材料性能和压入深度对球压痕堆积/沉陷的影响

压痕硬度受材料堆积/沉陷影响明显,通过有限元仿真技术分析了材料性能和压入深度对堆积/沉陷的影响,结果表明,随着弹性模量与屈服强度比、压入深度增加或硬化指数减小,材料的沉陷量减小而堆积量增加;当弹性模量与屈服强度比相对较小时,堆积/沉陷受硬化指数的影响较明显。根据建立的等效应变与材料堆积/沉陷的拟合函数关系,可以判断压痕过程的堆积/沉陷状态,从而对计算得到的压痕硬度的准确性进行评判。     

碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的制备及其拉伸性能

利用挤压铸造方法,采用三种不同的凝固条件,制备了连续长碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的拉伸试样,并对其拉伸性能进行了试验。试验结果表明,该复合材料的抗拉强度和弹性模量皆随碳纤维的体积含量增加而增加。含48％碳纤维的复合材料比基体材料的拉伸强度高50％以上,但塑性指标随碳纤维含量的增加而显降低,当连续碳纤维的体积含量较小时,凝固条件对该复合材料的抗拉强度影响较大,对弹性模量的影响较小;当碳纤维的体积含量较大时,凝固条件对该复合材料的抗拉强度影响较小,而对弹性模量的影响较大。     

碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的制备及其拉伸性能

利用挤压铸造方法,采用三种不同的凝固条件,制备了连续长碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的拉伸试样,并对其拉伸性能进行了试验．试验结果表明,该复合材料的抗拉强度和弹性模量皆随碳纤维的体积含量增加而增加．含48％碳纤维的复合材料比基体材料的拉伸强度高50％以上．但塑性指标随碳纤维含量的增加而显著降低．当连续碳纤维的体积含量较小时,凝固条件对该复合材料的抗拉强度影响较大,对弹性模量的影响较小;当碳纤维的体积含量较大时,凝固条件对该复合材料的抗拉强度影响较小,而对弹性模量的影响较大．     

Mechanical properties of perfect and defective zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes under axial compression

Axial buckling behavior of perfect and defective zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) is studied by molecular dynamics(MD) simulations.Different effects of three typical categories of defect on the axial buckling properties of SWCNTs are investigated.MD simulation results show that the buckling behavior of defective tubes is quite different from the perfect tube.The critical buckling load of zigzag SWCNTs is significantly reduced with different defect appeared in the tube wall,and the effective elastic modulus are also slightly but distinguishingly influenced by individual defect.It is revealed that an Stone-Thrower-Wales defect could induce greater decrease of the rigidity a single vacancy defect or a double vacancies one.The harmful effects of defects do not depend simply on the size of the defective area,but related strongly to the buckling modes of the defective SWCNTs which specifically differ from each other due to the different defect structures.     

复式钢管砼空心柱的抗压刚度

将复式钢管砼空心柱分成核心砼、内钢管和外钢管3部分,通过对核心砼进行轴对称柱体分析和钢管的薄壳分析,考虑核心砼和内、外钢管的径向位移和纵向应变的协调条件,建立了复式钢管砼空心柱抗压刚度EA的计算公式.同时分析了内钢管泊松比、外钢管泊松比、核心砼泊松比对构件抗压刚度、钢管与核心砼应力比的影响,得出了一些有益的结论.     

纵向初应力作用下圆钢管混凝土轴压短柱受力机理

应用连续介质力学,确立钢管在纵向初应力作用下的圆钢管混凝土同心圆柱体钢管和混凝土受压时的计算模型,推导了初应力作用下的钢管混凝土组合弹性模量计算公式和组合应力-应变关系全曲线的表达式,分析了不同初应力系数下钢管混凝土加载过程中的钢管轴向应力-应变关系、环向应力-应变关系以及核心混凝土的轴向应力-应变关系、径向应力-应变关系的变化情况,探讨了初应力系数对钢管混凝土力学性能的影响。分析结果表明:随着钢管纵向初应力的增大,核心混凝土的纵向刚度、径向压应力、纵向强度与钢管环向拉应力也有所降低,而相应的钢管纵向压应力有所增加,套箍约束作用和极限承载力也有所降低,但对组合弹性模量影响不大。     

Numerical analysis of material properties in deformation of near hemispherical shells

In this paper, the effects of hardening exponent, yield strength and elastic modulus on the deformability of near hemispherical shells are investigated by means of finite element method and orthogonal experiment design. The largest eccentric angle during the deformation process and thickness reduction after the deformation are introduced to estimate the deformability quantitatively according to the deformation characteristics of near hemispherical shells. The results indicate that the hardening exponent is the most influential parameter, followed by elastic modulus and yield strength. The shell exhibits good deformability when the hardening exponent and elastic modulus are in the range of 0.1–0.125 and 70–108 GPa, respectively.     

