LNG船疲劳强度评估及低温影响的讨论

以某LNG船为研究对象,建立三舱段有限元模型,并根据美国船级社薄膜型LNG船体结构疲劳强度指南,基于SN曲线法的疲劳积累损伤原理,分别采用名义应力和热点应力法,对船体典型节点进行疲劳强度评估,同时对计算结果进行分析;讨论低温下材料性能改变对节点疲劳寿命评估的影响。研究表明,采用常温下SN曲线进行LNG船疲劳强度评估是合适的。     

基于《船体结构疲劳强度指南》的有限元改进算法

根据中国船级社《船体结构疲劳强度指南》(2021)的基本原则对疲劳载荷进行计算模拟,使通用疲劳有限元分析软件包MSC.FATIGUE所需的输入更为精确.结合具体算例进行有限元疲劳强度核算,以改善热点疲劳应力区域计算结果.该船体结构疲劳强度有限元改进算法对于船舶工程中的实际应用具有参考价值.     

船舶纵向构件疲劳评估的热点应力方法

在中国船级社《船体结构疲劳强度指南》(2001版)提出的用名义应力计算船体结构疲劳强度的基础上,提出了一套对船体纵向构件用热点应力方法进行评估的方法,给出了热点应力的计算有限元模型、计算方法和对应的SN曲线选取的要求。     

基于二次抛物线插值的船体疲劳强度评估

针对<船体结构疲劳强度指南>中使用三次拉格朗日插值法进行热点应力插值,因为插值节点数据不够平滑等因素导致插值效果不佳,甚至插值失败,提出用二次抛物线法替代三次拉格朗日法,避免插值失败.采用这一插值法在MSC patran\nastran大型通用有限元软件中对某散货船槽形舱壁的典型结构节点进行热点应力疲劳强度评估,效果令人满意.     

基于热点应力法的船舶结构疲劳分析系统开发

船体结构的热点应力疲劳分析过程比较复杂,按照CCS《船体结构疲劳强度评估指南》实施起来比较困难。因此采用MSC.Patran二次开发语言PCL进行编程,开发船体结构热点应力疲劳分析系统,实现了扣除腐蚀余量、荷载计算、施加疲劳荷载、提取结果及分析的自动化,大大提高了船体结构热点应力疲劳分析的效率。     

不同扶强材形式的纵骨贯穿舱壁结构疲劳试验

采用试验形式研究矩形扶强材和削斜扶强材结构形式的某铝合金船体纵骨贯穿舱壁结构疲劳性能。首先建立舱段结构的有限元模型(目标船纵骨采用6082铝合金,其他部分采用5083铝合金材料),确定载荷工况并计算分析2种扶强材结构在相应载荷水平下的应力分布状态。在此基础上,设计并开展实际板厚4点弯曲疲劳模型试验,获得试验模型在不同载荷水平下的疲劳失效循环次数,根据试验测得数据得到2种扶强结构形式的S-N曲线。试验结果表明,矩形扶强材形式的纵骨贯穿舱壁结构疲劳性能优于削斜扶强材形式,该结论可为舰船上纵骨贯穿舱壁结构处节点形式的设计以及5083、6082铝合金焊接结构形式(T型焊接和趾端焊接)的疲劳强度评估提供依据。     

Development of huh structure fatigue analysis system by hot spot stress method

船体结构的热点应力疲劳分析过程比较复杂,按照CCS《船体结构疲劳强度评估指南》实施起来比较困难.因此采用MSC.Patran二次开发语言PCL进行缩程,开发船体结构热点应力疲劳分析系统,实现了扣除腐蚀余量、荷载计算、施加疲劳荷载、提取结果及分析的自动化,大大提高了船体结构热点应力疲劳分析的效率.     

循环载荷作用下铝合金船体板架结构疲劳特性研究

为研究铝合金船体板架结构疲劳特性,寻求循环载荷作用下船体板架结构疲劳寿命变化规律。本文以铝合金船体板架结构为研究对象,设计制作不同节点实尺度板架模型,开展循环载荷作用下铝合金船体板架结构疲劳试验,获取试验中测点应力与循环加载次数等数据,并采用Ansys/Fe-safe平台建立模型进行疲劳仿真分析,将仿真得到节点板架S-N曲线与试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明:1)铝合金板架结构疲劳破坏模式存在一般性规律,节点2板架疲劳性能更好;2)试验与仿真得到节点板架疲劳裂纹萌生及破坏位置一致,且试验测得热点应力、循环寿命与仿真水平基本相当,揭示了节点板架结构断裂原因在于高载循环应力下产生的疲劳损伤;3)拟合得到试验与仿真S-N曲线吻合度较高,且试验曲线更偏于保守、安全。研究成果可为铝合金船体板架结构疲劳强度评估及寿命预测提供参考。     

LNG船纵骨端部表面裂纹疲劳扩展寿命计算

基于断裂力学的裂纹扩展方法预报液舱纵骨端部的疲劳寿命。采用有限元软件对液舱纵骨端部节点处表面裂纹应力强度因子进行系列计算,并在BS7910经验公式的基础上拟合出趾端的应力强度因子修正系数经验公式。将采用该公式得到的结果与有限元计算结果相对比,结果表明二者能较好地吻合,该公式可应用到类似端部结构裂纹扩展应力强度因子的计算中。按挪威船级社(Det Norske Veritas,DNV)规范的要求组合热点主应力幅值,并按降序对各载荷块构造液舱疲劳热点载荷谱,结合修正公式系数经验计算液舱纵骨端部趾端的裂纹扩展寿命,预报的疲劳寿命满足要求。     

基于JTP规范中热点应力的油船船体疲劳强度分析

基于JTP规范的热点应力法对一艘76000吨成品油船的内底与底边舱斜板的焊接折角处进行疲劳强度分析。通过建立详细的疲劳热点位置的结构有限元模型,进行热点应力分析,并根据S-N曲线和Miner线性疲劳累积损伤原理,进行了疲劳寿命计算。其分析方法对运用热点应力法进行船体结构的疲劳强度分析具有一定的参考价值。     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。