Segmentation of complex objects'' sonar images using parameter-fixed MRF model

The effective method of the recognition of underwater complex objects in sonar image is to segment sonar image into target, shadow and sea-bottom reverberation regions and then extract the edge of the object. Because of the time-varying and space-varying characters of underwater acoustics environment, the sonar images have poor quality and serious speckle noise, so traditional image segmentation is unable to achieve precise segmentation. In the paper, the image segmentation process based on MRF (Markov random field) model is studied, and a practical method of estimating model parameters is proposed. Through analyzing the impact of chosen model parameters, a sonar imagery segmentation algorithm based on fixed parameters' MRF model is proposed. Both of the segmentation effect and the low computing load are gained. By applying the algorithm to the synthesized texture image and actual side-scan sonar image, the algorithm can be achieved with precise segmentation result.     

改进遗传算法在潜艇天文导航中的应用

潜艇自动天文导航对星图处理有着较高的实时性要求,在比较、分析、综合现有的一些改进方法的基础上,对基本遗传算法提出了一系列的改进措施,形成了一种高效综合的遗传算法．改进算法采用了最优保存策略和比例选择相结合的选择思路,设计了与进化代数相关的交叉概率和与个体适应度相关的变异概率,以及与早熟情况、进化代数和个体适应度有关的移民算法等．将该算法与大津法相结合应用于星图分割中,结果表明,改进的遗传算法不仅可以使图像分割获得满意的效果,而且还有效地提高了计算速度．     

图像块混沌特征在海面运动目标检测中的应用

为了消除舰船目标检测中海面背景的影响,提出了一种基于图像块混沌特征的目标检测算法.该算法利用小数据量法计算图像块的最大Lyapunov指数,分析运动目标存在时背景信号混沌特征的变化,检测淹没在混沌背景信号中的目标信号.实验采用400帧图像进行检测,检测率为100%,虚警率为5%.结果表明,算法能有效地检测出海面背景下的舰船目标.     

一种从红外序列图像中提取感兴趣区ROI的有效方法

红外序列图像中提取感兴趣区（ROI）是图像压缩的关键步骤,ROI检测质量的好坏直接作用影响着后续处理。文章在Stauffer等人提出的自适应混合高斯背景模型基础上,融入帧差法分别将背景区和运动区以不同的更新率进行更新,同时在自适应背景更新的同时,不断改进自适应学习率。试验表明该方法构建的背景模型有较好的适应性,既可以稳定的对背景进行实时更新,又能够快速的提取目标的感兴趣区。     

Segmentation of complex objects＇ sonar images using parameter-fixed MRF model

The effective method of the recognition of underwater complex objects in sonar image is to segment sonar image into target, shadow and sea-bottom reverberation regions and then extract the edge of the object. Because of the time-varying and space-varying characters of underwater acoustics environment, the sonar images have poor quality and serious speckle noise, so traditional image segmentation is unable to achieve precise segmentation. In the paper, the image segmentation process based on MRF （Markov random field） model is studied, and a practical method of estimating model parameters is proposed. Through analyzing the impact of chosen model parameters, a sonar imagery segmentation algorithm based on fixed parameters＇ MRF model is proposed. Both of the segmentation effect and the low computing load are gained. By applying the algorithm to the synthesized texture image and actual side-scan sonar image, the algorithm can be achieved with precise segmentation result.     

基于分形理论和二次分割的图像裂缝特征提取方法与应用

在役跨海桥梁、港口工程等的服役环境恶劣，多数情况下采集到的裂缝图像背景复杂、噪声干扰较多。为了克服现有技术存在的不足，提出一种基于分形理论和二次分割的图像裂缝特征提取方法。该方法采用分形参数作为裂缝图像的特征参数，能优先抑制裂缝图像中产生干扰过多的问题，有效克服灰度不均匀、噪声块多和背景复杂的干扰因素，同时基于二次分割理论，结合两种不同的算法特点，利用粗分割排除干扰区域，利用细分割对目标区域内裂缝精准分割，实现混凝土结构裂缝目标准确有效的提取，具有更好的分割效果。     