Thermal Transport in Nanoporous Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia by Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is widely used as thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) to reduce heat transfer between hot gases and metallic components in gas-turbine engines. Porous structure can generally reduce the lattice thermal conductivity of bulk material, so porous YSZ can be potentially used as TBCs with better thermal performance. In this work, we investigate the thermal conductivity of nanoporous YSZ using the nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulation, and comprehensively discuss the effects of cross-sectional area, pore size, structure length, porosity, Y₂O₃ concentration and temperature on the thermal conductivity. To compare with the results of the NEMD simulation, we solve the heat diffusion equation and the gray Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) to calculate the thermal conductivity of the same porous structure. From the results, we find that the thermal conductivity of YSZ has a weak dependence on the structure length at the length range from 10 to 26 nm, which indicates that the majority of heat carriers have very short mean free path (MFP) but there exists small percentage (about 3%) of phonons with longer MFP (larger than 10 nm) contributing to the thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity predicted by NEMD simulation is smaller than that of solving heat diffusion equation (diffusive limit) with the same porous structure. It shows that the presence of pores affects phonon scattering and further affects the thermal conductivity of nanoporous YSZ. The results agree well with the solution of gray BTE with a average MFP of 0.6 nm. The thermal conductivity of nanoporous YSZ weakly depends on the Y₂O₃ concentration and temperature, which shows the phonons with very short MFP play the major contribution to the thermal conductivity. The results help to better understand the heat transfer in porous YSZ structure and develop better TBCs.     

Numerical simulation of drawdown and land deformation in pumping-recovery tests performed on a circular excavation

A mathematical model, which not only fully couples fluid flow and solid skeleton deformation in unsaturated porous elastic media but also considers deformable diaphragm walls, is formulated in axially symmetric cylindrical coordinates for drawdown and land deformation. Based on this model, pumping-recovery tests in various conditions are numerically simulated to reveal the effects of elastic modulus of soil E and initial saturated hydraulic conductivity K_(sat0) on hydraulic head and land deformation. The heterogeneity with respect to E and K_(sat0) is separately taken into account. Large elastic modulus of soil contributes to both dewatering process and deformation control. Either large or small initial saturated hydraulic conductivity may cause relatively high groundwater table, while the larger one leads to smaller displacements.     

预应力碳纤维加固RC梁的可靠度分析

目前,加固后桥梁结构的安全分析主要采用有限元等确定性分析方法,没有考虑变量的变异性.在已有研究的基础上,建立了预应力碳纤维加固RC梁的极限状态方程;运用改进的重要抽样法,对预应力碳纤维加固结构进行了可靠指标计算.计算结果表明:该算法能较好地提高解的精度;通过参数敏感性影响分析可知,抗力设计变量中,h0的均值和fy的变异系数对结构可靠度的影响最为显著,同时,可靠度指标还随着CFRP的弹性模量和截面面积的均值的增大而增大.     

锂离子电池负极纳米SnO2/C复合材料的制备与性能

采用一种简单低成本的方法,以蔗糖作为碳源,在氮气气氛下以不同温度焙烧合成纳米SnO2/C复合材料.并对所得样品进行XRD,TEM表征及电化学性能测试.XRD结果表明复合材料中碳是无定形的.透射电镜(TEM)结果显示SnO2平均粒径为10 nm左右,并被碳均匀包裹.纳米SnO2/C复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料呈现高的库伦效率和较好的循环稳定性.     

基于荷载传递法的锚杆锚固段荷载变形分析

基于荷载传递法,推导了锚固段的荷载传递基本微分方程;结合Kelvin问题的位移解,得到锚固段的应力分布的解析表达式,认为锚杆体的直径、外荷载及锚杆体弹性模量与岩体剪切模量的比值等因素影响着锚固段的应力水平。计算结果表明:锚杆体直径增加到一定程度会使锚杆所受的最大剪应力快速增加;在较高的初始力条件下,锚固段前端应力集中现象明显;较小的锚杆体弹性模量与岩体剪切模量比值有利于锚固段应力的均匀分布。     

独塔斜拉与连续刚构组合桥梁动力特性及参数影响分析

为分析国内首座独塔斜拉连续刚构组合结构体系铁路桥梁的动力特性,以Midas/Civil 2006为平台,介绍其空间有限元模型的建模策略;采用子空间迭代法对这种独特的组合体系进行动力特性分析,给出了前10阶频率和相应的振型;同时,分别计算了恒载集度和弹性模量2种主要结构参数变化对动力特性的影响,并对其规律作出了讨论分析。计算结果表明:斜拉刚构组合结构振动特性兼有斜拉桥和刚构桥的特点,受恒载集度和弹性模量等结构参数变化影响较大。     

