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油气管道是连接油田、炼厂上下游的重要部分,油气的安全输送是保证油气产量的关键。油气管道运行时的内外部因素给管道安全带来隐患,在油气管道安全运行中引入GIS测绘系统,采集油气管道安全管理相关数据,并对数据进行分析和处理,为管道安全运行提供了决策依据,有效地消除了管道运行安全隐患。 相似文献
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金属管道材料与周围介质发生化学、电化学或物理作用成为金属化合物,造成管道金属体受损,甚者可能造成管道穿孔,使油气发生泄漏,影响正常输油气生产,造成环境污染等事故。文中介绍了长输油气管线外腐蚀类型,对外腐蚀缺陷的定义及现行的输油气管道外腐蚀缺陷修复的主要技术做了说明,对各种修复技术的优缺点做了比较,以表格的形式对不同的外腐蚀缺陷类型的修复方法做了汇总,并通过实例说明了部分方法在管线外腐蚀缺陷修复中的应用。 相似文献
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中俄油气管道敷设在高寒地区,应解决冻土地质灾害、特殊环境维抢修和低温腐蚀防护问题。文中介绍了标准对标以及借鉴国外高寒区管道先进实践经验。管道施工技术方面,低温环境钢管韧性试验指标更严格,研制大口径专用铺管机、管沟回填工艺预防机械损伤。管道维抢修技术方面,定期开展基线检测评估和应用热棒技术防治管道冻胀融沉,研发冻土/沼泽维抢修机械,严格焊接前预热、防风雪和保温措施,保证低温焊接质量。低温腐蚀防护方面,优选牺牲阳极保护技术和柔性阳极技术。借鉴国外管道先进做法有助于提高国内高寒区管道建设和运行管理水平。 相似文献
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含缺陷管道安全评定技术研究是油气管道施工与生产管理中的一个重要内容。系统分析了油气管道主要力学条件并综合考虑管道表面体积型缺陷等影响因素,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件的二次开发功能,运用VS2005、Access、ANSYS及其APDL语言,开发了含缺陷管道安全评定系统。该系统实现了数据库管理,含任意形貌的外缺陷、内缺陷和凹痕缺陷管道的参数化建模,非线性有限元分析以及安全评定,能够对多条管线全部缺陷的单一分析、组合分析进行全自动批量处理和控制,能够用于在役管线安全评定分析,为含缺陷管线的分析研究提供了有力工具。 相似文献
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"超限超载"的产生与发展,蕴藏着深层的内在运作机理,包含着复杂的经济社会原因.其中道路货物运输价格体系的长期扭曲失衡与成本结构的有欠合理是一个不容忽视的根本原因.为此,公路所开展了货运市场运价与成本"治超"专项研究,先后历时一个多月,行程数千公里,深入7省市运输一线,对21家典型企业和个体业户的23辆货车、24条线路进行了跟踪调查,获取了大量的第一手资料与原始数据,并对此进行了解析. 相似文献
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Ngila Mwase† 《运输评论》2013,33(3):191-206
Zambia has attempted to reduce her excessive transport dependency on her traditional transport routes via South Africa and the former Portugese colonies. The costly construction of the Tanzania‐Zambia Railway (TAZARA) was part of this diversification strategy. This article examines the nature, extent and direction of Zambian traffic, including its historical evolution. It explores further the place of TAZARA among the various routes to Mozambican, Angolan and South African ports, and the ensuing actual and potential competition. Future traffic patterns will be influenced not only by the direct and service‐oriented costs of the different lines, but also by the region's volatile and uncertain political climate. 相似文献
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章简略地分析了单线循环固定抱索器索道抱索器移位及索道频繁开停车对索道运载索、驱动机减速器、制动器等部件使用寿命的影响,并提出了相应的减轻这些影响的技术对策。 相似文献
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Robert E. Paaswell 《Transportation》1973,2(4):351-371
An examination of current population statistics shows that in the U.S. more than half of the population is without immediate access to a car, and in the U.K. more than three-fifths of the population is without access to a car. This phenomenon has been accentuated by national investment in both countries in major highway programs. The term carless refers to more than just households that own no cars. It extends, in households with cars to those without licenses (old and young), the handicapped, and even the licensed drivers who have no access to the family car when it is in use elsewhere (e.g. at work). The most severely effected are those in urban areas and especially the urban poor. Transportation expenses are limited for the poor when other family expenditures (food, shelter) take a high priority. Once the work trip has been satisfied, money for other trips, for the poor, is not always available. One solution to cost-free travel is pedestrianism (walking), but this too is difficult in urban areas where the pedestrian has been overlooked in favor of the car. Solutions to problems of the carless include dial-a-ride, better public transit, and better design of urban form. 相似文献
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针对海中箱梁现浇施工中的工程量大、工期紧迫、悬臂法施工不能满足工期要求和施工难度大等问题,文章结合青岛海湾大桥箱梁现浇施工实践,介绍以钢管桩支撑作为承载基础,采用贝雷梁与碗扣式支架相结合的支架,成功地解决现浇箱梁施工难题的方法。 相似文献
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