Fracture Mechanics for a Mode Ⅲ Crack in a Piezoelectromagnetic Material

Analytical solutions for a Griffith crack inside an infinite piezoelectromagnetic medium under combined mechanical-electrical-magnetic loadings are formulated using integral transform method. The singular stress, electric and magnetic fields in the piezoelectromagnetic material are obtained by the theory of linear piezoelectromagneticity. Fourier transforms are used to reduce the mixed boundary value problems of the crack, which is assumed to be permeable, to dual integral equations. The solution of the dual integral equations is then expressed analytically. Expressions for strains, stresses, electric fields, electric displacements, magnetic fields and magnetic inductions in the vicinity of the crack tip are derived. Field intensity factors and energy release rate for piezoelectromagnetic material are obtained. The stresses, electric displacements and magnetic inductions at the crack tip show the traditional square root singularities; and the electric field intensity factor (EFIF) and the magnetic field intensity factor (MFIF) are always zero.     

Fracture Mechanics for a Mode Ⅲ Crack in a Piezoelectromagnetic Material

Analytical solutions for a Griffith crack inside an infinite piezoelectromagnetic medium under combined mechanical-electrical-magnetic loadings are formulated using integral transform method. The singular stress, elec tric and magnetic fields in the piezoelectromagnetic material are obtained by the theory of linear piezoelectromagneticity. Fourier transforms are used to reduce the mixed boundary value problems of the crack, which is as sumed to be permeable, to dual integral equations. The solution of the dual integral equations is then expressed analytically. Expressions for strains, stresses, electric fields, electric displacements, magnetic fields and magnetic inductions in the vicinity of the crack tip are derived. Field intensity factors and energy release rate for piezoelectromagnetic material are obtained. The stresses, electric displacements and magnetic inductions at the crack tip show the traditional square root singularities; and the electric field intensity factor （EFIF） and the magnetic field intensity factor （MFIF） are always zero.     

有自由面渗流分析的改进节点虚流量全域迭代法

对节点虚流量法进行了改进,严格扣除过渡区中虚流量贡献,使虚流流量的处理在理论上更严密,关键的溢出点位置计算更精细.提出在全部渗流区域的迭代算法,避免了以往算法在迭代过程抛弃虚单元、计算域网格发生变化的做法,从而使算法编程更简单,使用范围更广.算例验证了该算法的正确性和实用性.     

时间相关Aharonov—Bohm磁通驱动下介观环中的超电流

利用时间相关Ａｈａｒｏｎｏｖ－Ｂｏｈｍ（ＡＢ）型磁通驱动下介观弹道环中单电子波函数的单值性，讨论了含时驱动下环中超电流的周期变化特性。结果表明，时间相关的ＡＢ型磁通φ（ｔ）可以在环上感应出电场Ｅ（ｔ）≠０，但不影响超电流的幅度大小而令影响其频率。     

用波浪辐射动量应力分析波浪减水现象

从雷诺输运方程出发,推出动量流的应力张量表达式ρvivl,沿整个控制体的外表面做曲面积分(对坐标的曲面积分),得到的是一个合力,称为“辐射动量应力”.并将这种新计算方法求得的结果应用于求解波浪减水方程,与传统减水方程比较后得出:“辐射动量应力”不仅体现了“辐射应力”的本质特征,还拓展了辐射应力的适应范围.     

Magnetic Tile Surface Defect Detection Based on Texture Feature Clustering

In the field of magnetic tile surface detection, artificial detection efficiency is low, and the traditional image segmentation algorithm cannot show good performance when the gray scale of the magnetic tile itself is small, or the image is affected by uneven illumination. In view of these questions, this paper puts forward a new clustering segmentation algorithm based on texture feature. This algorithm uses Gabor function spectra to represent magnetic tile surface texture and then uses a user-defined local product coefficient to modify Gabor energy spectra to get the center number of fuzzy C-means(FCM) clustering. Moreover, the user-defined Gabor energy spectra image is segmented by clustering algorithm. Finally, it extracts the magnetic tile surface defects according to the changes of regional gray characteristics. Experiments show that the algorithm effectively overcomes the noise interference and makes a good performance on accuracy and robustness, which can effectively detect crack,damage, pit and other defects on the magnetic tile surface.     

