磁流变半主动悬架动力学特性的试验研究

通过台架试验为自制磁流变减振器建立可控阻尼力-励磁模型以便于计算机控制,并根据1/4车辆半主动悬架动力学模型确定天棚阻尼开关控制算法和LQR最优控制算法的相关参数;应用Labview模块化语言开发了数据采集与预处理、控制算法和计算机与PWM通信控制等模块,并在1/4车辆悬架试验台上进行半主动振动控制与无控制的对比试验.结果表明,自制的磁流变减振器结合所开发的控制算法能有效抑制车辆振动.     

汽车磁流变半主动座椅悬架动态特性的试验研究

为进一步提高汽车的乘坐舒适性,研发了一种汽车座椅半主动悬架用磁流变减振器,并对其进行阻尼特性试验,通过分析其受力情况,建立了汽车半主动座椅悬架动力学模型,设计了用于座椅磁流变半主动悬架的天棚控制策略,并在随机和正弦激励输入下进行了座椅天棚控制仿真计算,试制了磁流变半主动座椅物理样机及试验台架系统,开展了磁流变半主动座椅悬架的台架试验研究。结果表明,理论仿真和试验结果基本吻合,磁流变减振器阻尼可控性好;相对于被动座椅悬架,采用磁流变半主动座椅悬架后,座椅动态性能改善了30%左右,磁流变半主动座椅悬架减振效果显著。     

基于硬件在环与远程参数控制技术的半主动悬架车辆道路模拟试验

针对半主动悬架车辆减振器存在宽泛阻尼特性区间而难以进行道路模拟试验的问题,提出了一种基于硬件在环(HIL)与远程参数控制(RPC)技术的半主动悬架车辆道路模拟试验方法,由RPC系统提供CAN报文动态信号,HIL系统仿真CAN报文静态信号,并整合CAN报文,发送给悬架电子控制单元(ECU),悬架ECU为主动减振器提供控制指令,控制减振器特性状态,RPC系统对车辆与台架系统进行频响函数求解、迭代,驱动台架系统运行,从而实现了对半主动悬架车辆的道路模拟试验。     

考虑边界约束的阀控阻尼可调半主动悬架显式混杂模型预测控制

针对阀控阻尼可调半主动悬架减振器输出阻尼力存在的边界约束,引入混合逻辑动态理论,建立半主动悬架混杂系统整车模型。确立半主动悬架模型预测控制的二次型目标函数,采用多参数规划技术显式求解半主动悬架混杂系统模型预测控制问题。在随机路面输入工况下进行仿真验证结果表明,阀控阻尼可调半主动悬架的显式混杂模型预测控制能在兼顾操纵稳定性的同时,有效改善车辆的乘坐舒适性。     

车辆半主动悬架系统设计与试验研究

在可调减振器设计及试验的基础上,建立了半主动悬架系统的数学模型,分析了模糊控制半主动悬架系统的动态性能,开发了以C8051F005单片机为主控件的半主动悬架模糊控制器,搭建了半主动悬架全真试验台,并进行了台架试验.结果表明,设计的半主动悬架及其控制系统性能稳定、可靠,汽车行驶平顺性明显优于传统被动悬架,为半主动悬架的实际应用奠定了基础.     

电磁阀控制半主动悬架可调减振器的研制

建立了某越野车7自由度模型,分析了该车辆在直线行驶、加速-制动以及转向工况下悬架阻尼变化对车辆稳定性和乘坐舒适性的影响。研制了电磁阀控制阻尼可调减振器,并进行了减振器示功试验、速度特性台架试验,得出被动减振器及可调减振器的示功图和速度特性曲线。结果表明,该可调减振器的软、硬阻尼力随速度的变化有明显的区别,说明基本达到了阻尼的软、硬可调。     

基于ADAMS和响应面法的汽车悬架阻尼优化与试验

基于响应面法和ADAMS/Car虚拟样机模型,在不改变悬架刚度前提下,根据不同的行驶条件对前、后悬架阻尼参数进行了优化匹配.设计了前、后悬架可调阻尼减振器并进行台架性能测试.将可调阻尼减振器装车进行随机路面平顺性试验的结果表明,采用优化后悬架阻尼参数的整车行驶平顺性得到改善,验证了响应面法和阻尼优化匹配方案的有效性.     

