point close to the rotor hub and the rotor fore-aft motion is almost unaffected by the wave excitation. As a result, the power production and the blade loads are not influenced by the waves. A comparable effect was so far known for Tension Leg Platforms but not for semi-submersible wind turbines. The methodology builds on a low-order simulation model, coupled to a parametric panel code model, a detailed viscous drag model and an individually tuned blade pitch controller. The results are confirmed by the higher-fidelity model FAST. A new indicator to express the optimal behavior through a single design criterion has been developed.     

柴燃并车试验台齿轮箱动态仿真与实验

以带同步超越离合器的并车齿轮箱传动系统的研究对象，讨论系统动力学模型，用模态分析法与状态空间法，对多自由度时变非线性方程组求解，利用所建的动态分析仿真模型，分别对柴或燃运行方式的斜齿柱齿轮传动系统动态仿真得出结果与实验结果相近，对柴燃联合动力装置切换点选择和数字仿真模型的确立有参考价值。     

Dynamic ice loads for offshore wind support structure design

For offshore wind farms which are planned in sub-arctic regions like the Baltic Sea and Bohai Bay, support structure design has to account for load effects from dynamic ice-structure interaction. There is relatively high uncertainty related to dynamic ice loads as little to no load- and response data of offshore wind turbines exposed to drifting ice exists. In the present study the potential for the development of ice-induced vibrations for an offshore wind turbine on monopile foundation is experimentally investigated. The experiments aimed to reproduce at scale the interaction of an idling and operational 14 MW turbine with ice representative of 50-year return period Southern Baltic Sea conditions. A real-time hybrid test setup was used to allow the incorporation of the specific modal properties of an offshore wind turbine at the ice action point, as well as virtual wind loading. The experiments showed that all known regimes of ice-induced vibrations develop depending on the magnitude of the ice drift speed. At low speed this is intermittent crushing and at intermediate speeds is ‘frequency lock-in’ in the second global bending mode of the turbine. For high ice speeds continuous brittle crushing was found. A new finding is the development of an interaction regime with a strongly amplified non-harmonic first-mode response of the structure, combined with higher modes after moments of global ice failure. The regime develops between speeds where intermittent crushing and frequency lock-in in the second global bending mode develop. The development of this regime can be related to the specific modal properties of the wind turbine, for which the second and third global bending mode can be easily excited at the ice action point. Preliminary numerical simulations with a phenomenological ice model coupled to a full wind turbine model show that intermittent crushing and the new regime result in the largest bending moments for a large part of the support structure. Frequency lock-in and continuous brittle crushing result in significantly smaller bending moments throughout the structure.     

压气机级间喷水燃气轮机循环分析

该文给出压气机组间喷水燃气轮机数学模型,并据此模型计算出压气机的出口温度、压缩功、涡轮进口温度、循环效率及输出功率随喷水量变化关系。分析了大气温度、压比及涡轮进口温度变化时的压气机级间喷水燃气轮机的性能变化规律,讨论了在压气机不同位置喷水对燃气轮机比功和循环效率等性能的影响。     

三轴燃机动态建模方法与仿真程序开发

燃气轮机动态仿真模型是研究燃机多变量控制理论、进行燃机健康管理等应用的重要基础,有着很强的实用价值。本文给出了一种基于迭代法的三轴燃气轮机设计点、非设计点和瞬态工作点性能计算通用程序的设计方法。仿真结果表明该方法设计的动态模型能较好的模拟燃机在不同工况下的性能变化,具有较好的应用前景。     

不同供油规律下的燃气轮机加速过程仿真

供油规律决定着燃气轮机的机动性,不同的供油规律对燃气轮机的性能有重大影响。为研究不同供油规律对燃气轮机加速过程的影响,本文首先采用面向对象的方法和非线性化建模方法建立了三轴燃气轮机的动态仿真模型,并通过稳态计算检验了模型的精确性;然后选取不同的供油规律,对燃气轮机的加速过程进行了仿真,得到了不同供油规律下转子转速的变化规律;最后对仿真结果进行了分析,比较了各种供油规律的优劣。     

Experimental study on seismic vibration control of an offshore wind turbine with TMD considering soil liquefaction effect