红外序列图像帧间匹配算法研究

文章在现有单帧图像检测算法的基础上,提出了一种可同步跟踪运动目标的帧间匹配算法。算法采取对相邻两帧间像素点匹配,匹配过程与当前两帧外的其余帧无关,把匹配结果兴趣区域像素点对应的另一个全零矩阵位置值赋为1,顺利输入检测后的单帧图像,执行匹配操作,实时形成目标运动轨迹。该算法结构简单、存储量少、计算速度快,硬件平台要就低,可有效地完成对多个目标、交叉目标、迎头目标的检测与跟踪。根据仿真和实拍照片的试验,证实了算法理论上的优点,有较高的应用价值。     

图像分割在工件图像视觉检测中的应用

在介绍图像分割的主要特征的基础上,分析了目前几种典型图像分割方法。针对工件图像视觉检测中图像分割特点,提出了将边缘检测和域值分割方法相结合来分割工件图像的一种新方法,并开发了相应的软件。实验验证该方法用于工件图像测量,能很好消除图像噪声,得到连续的图像边界,并且定位较准,可以有效地提高检测系统的精度。     

一种基于PSO优化HWFCM的快速水下图像分割算法

The S/N of an underwater image is low and has a fuzzy edge.If using traditional methods to process it directly,the result is not satisfying.Though the traditional fuzzy C-means algorithm can sometimes divide the image into object and background,its time-consuming computation is often an obstacle.The mission of the vision system of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is to rapidly and exactly deal with the information about the object in a complex environment for the AUV to use the obtained result to execute the next task.So,by using the statistical characteristics of the gray image histogram,a fast and effective fuzzy C-means underwater image segmentation algorithm was presented.With the weighted histogram modifying the fuzzy membership,the above algorithm can not only cut down on a large amount of data processing and storage during the computation process compared with the traditional algorithm,so as to speed up the efficiency of the segmentation,but also improve the quality of underwater image segmentation.Finally,particle swarm optimization (PSO) described by the sine function was introduced to the algorithm mentioned above.It made up for the shortcomings that the FCM algorithm can not get the global optimal solution.Thus,on the one hand,it considers the global impact and achieves the local optimal solution,and on the other hand,further greatly increases the computing speed.Experimental results indicate that the novel algorithm can reach a better segmentation quality and the processing time of each image is reduced.They enhance efficiency and satisfy the requirements of a highly effective,real-time AUV.     

基于海上航道单幅图像去雾方法

基于海上航道单幅图像去雾方法的研究在海上航道施工领域具有广阔的应用前景。提出一种基于天空区域分割的单幅海面图像去雾方法,并与传统方法在时间、图像清晰度方面进行对比,结果表明：该方法相较多尺度Retinex、暗通道优先、CLAHE等传统的去雾方法具有一定优势。     

基于运动与表象特征的广域船舶目标识别方法

[目的]旨在提出对航行于关键广阔水域内的船舶进行准确识别和定位的改进方法.[方法]运用视频监控的优点,综合采用基于背景差分算法的运动目标检测方法与基于深度学习算法的图像表象特征识别方法,结合目标的运动特征和图像表象特征,实现多维度广域船舶识别的功能,并对水纹降噪、多级运动检测、航道监控图像窗口分割检测等方法进行改进,进...     

基于小波的SPIHT雷达图像压缩算法

雷达在现代航海导航中占据着很重要的地位,在综合船桥系统和船舶交通管理系统里,雷达图像需要通过网络传送给其他导航系统如ECDIS或远程图像监视系统。由于雷达图像数据量非常大,为了保证图像的实时性,通过网络传输雷达图像时,先要对雷达图像进行压缩。雷达天线的扫描速度大约为20 RPM,所以一幅雷达图像的数据压缩、数据传输和数据重建必须在3 s内完成,这对雷达图像的压缩和重建提出了很高的要求。论文采用基于小波变换的SPIHT算法对雷达图像进行压缩.在追求高压缩比率情况下,保证了较低的均方误差和较高的信噪比,最后用C 实现了算法并给出了实验对比数据。     