考虑表面微观粗糙度的轮轨接触弹塑性分析

采用接触单元方法,结合初应力法,采用测量获得的表面微观粗糙度,对轮轨弹塑性接触问题进行了研究,获得了轮轨的表面接触压力分布等结果。结果表明,轮轨表面微观粗糙度度使得接触区的峰值接触压力大大高于平整接触表面的接触压力,会造成轮轨表面出现塑性变形。对含表面粗糙度的轮轨接触问题,进行弹塑性分析是必要的。     

纤维增强复合材料的有效模量预测

基于复合材料组分结构的复杂性,通常采用细观力学方法预测复合材料有效模量。本文分析了几种常用的细观力学方法,并采用Eshelby等效夹杂理论与Mori-tanaka方法,编制Matlab程序,分析了含有基体裂纹的纤维增强复合材料的有效弹性模量。选取纤维长径比与损伤含量为影响参数,绘制了有效模量的变化趋势图。     

碳基超级电容器的快速充放电性能及失效模式

采用基于电动车电池测试规范的超级电容器恒流充放电循环测试时间序列,研究了大电流充放电循环寿命试验中,超级电容器有效容量、充放电持续时间步长等性能指标的衰减规律,以及热能集中、电热击穿等因素诱发的超级电容器瞬间爆燃、表面塌陷等失效模式.     

锂离子电池负极纳米SnO2／C复合材料的制备与性能

采用一种简单低成本的方法,以蔗糖作为碳源,在氮气气氛下以不同温度焙烧合成纳米SnO2／C复合材料．并对所得样品进行XRD,TEM表征及电化学性能测试．XRD结果表明复合材料中碳是无定形的．透射电镜（TEM）结果显示SnO2平均粒径为10nm左右,并被碳均匀包裹．纳米SnO2／C复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料呈现高的库伦效率和较好的循环稳定性．     

混杂纤维片材拉伸性能研究

参考标准GB/T3354-1999测试了由碳纤维、玻璃纤维和尼龙纤维等编织的不同混杂纤维布和增强环氧树脂复合板的拉伸强度、弹性模量和拉伸过程曲线等,分析了混杂比例对干纤维布和纤维增强环氧树脂板拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:与1C1G和2C1G纤维布相比,1C2G单向纤维布呈现出更为理想的分级破坏形式,应力传递更稳定;在碳、玻璃混杂纤维增强环氧树脂板体系中,1C2G复合板延性优越,最大延伸率达1.68%;与碳、玻璃混杂纤维增强环氧树脂板相比,含有尼龙纤维的混杂纤维树脂板在拉伸过程中具有下降段,延性效果改善良好,但抗拉强度偏低;环氧树脂在复合材料中进行应力传递和重分配,有效提高了复合材料的整体受力性能。     

破裂水泥混凝土路面板沥青加铺层温度应力影响因素

为了防止水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青面层反射裂缝的产生,采用有限元方法,视路面结构为弹性层状体系,建立沥青加铺层、补强层、破裂水泥混凝土路面板和地基组成的空间三维模型,分析了破裂板块平面尺寸、降温幅度、沥青加铺层模量及厚度、结构补强层模量、混凝土路面板厚度等因素对沥青加铺层温度应力的影响。结果表明,对破裂后的旧水泥混凝土路面板块,沥青加铺层温度应力随其板块尺寸的减小而大幅度降低,较大的降温幅度对加铺层温度应力的影响远大于车辆荷载产生的应力;而降低沥青加铺层模量,增大加铺层厚度等技术措施可明显改善破裂板接缝处的应力状况,并能有效地防止沥青加铺层反射裂缝的产生。     

四肢变截面钢管混凝土格构柱恢复力模型计算方法

提出了四肢变截面钢管混凝土格构柱抗震性能有限元分析方法, 应用OpenSEES通用程序对试件进行建模, 计算了格构柱荷载-位移滞回曲线与水平峰值荷载; 以柱肢坡度、轴压比、长细比、支主管面积比、柱肢钢材强度、混凝土强度、缀管布置形式等为拓展参数, 研究了各参数对变截面平缀管式和斜缀管式钢管混凝土格构柱荷载-位移骨架曲线的影响规律; 借鉴等截面钢管混凝土格构柱骨架曲线统一算法的计算框架, 采用等效长度法, 拟合得到四肢变截面钢管混凝土格构柱骨架曲线各特征值(弹性刚度、水平峰值荷载、峰值荷载位移与下降段刚度) 的计算公式; 结合骨架曲线计算模型, 推导了恢复力模型的计算公式, 并进行了实例验证。研究结果表明: 轴压比、长细比、柱肢坡度、支主管面积比和材料参数是影响变截面格构柱抗震性能的关键参数, 且与等截面格构柱影响规律具有共性, 数值相差不超过20%;各试件特征值计算结果与有限元分析结果均吻合良好, 两者之比为0.990~1.029, 均方差为0.105~0.153, 误差基本控制在15%内; 四肢变截面钢管混凝土格构柱恢复力模型计算误差小于12%, 计算结果可靠。