转向工况下汽车半主动悬架模糊PID控制

根据汽车系统动力学原理及牛顿力学定律建立了转向工况下的半主动悬架整车数学模型,并将模糊规则控制与传统PID控制相结合,设计了基于可调阻尼减振器的汽车半主动悬架模糊PID控制器.运用Matlab7.0/Simulink6.0软件对此控制系统进行了仿真计算,结果表明,该控制器有效改善了汽车在转向工况下的动态性能,保持了良好的车身姿态,提高了乘坐舒适性.     

阻尼连续可调的油气悬架设计与试验

为了适应不同路况车况,针对某多轴重型车辆,设计了阻尼连续可调油气悬架,利用流体力学理论,推导了主要阻尼阀的数学模型,在对其结构和原理分析的基础上,建立了悬架系统数学模型。通过仿真及台架试验,验证了阻尼连续可调功能的可行性及悬架系统数学模型的正确性。悬架系统阻尼力与比例溢流阀电压成正比,通过对比例溢流阀电压的控制实现悬架系统阻尼连续可调,为后续的基于整车平顺性的阻尼连续控制研究提供理论基础。     

附加气室容积可调空气悬架多目标参数匹配

将二次寻优方法应用于附加气室容积可调空气悬架系统参数匹配中,构建附加气室容积可调空气悬架系统的1/4车辆模型,并通过台架试验对模型进行验证。利用遗传算法,以不同工况下的车辆行驶平顺性为目标,渐进完成附加气室容积、减振器阻尼的参数匹配。分析匹配后的车辆综合性能表明,簧上质量垂向加速度得到有效抑制,轮胎动载荷及悬架动行程控制在允许范围内,车辆在多种工况下的综合力学性能改善。     

汽车磁流变半主动悬架的控制研究

为了改善汽车的乘坐舒适性和行驶安全性,提出了一种汽车磁流变半主动悬架的控制策略。首先,设计了磁流变减振器的工作模式,通过试验获得了其速度特性和力学特性,建立了磁流变减振器的数学模型;其次,建立了带磁流变减振器的二自由度车辆简化模型及其参数表;最后,基于双环控制理论,设计了一种控制系统,其外环产生理想的结构阻尼力,内环调节电流驱动器的电流,以使磁流变减振器实时地产生控制阻尼力。仿真结果表明:以磁流变减振器为基础,通过半主动控制技术,悬架系统的振动动态性能得到了有效的控制。     

Generalized magnetorheological (MR) damper model and its application in semi-active control of vehicle suspension system

In this paper, analytical characterization of the magneto-rheological (MR) damper is done using a new modified algebraic model. Algebraic model is also more preferable because of its low computational expenses compared to differential Bouc-Wen’s model which is highly computationally demanding. This model along with the obtained model parameters is used as a semi-active suspension device in a quarter car model and the stationary response of the vehicle traversing on a rough road is obtained. The control part consists of two nested controllers. One of them is the system controller which generates the desired damping force and the other is the damper controller which adjusts the voltage level to MR damper so as to track the desired damping force. For the system controller a model reference skyhook Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) is used and for the damper controller a continuous state algorithm is built to determine the input voltage so as to gain the desired damping force. The analytical model is subsequently used in the quarter car vehicle model and the vehicular responses are studied. A simulation study is performed to prove the effectiveness and robustness of the semi-active control approach. Results show that the semi-active controller can achieve compatible performance as that of active suspension controller except for a little deterioration.     

Sliding mode observation and control for semiactive vehicle suspensions

This paper investigates the application of robust, nonlinear observation and control strategies, namely sliding mode observation and control (SMOC), to semiactive vehicle suspensions using a model reference approach. The vehicle suspension models include realistic nonlinearities in the spring and magnetorheological (MR) damper elements, and the nonlinear reference models incorporate skyhook damping. Since full state measurement is difficult to achieve in practice, a sliding mode observer (SMO) that requires only suspension deflection as a measured input is developed. The performance and robustness of sliding mode control (SMC), SMO, and SMOC are demonstrated through comprehensive computer simulations and compared to popular alternatives. The results of these simulations reveal the benefits of sliding mode observation and control for improved ride quality, and should be directly transferable to commercial semiactive vehicle suspension implementations.     

