稳态工况下窄矩形通道内单相流体的传热特性研究

为了研究窄矩形通道内单相流体的传热特性,搭建了窄矩形通道的热工水力实验装置,通过稳态单相流体的实验数据对窄矩形通道内的努赛尔数进行了计算,结果发现随着雷诺数的增加,努赛尔数的变化规律分为层流区、转捩区、湍流区三个区域;同时在层流区和湍流区Sieder-Tate关系式和Gnielinski关系式能够比较好的预测窄矩形通道内的努赛尔数。     

散装水泥船水泥滑移附加倾侧力臂分析

散装水泥的颗粒大小、堆装形式和休止角等与普通大宗散货（如煤、黄砂、砂石等）不同,其滑移特性对稳性存在不利影响。对散装水泥船的水泥滑移进行了研究,提出了滑移附加倾侧力臂计算方法,为保障内河散装水泥船的稳性安全提供了确实可行的方法。     

波状摆动式鱼类的推进性能研究

以开发适用于小型潜器的仿生操纵与推进系统为研究背景,利用计算流体动力学软件Fluent对波状摆动式鱼类进行了数值模拟,建立波状摆动式鱼类的数值计算模型,研究不同变形参数对鱼类推进性能以及尾涡流场结构的影响。结果表明,随着波长的增加,鱼类能够获得更好的推进性能。通过对比不同频率下鱼类推进性能以及流场结构,探讨不同滑移率及斯特劳哈尔数对推进性能影响。     

基于VOF方法的驻留微气泡形状稳定性仿真研究

亚微米级的驻留微气泡在强剪切流中发生变形,会导致将气泡简化为完全滑移刚性壁面而进行的数值仿真出现明显误差.文中采用了VOF方法求解驻留微气泡的气—液两相流平板Couette流场模型,利用剪切流粘性力与表面张力的比值毛细数Ca作为判据,得到了Ca=0.1作为亚毫米尺度微气泡在剪切流中发生显著变形的临界值,并将Ca＜＜0.1作为将驻留微气泡简化为完全滑移刚性壁面的适用条件.通过仿真得出滑移长度随毛细数增大而减小,当毛细数超过0.1时,驻留微气泡起到增阻作用.在微气泡不发生严重变形的前提下,选择尽量大尺寸的气泡有利于提高减阻效果.     

船用板式换热器的脉动流强化换热研究

针对板式换热器效率低和易结垢等问题，采用脉动流强化板式换热器。利用数值模拟的方法对脉动流场下板式换热器通道内流体的流动和换热特性进行分析研究，并采用相关试验数据对数值模拟结果进行验证。研究结果表明：船用板式换热器的总传热系数随着质量流量的增加而增加，而强化换热因子则表现为先增加后减小的状态，各脉动频率下的强化换热因子均大于1.000，其最大值为1.258，这表明脉动流的加入有利于提高板式换热器的强化换热效果。同时，利用自主设计的试验台，将试验结果与模拟的努谢尔特数和压降进行对比分析，发现其表现出一致的规律性，最大偏差分别为12%和10.6%。研究结果可为脉动流强化换热的工程应用提供重要参考。     

双层流体中浮箱拖航阻力的实验研究

在密度分层的双层流体中进行浮箱拖航的物理模型实验,通过改变拖航速度v、吃水深度b以及分界面位置研究浮箱阻力变化特点及规律。实验结果表明:单双层拖航阻力差值Fsd及阻力系数差值Csd随着拖航速度的增加,均呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势,且在分界面位置不变的情况下Csd达到峰值对应的内傅汝德数Fr极为相近,仅随吃水深度的增加略有减小;此外,当内傅汝德数Fr大于0.8时,阻力系数与吃水深度系数平方的比值大小只与内傅汝德数Fr有关,而与箱体的吃水深度无关。     

