Prediction of interior noise by excitation force of the powertrain based on hybrid transfer path analysis

In the early design stage of a vehicle, simulation of interior noise is useful for assessment and enhancement of the noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) performance. Traditional transfer path analysis (TPA) technology cannot simulate interior noise since it uses an experimental method. In order to solve this problem, hybrid TPA is employed in this paper. Hybrid TPA uses simulated excitation force as the input force, which excites the flexible body of a car at the mount points, while traditional TPA uses the measured force. This simulated force is obtained by numerical analysis of the finite element (FE) model of a powertrain. Interior noise is predicted by multiplying the simulated force by the vibro-acoustic transfer function (VATF) of the vehicle. The VATF is the acoustic response in the compartment of a car to the input force at the mount point of the powertrain in the flexible car body. The trend of the predicted interior noise based on the hybrid TPA corresponds very well to the measured interior noise, with some difference due to not only experimental error and simulation error, but also the effect of the airborne path.     

燃料电池轿车车内噪声传递路径分析研究

介绍了传递路径分析(TPA)方法,对结构传递和空气传播噪声理论分析和试验方法进行探讨,通过燃料电池轿车怠速工况车内噪声的传递路径试验,测量并计算得到传递函数,结合实际激励进行车内噪声合成,合成结果和原始声音比较接近,结构传递噪声是主要成分,最后通过路径贡献分析识别出主要传递路径。     

车辆加速横向抖动前期开发控制

为分析某款城市越野车在加速过程中横向耸动的现象,文章通过测试分析,发现半轴轴向派生力的激励频率与动力总成的横向模态耦合,是引起车辆横向抖动的根本原因。文章以人体感知,制定了车辆抖动的目标;以动力总成、悬置、整车和减振器组建12自由度模型,以此解析加速行驶工况下动力总成刚体横向模态;以半轴轴向派生力与座椅之间的振动数学模型,建立了车辆加速工况横向抖动问题的研究方法。CAE分析及试验测试结果表明:通过控制半轴的轴向派生力或动力总成的横向模态可以控制车辆的横向抖动。     

纯电动汽车永磁同步电机引起车内啸叫的分析及优化

纯电动汽车永磁同步电机是影响整车的NVH性能主要激励源之一,通过对驱动电机定子的分析与优化,能有效降低电机谐频激励,减小电机振动,从而提高整车NVH舒适性。文章以一款纯电动车型为例,重点讲述通过测试排查减速能量回收车内啸叫问题,确认驱动电机24阶、48阶激励通过结构和空气传递到车内,引起车内中高频啸叫声,最终优化驱动电机定子绕组得以改善,达到优化车内噪声的目的,为纯电动汽车NVH性能开发和优化提供参考与借鉴。     

汽车加速车内轰鸣声控制研究

针对某汽车加速时出现的车内轰鸣声问题,运用频谱分析、阶次分析、传递路径分析等识别出产生轰鸣声的原因,并提出改进措施。     

动力总成悬置系统优化方法的对比研究

简述了动力总成悬置系统传递路径优化方法和能量解耦优化方法,应用这两种优化方法对某轿车的悬置系统进行优化,并从悬置刚度、能量解耦、振动传递率和车内振动4个方面进行对比。结果表明,与能量解耦优化方法相比,传递路径优化方法虽然在能量解耦方面相对较差,但在振动传递率和车内振动控制方面都较好,因而是一种可以满足整车要求并能更好地衰减振动的有效方法和新思路。     

车内低频振动噪声的虚拟传递路径分析

传递路径分析法是诊断汽车振动噪声问题准确有效的方法。试验传递路径分析耗时耗力且需要实制样车,为在整车开发初期诊断汽车振动噪声问题,对整车虚拟传递路径分析法进行了研究。首先建立了包含底盘的整车声固耦合有限元模型,采用频率响应法预测车内声学振动响应,发现驾驶员右耳声压在38 Hz处以及驾驶员座椅导轨振动在59 Hz处存在较大峰值。在有限元模型基础上建立了整车虚拟传递路径分析模型,该模型合成的声学振动结果与频率响应法结果吻合较好,验证了模型的正确性。利用虚拟传递路径法对两处峰值作诊断分析,根据分析结果对贡献量大的路径进行优化。优化结果表明,38 Hz处驾驶员右耳声压降低2 dB,59 Hz处座椅振动改善效果明显。     