Sliding mode observation and control for semiactive vehicle suspensions

This paper investigates the application of robust, nonlinear observation and control strategies, namely sliding mode observation and control (SMOC), to semiactive vehicle suspensions using a model reference approach. The vehicle suspension models include realistic nonlinearities in the spring and magnetorheological (MR) damper elements, and the nonlinear reference models incorporate skyhook damping. Since full state measurement is difficult to achieve in practice, a sliding mode observer (SMO) that requires only suspension deflection as a measured input is developed. The performance and robustness of sliding mode control (SMC), SMO, and SMOC are demonstrated through comprehensive computer simulations and compared to popular alternatives. The results of these simulations reveal the benefits of sliding mode observation and control for improved ride quality, and should be directly transferable to commercial semiactive vehicle suspension implementations.     

馈能式磁流变减振器自供电特性研究

本文设计了集馈能与减振功能于一体的磁流变减振器,从能量传递的角度出发,分析了馈能式磁流变悬架系统能量流动路径,提出了馈能式磁流变减振器自供电准则。通过建立1/4馈能式悬架系统模型和基于广义回归神经网络的减振器控制器进行仿真分析,以确定所设计的磁流变减振器在不同路面激励下的自供电工作范围。     

Active Suspension Control to Improve Vehicle Ride and Handling

In practice most active vehicle suspension work can be traced to two sources, Lotus' modal control and Karnopp's skyhook damper. A model is developed which allows comparison of different active suspension control algorithms. The Lotus modal control algorithm is reviewed, and compared with Karnopp's skyhook damper. It is shown that a tight inner closed loop allows the Lotus algorithm to achieve the inertial damping described by Kamopp for a single comer or quarter car. It is suggested that to achieve simultaneously high inertial damping and good disturbance rejection an inner force loop is desirable. A vehicle control scheme is presented which combines the Lotus modal decomposition with Karnopp's skyhook damper, allowing nearly optimal ride and simultaneously permitting modification of vehicle handling properties.     

Semiactive Suspension Design with an Optimal Gain Switching Target

The paper presents a two-phase design technique for semiactive suspensions. In the first phase, we use a procedure proposed by Yoshida et al. to compute a target active control law that can be implemented by Optimal Gain Switching. This control law is such that the force generated by the suspension system is bounded within a set U . In the second phase, we approximate this target by controlling the damper coefficient of the semiactive suspension. We also compute the region of the state space in which the force generated by the semiactive suspension is still within the set U . The results of several simulations show that the use of a semiactive suspension leads to minimal loss with respect to optimal performance of an active suspension.     

Semiactive Suspension Design with an Optimal Gain Switching Target

The paper presents a two-phase design technique for semiactive suspensions. In the first phase, we use a procedure proposed by Yoshida et al. to compute a target active control law that can be implemented by Optimal Gain Switching. This control law is such that the force generated by the suspension system is bounded within a set U. In the second phase, we approximate this target by controlling the damper coefficient of the semiactive suspension. We also compute the region of the state space in which the force generated by the semiactive suspension is still within the set U. The results of several simulations show that the use of a semiactive suspension leads to minimal loss with respect to optimal performance of an active suspension.     

Design of a Predictive Semiactive Suspension System

In this paper we present an original design procedure for semiactive suspension systems. Firstly, we consider a target active control law that takes the form of a feedback control law. Secondly, we approximate the target law by controlling the damper coefficient f of the semiactive suspension. In particular, we examine two different kinds of shock absorbers: the first one uses magneto-rheological fluid instead of oil, while the second one is a solenoid valve damper. In both cases the nonlinear characteristics force-velocity of the damper are used to approximate the target law. To improve the efficiency of the proposed system, we take into account the updating frequency of the coefficient f and compute the expected value of f using a predictive procedure. We also address the problem of designing an asymptotic state observer that can be used not only to estimate the current state but also to predict the value that the state will take at the next sampling time.     

汽车磁流变半主动悬架自适应模糊控制研究

针对汽车磁流变半主动悬架存在非线性及不确定性等因素而难以控制的问题,提出采用自适应模糊控制策略并进行了研究。在分析磁流变减振器输入输出特性的基础上,针对1/4车辆悬架模型设计了自适应模糊控制器并进行了仿真分析。以某微型车为试验用车,搭建了平顺性道路试验系统,进行了不同车速、不同控制策略(自适应模糊控制和天棚控制)下的随机路面试验,试验结果与仿真结果相吻合,说明将自适应模糊策略应用于半主动控制是可行的,能够抑制车身的垂直振动,提高乘坐的舒适性,且控制效果要优于天棚控制。