规则波作用下组合式潜堤消浪性能试验研究

通过物理模型试验对梯形和矩形组合式潜堤的消浪性能进行研究,比较组合式潜堤与单排布置潜堤的消浪性能,分析堤顶水深、波高、间距及组合堤排数等因素对潜堤透射系数Kt的影响。试验结果表明:组合式潜堤的透射系数随着堤顶水深的增加而增加,随着波高的增大而减小;组合式潜堤排数越多消浪效果越好,可根据实际工程需要恰当地选择潜堤的布置排数。     

旋转圆柱绕流的流场特性

在亚临界区Re=1.4×105条件下,基于大涡模拟（LES）方法对均匀来流作用下的旋转圆柱绕流进行了数值模拟。通过与非旋转时的实验和计算结果比较,验证了文中计算的准确性。在此基础上,对不同转速条件下（0≤α≤2,α为圆周线速度与自由来流速度的比值）的圆柱绕流进行了数值研究。结果表明,圆柱旋转可以有效地抑制其旋涡脱落,随着转速的增加,可大幅提高其升阻比,主要表现为阻力系数减小而升力系数线性增大。当α=2时,阻力系数和升力系数在经过短暂过渡期后达到稳定。     

长江上游河道剖面分维数与通航水力要素的关系*

通过对向家坝坝下宜宾—朱沱河段建立一维及二维非恒定-分形数学模型,研究该河段及局部滩段水流条件,利用累计和变维分形方法,得到河道纵剖面河流长度分形维数和河道横剖面河流宽度分形维数。在此基础上,探讨了河道纵剖面分维数和河道横剖面分维数与通航水力指标的响应关系。研究结果表明：1）在宜宾—朱沱河段中,随着河道纵剖面分维数的减小,横剖面分维数逐渐变小。2）在满足最低通航流量要求情况下,宜宾—泸州段的纵剖面分维数的取值范围为-1.297～-1.049,泸州—朱沱段的纵剖面分维数的取值范围为-1.305～-1.032。3）在宜宾—朱沱河段中,某一流量下横剖面分维数值反映的是某断面的地形与该级流量的相关度,而滩段横剖面分维数反映的是全河段地形与流量过程的相关度。     

W 含量对 ZrAlWN 复合膜微结构、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用反应磁控溅射法沉积了一系列不同 W 含量的 ZrAlWN 复合膜,利用扫描电子显微镜、X 射线衍射仪、纳米压痕仪和摩擦磨损仪研究了复合膜的微结构、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能。研究表明,当 W 的原子百分含量小于30.19%时, ZrAlWN 薄膜与 ZrAlN 薄膜微结构相似,为 fcc - ZrAlWN ＋ hcp - AlN 两相共存;当 W 的原子百分含量在30.19%~36.05%时,AlN（110）衍射峰消失,薄膜中出现了 fcc - W2 N（111）和（200）衍射峰,此时薄膜为 fcc - ZrAlWN ＋ fcc - W2 N 结构;随着W 的含量进一步升高,薄膜出现 fcc - W（200）衍射峰,此时薄膜为 fcc - ZrAlWN ＋ fcc - W2 N ＋ fcc - W 三相共存。随着 W含量的增加,复合膜的硬度先增大后减小,当 W 的原子百分含量为30.19%时,硬度高达26.70 GPa.常温下,随 W 含量的增加,复合膜的摩擦系数先升高后降低,但磨损率逐渐减小;高温下,复合膜的摩擦系数随着温度的升高先增大后减小,当温度为700℃时,摩擦系数为0.51.文中还讨论了不同温度下 ZrAlWN 薄膜的摩擦机理.     

Errata

正In the paper"Influence of Fouling Assemblage on the Corrosion Behaviour of Mild Steel in the Coastal Waters of The Gulf of Mannar,India"in Vol.12,No.4,Page:509,References were lost,and the two authors’biographies were identical.The correct text is shown below.We apologize to the authors and our readers for any inconvenience caused by the errors.     