关于某动力总成悬置支架的优化设计

本文针对某动力总成悬置系统NVH性能道路试验中,全油门缓加速工况受发动机频率激振影响,某悬置主动侧支架发生共振,导致在260Hz左右产生车内结构噪声的情况,采用hypermech-nastran有限元软件建立该悬置支架的有限元模型对其模态进行分析,并根据模态分析结果对该悬置支架设计优化。最后通过道路试验结果验证悬置支架结构设计优化的正确性,可使整车在全油门缓加速工况260Hz附近的振动和车内噪声明显降低。     

轮毂电机驱动电动微型车车内噪声道路试验分析

通过道路试验的方法针对四轮轮毂电机驱动电动微型车车内噪声问题进行振源、传递途径以及主要贡献板件识别.分析中分别加速工况、回馈制动工况和匀速行驶工况下车内噪声和结构振动信号进行测量,通过对试验数据时间域、频率域、阶次跟踪分析发现:轮毂电机引起的6阶振动是车身结构振动和车内噪声的振源;不同频率范围内车身各结构板件对车内噪声有不同的影响并进行了相关的分析.试验结果对轮毂电机驱动电动车的进一步开发具有参考价值.     

汽油机进气系统噪声仿真技术研究

基于非线性平面波理论和流阻分析技术,建立了汽油机进气系统噪声仿真平台,并进行了某汽油机匹配原进气系统管口噪声和流阻计算,计算结果与试验结果的对比表明该进气系统噪声仿真方法可行.针对某微型车更换动力总成后车内噪声没有达到目标样车水平的问题,提出了2种空气滤清器改进方案,并分别进行了2种方案的进气系统管口噪声仿真计算.结果表明,方案2最优,其不仅能降低某些转速的峰值噪声,还能保证车辆的动力性.     

Theoretical and experimental excitation force spectra for railway-induced ground vibration: vehicle–track–soil interaction,irregularities and soil measurements

Excitation force spectra are necessary for a realistic prediction of railway-induced ground vibration. The excitation forces cause the ground vibration and they are themselves a result of irregularities passed by the train. The methods of the related analyses – the wavenumber integration for the wave propagation in homogeneous or layered soils, the combined finite-element boundary-element method for the vehicle–track–soil interaction – have already been presented and are the base for the advanced topic of this contribution. This contribution determines excitation force spectra of railway traffic by two completely different methods. The forward analysis starts with vehicle, track and soil irregularities, which are taken from literature and axle-box measurements, calculates the vehicle–track interaction and gets theoretical force spectra as the result. The second method is a backward analysis from the measured ground vibration of railway traffic. A calculated or measured transfer function of the soil is used to determine the excitation force spectrum of the train. A number of measurements of different soils and different trains with different speeds are analysed in that way. Forward and backward analysis yield the same approximate force spectra with values around 1 kN for each axle and third of octave.     

某重卡动力总成悬置系统隔振分析方法研究

为研究动力总成悬置系统隔振分析方法,论文以某重卡为研究对象,建立整车刚柔耦合多体动力学模型,并分别将柔性车架和刚性车架整车模型仿真结果与试验结果进行对比,最大误差分别为8.9%和25.1%,表明柔性车架整车模型与试验结果更为接近,能够用于动力总成隔振率的计算。为了简化分析过程,论文研究了基于柔性车架整车模型的3种简化方法,结果表明简化模型隔振率与试验结果相差最大为12.3%,与简化前相比隔振率相差最大为5.34%,因此,在车辆设计初期,没有实车及详细整车参数的条件下,利用简化后的模型可用于隔振率的仿真计算。该研究为动力总成隔振率计算提供了一定的理论指导,具有重要的工程应用价值。     

Matlab-based modeling,simulation and design package for Eletric,Hydraulic and Flywheel hybrid powertrains of a city bus

In this paper a package for designing, modelling and simulation of three hybrid powertrains are presented. These powertrains are Electric hybrid, Hydraulic hybrid and Flywheel hybrid. The differences among the proposed hybrid powertrains include the energy storage system components, the secondary power converter and also the powertrain configuration. The O457 city bus is considered as the benchmark vehicle. At first, the design process for each hybrid powertrain which is based on the power requirements of the bus in any driving condition is presented. Then, the powertrains modelling using MATLAB/Simulink as a powerful simulating tool is presented. The models are feed-forward and resemble the real world driving conditions. Each model has the blocks for the main components of the corresponding propulsion system. The most important stage in the modeling process is implementing of the components efficiency in each powertrain. Moreover, there is a block in each hybrid powertrain model for the energy management. Finally, the simulation results for comparing the usefulness of the hybrid powertrains are presented. The results indicate that the electric hybrid powertrain has the most effect on reducing the bus fuel consumption. But regarding the fabrication expenses and manufacturing complexity, the hydraulic hybrid powertrain is recommended.     