Wind energy is clean and sustainable. Taiwan is establishing offshore wind farms using wind turbines in the Taiwan Strait. However, these are located in an earthquake-prone area with sandy seabed conditions. To ensure their safety and reliability, the turbines’ support structure must be protected against wind, waves, and seismic loads. Tuned mass dampers (TMDs) are commonly employed to reduce structural vibrations. A TMD is more simply incorporated into turbine structures than are other energy dissipation devices. In this study, a 1:25-scale test model with a TMD was constructed and subjected to shaking table tests to experimentally simulate the dynamic behavior of a typical 5-MW wind turbine with a jacket-type support structure and pile foundation. The scaled-down wind turbine model has a nacelle without rotating blades; therefore, the aerodynamic and rotational effects due to the rotating blades were ignored in this study. A large laminar shear box filled with saturated sandy ground was used to simulate the typical seabed conditions of Taiwanese offshore wind farms. The TMD system was designed to be tuned the first-mode frequency of the test model. Two ground accelerations, selected by considering wind farm site condition and near-fault characteristics, were used for excitation in the test. The responses of the test model with and without the TMD system were compared, and the influence of soil liquefaction on the effectiveness of TMD vibration control was addressed.     

可变截面涡轮增压瞬态性能仿真研究

为研究可变截面涡轮喷嘴开度对发动机的性能影响,建立GT-power和MATLB/Simulink联合仿真模型。采用GT-power软件建立的TBD234V12可变截面涡轮增压柴油机仿真模型研究发动机稳态性能,联合MATLB/Simulink软件建立的可变截面涡轮增压柴油机控制模型,对发动机瞬态性能进行仿真计算。结果表明:在发动机瞬态工况下,可变截面涡轮增压系统可以明显改善常规增压柴油机的动力性、经济性和动态响应特性,并且有效降低增压柴油机的时滞性,涡轮迟滞时间的降幅约为30%。     

数值波浪水池中船舶水动力系数测试与分析技术

以CFD理论为基础,建立了数值波浪水池,给出了一种基于三维数值波浪水池的船舶水动力系数测试与分析技术。对Wigley-III船模在数值波浪水池中受迫振荡进行了数值模拟,计算分析了船体垂荡、纵摇及纵荡运动的附加质量与阻尼,并与三维势流理论计算结果进行了比较,两者吻合良好。此方法能准确给出浮式结构物的水动力系数,细致描述船舶周围的流场,可广泛应用于船舶与海洋工程浮式结构物的水动力性能研究。     

剪切流对水平轴潮流能水轮机水动力性能影响

为了研究剪切流下潮流能水平轴水轮机水动力载荷特性,本文基于CFD方法,建立剪切流模型,计算了剪切流下水平轴水轮机的水动力载荷,并分析得出剪切率对水动力载荷的影响规律。结果表明：剪切流情况下,水动力载荷系数时历曲线发生明显波动,除弯矩系数的波动频率和叶轮旋转频率一致外,其他系数的波动频率均是叶轮旋转频率的2倍,且剪切率越大,水动力载荷系数的波动幅值就越大;随着速比增大,弯矩系数的波动幅值逐渐增加,而侧向力系数波动幅值先增加再减小,在最优速比左右达到最大值。研究成果可为潮流能水平轴水轮机的结构设计和性能优化提供依据。     

一种船用燃气轮机强跟踪扩展卡尔曼滤波器健康参数估计方法（英文）

Monitoring and evaluating the health parameters of marine gas turbine engine help in developing predictive control techniques and maintenance schedules. Because the health parameters are unmeasurable, researchers estimate them only based on the available measurement parameters. Kalman filter-based approaches are the most commonly used estimation approaches; however, the conventional Kalman filter-based approaches have a poor robustness to the model uncertainty, and their ability to track the mutation condition is influenced by historical data. Therefore, in this paper, an improved Kalman filter-based algorithm called the strong tracking extended Kalman filter(STEKF) approach is proposed to estimate the gas turbine health parameters. The analytical expressions of Jacobian matrixes are deduced by non-equilibrium point analytical linearization to address the problem of the conventional approaches. The proposed approach was used to estimate the health parameters of a two-shaft marine gas turbine engine in the simulation environment and was compared with the extended Kalman filter(EKF) and the unscented Kalman filter(UKF). The results show that the STEKF approach not only has a computation cost similar to that of the EKF approach but also outperforms the EKF approach when the health parameters change abruptly and the noise mean value is not zero.     

气垫船垫升推进系统控制仿真

以某型气垫船的动力系统为对象,建立了垫升推进系统的数学模型及船体的运动学模型,并以SIMULINK为平台对该系统进行了仿真建模[1],在此基础上,通过对系统动态特性的分析,对该系统进行了简单PID控制器和串级PID控制器的设计,并分别对两类控制系统进行了动态仿真和比较分析.仿真结果表明,串级PID控制系统较简单PID控制系统具有更为优越的动态性能,能较好地保证气垫船的垫态稳定性,以满足工程要求.