危害辨识、风险评价和风险控制策划

简要阐述了什么是危害辨识;明确了危害辨识、风险评价和风险控制的重要性,分析了如何掌握危害辨识、风险评价和风险控制的时机;讨论了危害辨识、风险评价和风险控制的基本步骤和过程;确定了如何进行危害辨识、风险评价和风险控制。有助于消除、限制、处理、转移风险。     

船舶变频恒压日用水供水装置设计

把PLC和变频器应用到船舶日用水供水装置中,采用PID控制方式,设计了恒压供水装置的控制系统,综合了PLC可靠性高、控制功能强和变频器可实现无级调速的优点,实现了恒压供水的目标,减小了装置的能耗、体积、重量和噪音,提高了装置的可靠性、经济性和安全性.     

基于ECDIS和AIS的船舶综合信息服务系统的开发

阐述了开发基于ECDIS和AIS的船舶综合信息服务系统的必要性,以海上交通工程理论和用户需求为依据设计了该系统的拓扑结构和功能结构,在此基础上进一步介绍了AIS数据采集子系统、ECDIS子系统、数据分析及实时查询子系统、系统管理子系统、日志/监控子系统,详细论述了数据传输、数据库与数据仓库、信息显示和显示控制等关键技术。该系统的实施为航运企业、海事主管机关、研究机构提供了一个综合信息平台,实践证明该系统具有良好的实用性和广阔的应用前景。     

基于嵌入式的船舶锅炉监控系统设计

针对目前锅炉监控技术问题,提出了采用嵌入式微处理器为控制器核的锅炉状态参数监控设计方案,进行了监控系统的硬件和软件系统的设计,实现了对水位、烟气氧量、蒸汽流量、蒸汽压力、鼓风风量、炉膛温度等现场物理量的采集和处理,提高了锅炉的安全性、经济性和锅炉的寿命.     

美国军用UUV现状及发展趋势分析

美国军用UUV处于世界领先水平,跟踪和了解其现状和发展趋势具有非常重要的意义。概述了美国若干个军用UUV发展规划主要内容,描述了几个典型军用UUV的主要使命任务和战术技术性能,详细分析了UUV载体结构、控制系统、导航系统、能源系统、推进系统和任务模块等主要系统功能、组成和性能指标。分析了美国军用UUV的发展特点和趋势及其正在大力发展的UUV的自主控制技术、组合导航技术、目标识别技术、新型电池技术、水声通信技术和新材料技术等。     

京唐港可持续发展的战略思考

编者按 :11月 14日 ,京唐港召开了可持续发展战略研讨会。国家计委基础产业司、国家计委宏观经济研究院 ,交通部计划司、水运司、水运规划研究院 ,北京市境外投资研究中心 ,铁道部经济研究院等部门的领导和专家参加了研讨。京唐港务局局长刘卫民向与会的领导和专家汇报了京唐港建设发展的简要历程和“十五”期间京唐港的发展目标、基本任务和工作措施。与会领导和专家们对京唐港给予了充分肯定 ,认为京唐港是在市场经济体制下开拓创新、快速发展的好典型 ;并就信息化、物流、WTO以及港口发展战略发表了真知灼见 ,对京唐港的可持续发展、充分利用岸线资源 ,唐山市工业布局向沿海推进和发展临港产业、曹妃甸港区的开发建设提出了建议和措施。唐山市领导仔细听取了专家的建议 ,表示要认真研究 ,用以指导唐山市和京唐港的建设和发展的实践。     

船用锅炉的嵌入式监控系统设计

为了实现对船用锅炉的自动监控,保证锅炉运行的安全性和经济性,针对目前锅炉监控技术问题,提出了采用嵌入式微处理器为控制器核心的锅炉状态参数监控设计方案.进行了监控系统的硬件和软件系统的设计,实现了对水位,烟气氧量、蒸汽流量、蒸汽压力、鼓风风量、炉膛温度等现场物理量的采集和处理,提高了锅炉的安全性、经济性和锅炉的寿命.     

2002年大连国际海事技术交流会论文综述

2002年大连国际海事技术交流会举行了两天学术报告会,会上有23位来自中国、美国、德国、挪威、俄罗斯和瑞士等国家的专家学者做了报告,另有55篇会议论文在会上进行了交流。本文对这次交流会上的报告和论文的主要内容进行了介绍和综述。     

电子档案与纸质档案长期并存的认识与实践

随着计算机技术的应用和发展，企业在生产、经营、科研、设计和各项管理活动中，产生了大量的OA电子文件、E—MAIL和CAD、CAM文件等，对档案管理工作提出了新的课题和要求，档案管理工作正越来越受到影响和冲击。     

后张预应力高性能灌浆料的配制试验研究及性能分析

选取了能全面表征灌浆料质量的性能参数、有效的试验方法和合适的性能指标；选取了合适的灌浆料专用复合外加剂和水泥。经过试验时比，确定了搅拌方式、搅拌速度、搅拌时间等工艺参数；确定了高性能灌浆料的配合比；配制出了低水灰比、良好可泵性、高体积稳定性、零泌水、高抗氯离子渗透性等优良性能的后张预应力灌浆料；分析了搅拌工艺、水灰比和水泥品种对灌浆料各项性能的影响。     