高频谐波电场下电缆终端过热点的形成机理

为解决高频谐波电场下应力控制型电缆终端绝缘迅速损坏的问题,探讨了高频谐波电场下应力控制型电缆终端过热点的形成与谐波电压频率之间的关系.对中压电力系统高频谐波电场进行了模拟试验,对其电缆终端进行了红外热成像分析以及瞬态非线性电场分析.研究结果表明:在高频谐波电场下,电缆终端表面局部区域形成明显的过热点,过热点的温度随叠加谐波频率的增加而升高;叠加的高频电压成分对过热点的形成具有较大影响,导致在局部区域形成明显的高场效应;随着谐波电压频率从100 Hz增大到20 kHz,该电缆终端局部区域的电场和发热量都呈现明显增大的趋势.     

无机结合料稳定材料层施工方法分析

论述公路路面无机结合料基层的分类,从路拌法施工、中心站集中厂拌法施工和养生及交通管制等方面分析无机结合粒料的施工方法,并阐明严格控制粒料原材料的质量,控制基层材料的级配组成,按照要求和程序进行碾压是控制无机结合粒料基层施工质量的关键。     

折角控制的谐波分析及实现

就直接转矩控制中运用折角的方法得到的十八边形磁链轨迹的谐波含量进行了分析，提出了在原六边形磁链轨迹基础上实现折角十八边形磁链轨迹的方法，并可顺利地实现了二之间的切换，同时指出了其不足之处。     

采用微机进行磁通轨迹控制的GTO逆变器的研究

研制了采用磁通轨迹控制方法,用单片机生成控制信号的电压型GTO交流传动系统。该系统采用的是INTEL公司的准十六位单片机8098,开发装置由AST286微机和MCS-96BH串行通讯板组成。在对磁通轨迹的控制中,充分发挥8098的乘除运算功能,对电压矢量的时间进行计算,控制信号由高速输出口HSO输出,经光电隔离放大,驱动主电路的六支GTO,带动电机工作。磁通轨迹控制法以控制磁通轨迹近似为圆形为目的,尤其在低频时,轨迹更近似为圆,噪声小,无低频转矩脉动现象,具有恒磁通调速特性。同时,算法较直观。另外,系统中设有过电压、过电流软件保护。实际运行表明,系统可以平滑调速,稳定运行。     

过程参数描述的等壁温平行平板间层流对流换热特性

传热过程中的过程参数为傅立叶定律定义的热通量.对等壁温平行平板间层流对流换热进行过程参数描述,揭示了壁面上和流体内部流动速度和速度梯度对对流换热的贡献.结果表明:如果把传热过程以过程参数进行描述可以获得对传热的深刻表述和理解.     

THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS IN STREAM LAYER AND ON STREAM SURFACE AND A DIMENSION SPLIT METHODS

THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS IN STREAM LAYER AND ON STREAM SURFACE AND A DIMENSION SPLIT METHODS@李开泰$College of Sciences,Xi'an Jiaotong University!Xi'an,710049,China @黄艾香$College of Sciences,Xi'an Jiaotong University!Xi'an,710049,China[14]Il’inAA ,PartlydissipativesemigroupsgeneratedbytheNavierStokessystemontwo dimensionalmanifolds,andtheirattractors[J].RussianAcadSciSbMath,1994,78(1):47-76. [15]LadyzhenskayaOA .Themathematicaltheoryofvisc…     

混合励磁同步发电机电压控制原理分析与实现

为解决永磁发电机输出电压不可控的问题,研究了一种新型结构的混合励磁同步发电机.利用有限元方法计算了电机中永磁和电励磁的磁场分布.根据对永磁发电机输出电压的要求,制定了励磁调节系统的控制策略,讨论了调节过程.为验证混合励磁同步发电机的电压调节能力,设计制造了2.5 kW实验样机及励磁调节系统,并进行实验测试.结果表明:空载运行时,混合励磁同步发电机输出电压为永磁与电励磁部分的合成电势;负载运行时,随着负载的增加,通过调节励磁电流的大小改变了气隙磁通,输出电压稳定在135 V.     

基于粒子群优化模糊控制器的电动汽车再生制动控制策略研究

为提高电动汽车一次续驶里程,引入双锂离子电池组供电模式和电机再生制动能量回收系统,设计电动汽车的动力系统结构.通过对电动汽车制动模式进行分析,提出了基于粒子群优化算法的电机制动力矩模糊控制策略,并给出粒子群优化策略的算法实现.通过硬件在环仿真,证实了该控制策略能提高能量利用率.     

Numerical implementation of meshless method for electromagnetic field governing equations

For electromagnetic governing equations formulated by magnetic vector potential and electric scalar potential, its detailed numerical implementation is achieved by using meshless method and Galerkin approach. And essential boundary and interface condition of electromagnetic field are imposed by means of Lagrange multiplier method. Furthermore, the influences of interpolation point number at essential boundary and interface on computational results are also discussed. Examples are given to validate the effects of meshless method and Lagrange multiplier approach for electromagnetic field.     