基于时频分布的海杂波环境下目标检测

对海杂波存在目标和没有目标两种情况进行时频分析,其时频分布图表现出明显的特征差异,在没有目标时,时频分布图比较发散,存在目标时,时频分布图中有较集中且与目标多普勒频移对应的最优曲线。利用这种差异,文章提出了基于时频分布的目标检测方法。时频分布检测方法通过查找算法得到该最优曲线,并取该最优曲线所有点的和值作为判断目标存在与否的依据。通过实测数据仿真表明该方法能够提高海杂波环境下目标检测性能。     

一种使用二进制图像特征的被动声呐自动分类方法（英文）

This paper proposes a new method for ship recognition and classification using sound produced and radiated underwater. To do so, a three-step procedure is proposed. First, the preprocessing operations are utilized to reduce noise effects and provide signal for feature extraction. Second, a binary image, made from frequency spectrum of signal segmentation, is formed to extract effective features. Third, a neural classifier is designed to classify the signals. Two approaches, the proposed method and the fractal-based method are compared and tested on real data. The comparative results indicated better recognition ability and more robust performance of the proposed method than the fractal-based method. Therefore, the proposed method could improve the recognition accuracy of underwater acoustic targets.     

An automated approach to passive sonar classification using binary image features

This paper proposes a new method for ship recognition and classification using sound produced and radiated underwater. To do so, a three-step procedure is proposed. First, the preprocessing operations are utilized to reduce noise effects and provide signal for feature extraction. Second, a binary image, made from frequency spectrum of signal segmentation, is formed to extract effective features. Third, a neural classifier is designed to classify the signals. Two approaches, the proposed method and the fractal-based method are compared and tested on real data. The comparative results indicated better recognition ability and more robust performance of the proposed method than the fractal-based method. Therefore, the proposed method could improve the recognition accuracy of underwater acoustic targets.     

SAR图像舰船目标长宽特征提取技术

SAR图像特征提取是目标识别中的关键步骤,直接影响目标识别的结果。长度类特征因其简单直观、效率高、易于提取等优势,常被作为船只类型的初始判定,针对 SAR图像舰船目标长宽特征提取问题,本文提出一种新的方法。首先通过水平集分割获得目标轮廓,其次采用区域消除方法滤除杂波,获得预处理后的目标图像;其次通过最小外接矩形拟合目标,获取舰船目标切片的长轴、旋转的角度;再次采用最小二乘法椭圆拟合获取舰船目标短轴;最后得到舰船目标的长宽特征。通过实测SAR图像处理结果表明,本文方法能够在背景杂波干扰下,抑制相干斑噪声的影响,提高了长宽提取的精度,是一种有效的舰船目标长宽特征提取方法。     

基于特征的单帧红外小目标检测

针对红外小目标自身的特点,给出了一种改进的检测方法：首先通过低通滤波进行预处理,然后保留灰度值大于预处理图像均值的点。由于小目标在红外图像上所占像素很少且是区域能量较高的点,遍历整幅图像,滤除连续的像素点,得到小目标或斑目标,为了进一步检测分割出候选目标点,考虑到目标点的局部能量较大的特征,通过合理的设定阈值,缩小目标点的范围,为后续目标轨迹的检测提供基础。     

基于几何特征的声呐图像人造目标检测算法

针对高频声呐图像目标检测问题,基于数学形态学算子,提出了一种新的快速目标检测算法.该算法通过定义多尺度多形状的形态结构元素,对各像素点进行形态开闭运算,并采用阈值评判方法实现目标检测.仿真结果表明,该算法具有实时性好、准确度高的特点,并且可有效地克服背景中岩石等自然景物的影响,实现人造目标的准确提取.     

一种基于稀疏表示声纳图像识别方法

提出了一种基于灰度-梯度共生矩阵的稀疏表示声纳图像识别方法.该方法采用灰度-梯度共生矩阵对声纳图像进行特征提取,特征提取结果相比全局的特征提取包含了声纳图像的重要的纹理信息;并结合稀疏表示的分类方法对声纳图像进行识别.实验表明,该方法既满足了对声纳图像进行识别实时性,又提高了识别的准确性.     

基于神经网络理论的船舶结构可靠性优化设计

本文将人工神经网络理论应用于船舶纵向结构的可靠性优化设计中，采用模拟退火和玻尔茨曼机原理，在优化过程中可避开局部最优解，取得系统的近似最优解。