船舶制造技术成熟度评估系统

在船舶制造中,技术成熟度的评估意识薄弱且缺少信息化手段。通过确定评估指标、设定权重,建立船舶制造技术成熟度评估系统,由系统计算成熟度的得分和等级,从总体设计、建造工艺、船厂建造资源能力、船舶研制定型后等方面进行评估。该系统可减少返工带来的时间成本、人力成本,提高船舶制造技术成熟度评估的科学性、准确性、可靠性、灵活性及效率。     

A Review of Whale-Watching and Whaling with Applications for the Caribbean

Whale-watching is a significant and growing tourism industry worldwide. Whaling has a long history and, although largely curtailed today, still occurs in a few countries around the world and in the Caribbean. Whaling has been labeled an incompatible activity with whale-watching because, in some cases, it reduces the number of whales available for use and changes whale behavior. Moreover, in some situations, whale-watching generates greater revenue than whaling, and whaling may detrimentally affect the larger tourism industry because of negative attitudes toward whaling by whale-watchers, other tourists, and host communities. This article examines the potential impacts of whaling on the whale-watching and tourism industries, and places these impacts in the Caribbean context. In doing so, the article outlines the history and current status of whale-watching in the Caribbean, outlines other potential constraints, and highlights the need for research about the impacts and roles of these industries. In the highly competitive global tourism industry, maintaining and nurturing a country's tourism image is critically important.     

面向复杂装备AR辅助维修的混合跟踪技术研究

装备维修是生产制造、作业运转的基础,特别是在船舶、航空等领域。由于在维修过程中装备结构复杂、维修人员经验技术不足和缺少直观维修手段导致容易导致维修效率低下和操作出错。因此,通过研究基于增强现实的装备维修方案,直观交互地进行维修作业,能够有效地提升维修的质量和效率。由于装备体型较大,结构复杂,给跟踪定位带来了新的困难,针对实际的工程需求,创新性地将主流方法进行结合,提出了多Marker和ORB-SLAM混合跟踪的方法。通过二次调整多Marker定位结果的动态权值,提高局部定位维修的精度和可靠性。分析比较现有的特征点算法,选择ORB-SLAM作为方案,实现全局的定位和导航,对维修过程给以指导,并设计开发装备诱导维修系统,为大型复杂设备地维修提供了通用解决方案。     

How much can public private partnership really do for urban transport in developing countries?

A few cities in some of the larger developing countries in Latin America and Asia have made increasing use of multi-year concessions or franchises, competitively awarded to private companies, for construction and operation of urban transport infrastructure and for provision of public transport services. In view of the strong prospective growth of developing-country cities with large transport needs, and the rise in the emerging economies of potential new sources of private capital, it is important to see how effective PPP has so far been in this area. The experience is analyzed principally by thorough comparative review of what has actually happened for some of the main users to date: Bogotá, Santiago, São Paulo, Seoul, and several cities in both China and India. Despite delays and mistakes that have been made in development of most of the projects, the overall results, already delivered and in prospect, are very positive and urban public transport is benefiting substantially, with significant side effects on poorer people's access to work and to services, air pollution levels and road accident rates. The widest and most important advantage of the PPP arrangements, as compared with more conventional short-term contracting, is found to be the innovations, technical and managerial, developed, and, in particular, the mutual capacity building of the countries' private and public sectors and their more effective interaction. The experience in the six countries covered suggests that other developing-country cities may be best assisted to develop sound urban transport PPPs more rapidly through provision of help on chosen items among 7 elements that have proved particularly crucial but sometimes weak in the projects reviewed: Civic consultation systems, Land-use/Transport strategic planning, Land/property market management, Monitoring systems, Progressive policies, Economic regulation, and Public institutional framework for PPPs.     

High-resolution surveys of the biogeochemistry of the New England shelfbreak front during Summer, 2002

We present the observations from a pair of field experiments at the New England shelfbreak front in June and August of 2002, each consisting of 14 cross-frontal surveys using the Lamont Pumping SeaSoar. Measurements of the front's physical, chemical, and bio-optical characteristics were made at high spatial and temporal resolution. The front, based on water-column hydrographic distributions, was found within a few km of the 200 m isobath during both cruises. We present here composite sections, based on averages of individual sections shifted in space to a common frontal location, of the cross-frontal distributions of these properties as a measure of the mean state of the front in both June and August. The observations show the familiar temperature, salinity, and density distributions of the summertime front, dominated by surface thermal heating. Nutrient and bio-optical distributions show the combined effects of water-mass exchange and biological processes. T, S, silicate, and phosphate distributions are suggestive of cross-frontal exchange of slope- and shelf waters, although transport mechanisms and pathways are not apparent. These properties, along with nitrate and optical measures of the suspended particle distributions, show vertical displacements of isopleths as the front is approached: property contours slope upwards toward the front from the shoreward side, and downwards toward the front from the seaward side. Again, actual water-movement pathways are not constrained by these suggestive patterns. Bio-optical distributions show elevated indicators of photosynthetic efficiency both seaward and shoreward of the front, but the front itself is a minimum in biomass. Accumulation of photosynthetic biomass appears to be controlled primarily by nitrate scarcity in waters within and above the pycnocline. At the base of the pycnocline, light limitation appears to be the controlling factor, although the base of the euphotic zone is deeper than the biomass maxima and the base of the pycnocline. Mechanisms explaining this phenomenon are unclear, but tenuous evidence suggests low stratification at the depth of the 1% light level may not allow phytoplankton to optimize for the low-light, high-nutrient conditions at depth. Cross-frontal differences in nutrient and bio-optical parameters, particularly in August, suggest distinct phytoplankton assemblages, and the presence of calcite-forming or nitrogen fixing groups to the community structure, especially in very shallow waters across the front and in pycnocline waters seaward of the front.     

