射频识别(RFID)技术及在公交行业的应用

射频识别（RFID）技术相对于传统的磁卡及IC卡技术具有非接触、阅读速度快、无磨损等特点。RFID技术利用无线射频方式在阅读器和射频卡之间进行非接触双向数据传输,进行目标识别和数据交换,相比传统的条型码、磁卡及IC卡,射频卡具有非接触、阅读速度快、无磨损、不受环境影响、寿命长、便于使用的特点和具有防冲突功能,能同时处理多张卡片。在国外,射频识别技术已被广泛应用于工业自动化、商业自动化、交通运输控制管理等众多领域。     

高速公路不停车收费系统技术研究

不停车收费系统（ElectronicTollCollection,简称ETC）是国际上正在努力开发并推广普及的一种用于公路、大桥和隧道的电子收费系统。射频识另0技术（RFID,即RadioFrequencyIdentification）利用射频方式进行非接触双向通信,以达到识别目的并交换数据。它和同期或早期的接触式识别技术不同、RFID系统的射频卡和读写器之间不用接触就可完成识别。     

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首先简要介绍了高速公路收费系统的现状，提出了建立高速公路不停车电子收费系统(ETC)的必要性.接着介绍了作为一种先进的自动识别技术的射频识别(RFID)技术的发展、原理、以及应用情况.最后，结合高速公路收费现状，作者初步提出了将基于射频识别技术的不停车收费系统应用于高速公路收费中的方法，用以解决高速公路的自动收费问题.     

城市道路拥挤收费系统的技术模式

从技术发展的趋势来看，拥挤收费可以应用以下几种技术模式：一种是基于车辆身份识别(AVI)的技术模式，这种自动车辆识别的技术模式是通过射频微波、红外、激光、声表面波等方式自动识别(读写)车辆信息，实现收费交易的数据通讯，其中基于5.8GHz射频微波专用短程通信(DSRC)技术的ETC系统以其成熟的技术，卓越的性能成为城市道路拥挤收费主流技术之一。     

射频识别技术研究与应用

射频识别是一种自动识别技术,具体介绍射频识别技术,射频识别系统的组成,产品电子码EPC的编码特点以及编码结构,射频识别系统的工作流程;阐述了射频识别技术在物流管理等方面的应用以及射频识别技术的发展趋势。     

无线射频识别技术在车辆识别系统中的应用研究

介绍了将无线射频识别技术应用于车辆识别系统的方案，提出了基于无限射频识别技术的车辆电子牌照概念。着重讨论基于射频技术的电子牌照及车辆识别系统的应用。并针对不同的应用场录设计程序工作流程。     

基于RFID技术的出租汽车自动管理系统设计

本文介绍了RFID技术,即射频识别技术,并在此技术基础上设计了出租汽车自动管理系统的总体结构,包括阅读器、标签及控制管理中心软件.     

基于RFID技术的智能交通监管系统的架构

随着交通建设的飞速发展,传统的交通监管方式已经难以满足监管现代化的要求,引入新的技术、提高监管效率无疑是解决问题的重要途径之一。射频识别技术(RFID)可以实现多目标、非接触式的唯一性识别,是构建物联网的支撑技术之一。以RFID技术为基础,结合电子传感、信息处理以及无线通信等技术,实现监管系统与车辆间的主动辨识以及信息交互在交通领域中的应用具有重要意义。     

基于ARM的指静脉识别系统设计

指静脉识别是一种利用手指中静脉特征来进行身份安全验证的一种技术,与其它指纹识别技术相比,具有非接触采集、活体识别、内部特征安全、高精确性的优势,具有巨大的应用前景,目前已经成为关注的对象。本设计将手指静脉识别技术和嵌入式系统结合起来,实现了基于ARM的指静脉识别系统,契合了安全设备小型化的未来的趋势,识别准确率较高。     

射频识别技术在图书馆信息化建设中的应用

射频识别技术具有快速扫描、体积小型化和形状多样化、抗污染能力和耐久性强、可重复使用、穿透性和无屏障阅读、数据存储容量大等特点.射频识别技术在图书馆信息化建设中的应用,必须解决RFID标准、RFID标签病毒、RFID与IPv6的结合等问题.     

Toward an SCA-OSGi based middleware for radio frequency identification applications

The radio frequency identification (RFID) technology progressing is becoming a increasing interest in several application areas. To accommodate diverse and changing requirements from applications,RFID middleware should be reconfigurable. However,current RFID middleware is limited in its ability to support reconfiguration. To solve this problem,we adopt the service-oriented component-based approach in building the middleware. Component-based design enables decomposition of middleware functionality and is eas...     

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为确保动车组高级修的安全、有序、高效、优质,结合未来高速铁路检修业务的客观发展需要,提出了面向动车高级修的RFID应用技术方案和智能信息系统框架.首先,提出动车基地在配件物流、人员作业流、动车组车流、检修设备设施中的RFID应用技术方案,以及应用难点的解决对策;四种应用是有机整体,以配件应用为核心.然后,指出了将RFID全面应用于动车检修生产各环节,结合数据集成与语义融合,可以极大强化既有应用系统的性能与功能;并且重点对运用RFID为检修产能的提升进行了量化评估.文中涉及的几类RFID应用已在动车基地投入使用,或者经过试点、试验.     