混合动力电动汽车减振降噪技术研究

在介绍混合动力电动汽车结构和工作特性的基础上,分析了混合动力电动汽车由于动力源增加、驱动桥改变和工作模式不同,导致其振动和噪声相对于传统内燃机汽车发生了较大改变,并针对这些改变归纳和提出了减振降噪的技术。     

Topological analysis of powertrains for refuse-collecting vehicles based on real routes–Part I: Hybrid hydraulic powertrain

In this two-part paper, a topological analysis of powertrains for refuse-collecting vehicles (RCVs) based on the simulation of different architectures (internal combustion engine, hybrid electric, and hybrid hydraulic) on real routes is proposed. In this first part, a characterization of a standard route is performed, analyzing the average power consumption and the most frequent working points of an internal combustion engine (ICE) in real routes. This information is used to define alternative powertrain architectures. A hybrid hydraulic powertrain architecture is proposed and modelled. The proposed powertrain model is executed using two different control algorithms, with and without predictive strategies, with data obtained from real routes. A calculation engine (an algorithm which runs the vehicle models on real routes), is presented and used for simulations. This calculation engine has been specifically designed to analyze if the different alternative powertrain delivers the same performance of the original ICE. Finally, the overall performance of the different architectures and control strategies are summarized into a fuel and energy consumption table, which will be used in the second part of this paper to compare with the different architectures based on hybrid electric powertrain. The overall performance of the different architectures indicates that the use of a hybrid hydraulic powertrain with simple control laws can reduce the fuel consumption up to a 14 %.     

动力总成异常振动的研究

针对某SUV车动力总成产生的异常振动,运用自主开发的模态分析系统,通过动力总成单独的模态试验及整车的道路试验和转鼓试验,连续测量换挡杆的振动信号并进行分析处理。结果表明,换挡杆异常振动的根本原因是飞轮壳和离合器壳刚度相对较低,以致动力总成固有频率偏低,落在发动机工作转速对应的2阶激振频率区间而引起共振。通过对飞轮壳的结构进行改进,消除了换挡杆的异常振动。     

汽车动力总成隔振难点与被动悬置改进技术

简述了发动机导致车内噪声的两种方式,即振动传递方式和辐射方式.基于发动机的激励特点和传递方式论述了发动机对整车振动噪声的影响规律及控制措施.基于动力总成隔振悬置需要满足的诸多冲突因素和约束条件,论述了汽车动力总成隔振设计难点,并阐述了被动式悬置改进技术.     

Powertrain system optimization for a heavy-duty hybrid electric bus

This research concerns the design of a powertrain system for a plug-in parallel diesel hybrid electric bus equipped with a continuously variable transmission (CVT) and presents a new design paradigm for the plug-in hybrid electric bus (HEB). The criteria and method for selecting and sizing powertrain components equipped in the plug-in HEB are presented. The plug-in HEB is designed to overcome the vulnerable limitations of driving range and performance of a purely electric vehicle (EV), and it is also designed to improve the fuel economy and exhaust emissions of conventional buses and conventional HEBs. Optimization of the control strategy for the complicated and interconnected propulsion system in the plug-in parallel HEB is one of the most significant factors for achieving higher fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions in the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). In this research, the proposed control strategy was simulated to prove its validity using the ADVISOR (advanced vehicle simulator) analysis simulation tool.     

声传递向量法在汽车驱动桥声辐射中的应用

为了分析和控制汽车动力传动系统的辐射噪声,应用声传递向量法对动力传动系统进行结构声辐射仿真研究.以汽车驱动桥为例,运用声传递向量仿真算法,计算得到驱动桥壳体表面辐射声压级、外场域点声压级等声学响应,并且在研制的汽车驱动桥性能试验台上进行试验.结果表明:仿真结果与试验结果吻合良好,声传递向量法在进行汽车动力传动系统声振分析时具有很高的可信度和良好的识别能力,是汽车产品设计过程中适用于结构声振分析的可靠仿真方法.     

汽车迟滞非线性动力系统仿真研究

通过轿车副车架橡胶支承的动态特性试验,实现了橡胶支承迟滞非线性特性的数学建模和参数识别。用动态子结构方法将整车模型划分为多个子结构,采用含连接子结构的自由界面模态综合法建立了整车非线性流固耦合模型。用MontoCarlo法模拟路面激励谱和发动机随机激励力谱,利用整车结构-声学耦合系统的运动微分方程,在时域内对路面激励和发动机激励产生的振动和车内噪声特性进行仿真模拟,并通过道路试验和台架试验对计算结果进行了验证。