港口系统设备钢轨连接技术

港口系统设备一般外型尺寸和质量较大，多采用截面积较大的起重机钢轨作为行走轨道。根据港口系统设备使用特点和工程施工现场条件，结合码头和堆场结构，借鉴轻轨和重轨的无缝连接技术，对各种焊接工艺进行比较，分析钢轨的材料组成和焊接过程内部组织变化，推荐一种保证设备使用安全和操作人员舒适度、连接质量稳定、便于维护、操作简便、满足港口系统设备钢轨安装现场要求的连接方法和工艺,有助于实现工期目标，可推广应用于矿山、港口、电厂、码头及堆场等大质量机车或起重设备的钢轨连接。     

防波堤及护岸越浪研究综述

近年来防波堤越浪方面的相关研究,分别在越浪影响因素、越浪量计算公式推导论证、越浪数值模拟与越浪量标准4个方面进行归纳总结.已有成果表明:1)越浪影响因素的研究多是集中于常规因素,包括波高周期,堤顶高程,坡肩宽度,护面块体,而对水流、风速、波浪谱以及水的性质等其他因素研究相对较少;2)越浪量计算公式研究中主要集中在影响越...     

广西沿海重力式码头病害分析

采用现场调查的方法,统计分析广西沿海重力式码头病害,主要有裂缝、水工结构附属设施病害、结构破损、不均匀沉降与位移、漏砂、基床淘刷等,讨论病害与泊位吨级、运营时间的关系以及病害的成因与危害,提出病害防治措施。     

Matching biological traits to environmental conditions in marine benthic ecosystems

The effects of variability in environmental conditions on species composition in benthic ecosystems are well established, but relatively little is known about how environmental variability relates to ecosystem functioning. Benthic invertebrate assemblages are heavily involved in the maintenance of ecological processes and investigation of the biological characteristics (traits) expressed in these assemblages can provide information about some aspects of functioning. The aim of this study was to establish and explore relationships between environmental variability and biological traits expressed in megafauna assemblages in two UK regions. Patterns of trait composition were matched to environmental conditions and subsets of variables best describing these patterns determined. The nature of the relationships were subsequently examined at two separate scales, both between and within the regions studied. Over the whole area, some traits related to size, longevity, reproduction, mobility, flexibility, feeding method, sociability and living habit were negatively correlated with salinity, sea surface temperature, annual temperature range and the level of fishing effort, and positively associated with fish taxon richness and shell content of the substratum. Between the two regions, reductions in temperature range and shell content were associated with infrequent relative occurrences of short-lived, moderately mobile, flexible, solitary, opportunistic, permanent-burrow dwelling fauna and those exhibiting reproductive strategies based on benthic development. Relationships between some traits and environmental conditions diverged within the two regions, with increases in fishing effort and shell content of the substratum being associated with low frequencies of occurrence of moderately mobile and moderately to highly flexible fauna within one region, but high frequencies in the other. These changes in trait composition have implications for ecosystem processes, with, for example, reductions in permanent-burrow dwellers within one of the regions potentially compromising the ability of the assemblages to process and store chemicals and waste products. However, the connections between environmental conditions and trait composition are complex and incorporate many factors. Experimental investigations will be necessary to determine the extent and consequences of these important relationships.     

三维航道GIS中大型场景的动态组织与可视化技术研究

三维可视化技术以其直观、逼真、实时、动态等特征,目前己成为港口、海岸、航道、运河等相关领域进行科学研究、工程设计、管理与决策的重要手段。文中在对基于该技术实现的天津港三维港区与航道信息管理系统进行简单介绍的基础上,重点研究了基于空间网格索引技术、Delaunay三角网技术与LOD技术的港口地面景观与地形模型的动态组织与管理,以及基于多线程技术和OpenGL的显示列表技术的子场景块与专题信息的实时读取与渲染,并对动态海洋、全景天空、水下地形仿真与漫游、交互操作与信息查询等作了深入探讨。实践表明,文中所开发的三维可视化系统中大数据量、复杂的场景对绘制的速度影响并不大,场景逼真度高,能进行实时操作与漫游,可以满足航道与港口三维可视化、空间分析与管理的需要。