A Genetic Algorithm-Based Smart Antenna Technique for Anti-Collision of Multiple SAW ID-Tags

In the radio frequency identification (RFID) system based on surface acoustic wave (SAW) technique, some tags often locate in the field of a transceiver at the same time. These tags produce simultaneous echo signals which "collide" when they arrive back at the transceiver, which leads to difficult identification. In this paper, smart antenna technique is presented to implement anti-collision in SAW RFID system. The direction of arrivals (DOAs) are used to denote the locations of tags, and genetic algorithm (GA) is suggested to find the optimal estimates of the DOAs in complex multimodal search spaces. Once the DOAs are obtained, the array weights are formed and the signals of tags are recovered to implement decoding. The experimental results show that the GA-based smart antenna technique works well in some occasions.     

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智能交通系统（ITS）是目前世界交通运输领域的前沿研究领域,也是未来交通运输系统的重要发展方向;而智能道路系统（IRS）作为ITS的重要组成部分,一直是世界交通发达国家研究、发展与应用的热点。结合我国道路交通基础设施的发展现状,面向国内智能道路系统的应用与发展需求,分析了智能道路系统的概念及其内涵,提出了智能道路系统的体系框架结构,深入讨论了实现智能道路系统集成所面临的若干关键以及难点技术,并对智能道路系统今后的发展与应用趋势作了总结。     

Comments on enhanced yoking proof protocols for radio frequency identification tags and tag groups

A radio frequency identification (RFID) yoking proof scheme can generate proofs of simultaneous presence of two tags in the range of a specified reader so that an off-line verifier can verify the proofs later. This proof has found several interesting applications. However, many existing RFID yoking schemes are vulnerable to replay attacks. To overcome the weaknesses, Cho et al. proposed a new RFID yoking proof protocol and a new grouping protocol. Unfortunately, Cho et al.’s schemes are still vulnerable to replay attacks. In this paper, in addition to demonstrating weaknesses, we further discuss the rationale behind these weaknesses to provide a guide line for designing secure RFID yoking schemes. Based on the guide line, we propose a new RFID yoking scheme and a new RFID grouping scheme. Performance evaluation shows that our scheme outperforms its counterparts.     

Bi-slotted binary tree algorithm with stack for radio frequency identification tag anti-collision

A radio frequency identification (RFID) reader will fail to identify tags if a collision occurs. This paper proposes a bi-slotted binary tree algorithm (BSBTA) with stack for RFID tag anti-collision to improve the performance of binary tree algorithm (BTA). In BSBTA, the reader detects collisions by Manchester code and stores colliding prefixes in a stack. The query is composed of a two-bit prefix and an index value. Following every reader query, there are two timeslots for tags whose pointers and identities (IDs) match the query to respond, one for the tag whose next bit is 0 and the other for the tag with 1 as its next bit. Performance analysis and evaluation are also given. The time complexity and the communication complexity of BTA and BSBTA are derived. The simulation results compare the performance of BSBTA with several related anti-collision algorithms. It is shown that BSBTA outperforms BTA in terms of the average number of responded bits and timeslots for one tag identification.     

基于RFID技术的列车精确定位系统设计与试验

通过对目前列车定位技术的优缺点分析对比,提出将RFID技术运用于列车定位,同时用C语言开发了RFID（Radio frequency technology）列车定位控制系统,并在模拟实验台上对其进行了试验.试验表明：RFID技术能够独立完成列车的定位,高速阅读器识别电子标签并从中读取信息的速度为20 ms左右,满足高速铁路运输.试验中RFID技术定位精度为5 cm,可以直接定位区分复线中列车所在线路以及道岔处位置.无线射频技术具有一定的抗干扰能力,能适应多沙土和多雨水的恶劣自然环境,同时可以检测列车脱节问题.     

Object tracking and tracing: Hidden semi-Markov model based probabilistic location determination

The enhancement of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology to track and trace objects has attracted a lot of attention from the healthcare and the supply chain industry. However, RFID systems do not always function reliably under complex and variable deployment environment. In many cases, RFID systems provide only probabilistic observations of object states. Thus, an approach to predict, record and track real world object states based upon probabilistic RFID observations is required. Hidden Markov model (HMM) has been used in the field of probabilistic location determination. But the inherent duration probability density of a state in HMM is exponential, which may be inappropriate for modeling of object location transitions. Hence, in this paper, we put forward a hidden semi-Markov model (HSMM) based approach for probabilistic location determination. We evaluated its performance comparing with that of the HMM-based approach. The results show that the HSMM-based approach provides a more accurate determination of real world object states based on observation data.     

基于射频识别电子巡更系统在运营高速公路养护管理中的应用

随着运营高速公路里程不断增加,同时高速公路依据其形态不可避免的具有线状、跨区域广等特点,以传统方式管理养护巡查工作的弊端越来越明显。目前养护信息化管理技术发展迅速,电子巡更系统也逐渐被应用到运营高速公路养护管理中来,以基于射频识别(RFID)电子巡更系统在杭金衢高速公路的开发与实际应用经验,从其特点、原理及各子系统功能及与其他电子巡更系统的优缺点等角度,探讨运营高速公路养护巡检监督管理新思路。