Experimental investigation of boiling two-phase flow instability of nitrogen in a vertical tube

Boiling flow instability of nitrogen in a vertical tube is experimentally investigated in the present study. The experiments reveal that pressure has a significant effect on the characteristics of the heat flux-mass flux type boiling flow instability. First, the pressure has strong effects on both the developing time and the fluctuation amplitude. Especially increasing pressure leads to decrease the fluctuating amplitude of mass flux. Then, the mass flux evolving curves under different pressures feature out a shape like a leaf. The characteristics of the heat flux-mass flux type boiling flow instability under lower pressure are very complicated, however, with increasing pressure, this type of instability is gradually suppressed.     

Magnetic field tuning characteristics of bimodal ultrasonic motor stator

The magnetic field tuning characteristics of an ultrasonic motor (USM) stator are discussed. The stator consists of two piezoelectric ceramic transducer (PZT) plates and one sandwiched-in Terfenol-D plate. The dimensions of the stator are carefully adjusted to specifically discuss the influence of the magnetic field on the frequency difference between the longitudinal and bending modes of the stator. The frequency difference discussed in this paper is usually small and mainly caused by uneven materials, machining errors and changes in external conditions (temperature, pre-stress or load). The longitudinal and bending modes of the stator are simultaneously excited by an external electric field to generate the elliptic motion trajectories of the driving points. A direct current (DC) magnetic field is applied to decrease the difference between the two mode frequencies of the fabricated stator. In experiments, the dependences of the two mode frequencies and their difference on DC magnetic fields are all investigated. The experimental results indicate that the difference between the longitudinal and bending mode frequencies of the PZT/Terfenol-D/PZT composite stator can be tuned by changing the intensity of the external DC magnetic field.     

Current Density Distribution in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process

IntroductionWeldingisacriticaltechnologyinbuildingnuclearreactors,shins,piPelinesandinatomobilemanufaCtuing.BatuPtil1noWtheearemanyproblemsinPractice,understandingthedeVlopmentoftheweldpoolduringweldingisofconsiderablePracticalsignificance.BecauseofthecomPlexityoftheprocessandtl1ePresenceofthebrightarc,directexPerimentalinvestigationsareextremelyexPensiveandoftenimPossibleorimPracticable,thensomemathematicalmethodsareadoptedtosett1PthetfansiellttemPerattirefieldandthefluidflowfieldofthew…     

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF CHARGE ACCUMULATION ON INSULATOR SURFACE UNDER IMPULSE VOLTAGE IN A GAS INSULATED SWITCHGEAR

Ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｉｎｇｓｐａｃｅｒｓｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｖｏｌｔａｇｅｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒｉｎｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｅｄｇａｓｉｎｓｕｌａｔｅｄｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｐｌａｙａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｒｏｌｅｉｎｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｏｖｅｒａｌｌｓｉｚｅｏｆｇａｓｉｎｓｕｌａｔｅｄｓｗｉｔｃｈｇｅａｒ (ＧＩＳ) .Ｄｕｅｔｏｖｅｒｙｈｉｇｈｓｕｒｆａｃｅｒｅｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙ ,ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏ ｓｔａｔｉｃｃｈａｒｇｅｓｍａｙｂｅａｃｃｕ ｍｕｌａｔｅｄａｎｄｈｅｌｄａｔｄｉｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｉｎｔｅｒｆ…     

考虑相变作用的冻土路基应力与变形分析模型

基于冻土路基温度场的控制方程,考虑水分转化为冰的相变作用对土体瞬时变形和蠕变变形的影响,建立路基应力和变形的二维数值方程,并通过1月份的路基冻胀力学模型,分析冻胀带内水分相变引起的路基应力和变形的分布规律.研究发现,在冻胀区域一定的情况下,冻胀率的大小决定了路基表面应力和变形的极值大小;竖向位移的最大值在坡脚处产生,并向路基中部和左侧边界逐渐递减;随着冻胀率的增加,路基表面裂缝有从坡脚向路中发展的趋势;路基表面产生最大拉应力的位置与最大竖向位移的位置基本吻合;路中所承受的拉应力主要发生在水分集聚的相变带范围内.结果表明,相变作用是引起路基发生冻胀病害的直接因素,分析路基应力与变形的分布规律是研究多年冻土路基破坏机理的有效方法.