Journal of Marine Science and Application 2014 Sum. Contents

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第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

联合作战计划和执行系统

全球指挥控制系统(GCCS)实施当前美国海军网络中心战信息基础设施的联合计划网络。联合作战计划和执行系统(JOPES)支持GCCS实现联合计划。JOPES有两类计划：时间不限的精密预案计划生成作战计划、方案计划或职能计划；时间敏感的危机行动计划生成作战命令或战役方案。前者在和平时期创建的作战计划是后者的计划基础，加速应付危机的能力。     

Eastbound or westbound ?

In terms of equal sailing distances, where is the inflexion when ships depart from ports in the Asian Continent to New York via Suez and/or Panama？
The answer is China South Port Group （Hong Kong, Shenzhen and Guangzhou）.     

Recent progress on wave induced loading measurements in warships

Recent measurements of wave induced hull strain and flexure in RN warships are presented together with the derivation of the current design criteria for extreme hull girder bending loads. The history of the development of the shipboard instrumentation used is given and recent developments to improve the quality and ease of analysis of the data are described. An unexpectedly high transverse asymmetry in the longitudinal strains measured in destroyers is shown to be the result of a combination of vertical and lateral bending in oblique seas. Finally recent theoretical comparisons between the loading of Deep-Vee hulls and conventional UK rounded bilge hulls are presented which demonstrate the higher loading experienced by this type of hull form.     

桥梁防撞设施物理模型试验

物理模型试验是预报防撞设施所受撞击力及优化设计方案的主要方法之一。结合杭州湾大桥柔性防撞设施及东海大桥独立式防撞体设计方案,阐述了船—防撞体撞击试验的基本原理、方法、试验方案及相关试验结果。提出了柔性防撞系统的优化方案。试验结果表明,该方案经济有效,可供预报类似桥梁防撞设施撞击力时参考。     

印尼某电厂码头水工建筑物设计

印尼某电厂项目码头水工建筑物包括码头、防波堤和护岸等主要组成部分。在该项目水工建筑物的设计过程中,综合考虑当地的自然条件、施工能力和材料来源等因素,不断优化结构选型和结构断面。根据不同使用要求,护岸分别采用直立式和斜坡式2种结构型式,推荐的设计方案节省投资、施工方便,可供同类工程设计参考。     

Impact of regulation on the performances of long-distance transport services: A comparison of the different approaches in Sweden and Norway

Despite the many socio-economic similarities between Sweden and Norway, differences in jurisdiction, organisation, cooperation, and financing of long-distance passenger train and coach services have led to the development of four distinctively different ways of serving the markets. This paper describes how the train and coach markets have developed in the two countries, with emphasis on regulatory and industrial structure and a couple of performance variables.Looking at passenger rail, both countries separated infrastructure from operation over a decade ago. However, while Norwegian rail is characterised by an almost monopoly supplier, rail services in Sweden are partly decentralised to the responsibility of county authorities and are widely subjected to competitive tendering. The rest of the network is about to be opened up for on-the-track competition. Swedish Rail (SJ) has spent the last decades consolidating its core business (passenger rail) and sold out its other businesses. In contrast, the Norwegian state rail (NSB) has expanded its business to become a major bus operator and property owner, with extensions also into the Swedish market.The coach industry was more recently deregulated in both countries. The Swedish coach market is dominated by privately owned companies operating services to and from Stockholm. In Norway, state-owned NSB is a major coach operator on medium distance routes, and is also the largest partner of Nor-Way Bussekspress which totally dominates long-distance coach services. Further, the Norwegian coach market is characterised by cross-ownership and cooperation which has enabled an extensive route network which covers most of Norway.We find distinct differences in achievements in the two modes and in the two countries. Swedish rail services have succeeded in winning market shares and in renewing and developing both infrastructure and service levels to a greater extent than the Norwegian model. On the other hand, the Norwegian coach market seems to be more developed and efficient compared to its Swedish counterpart.The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible links between the different approaches and the performance observed, with the aim to stimulate further and more detailed research on some important issues.     

开放式数据挖掘系统模型

目前国内已经出现了少量的数据挖掘相关产品。国内数据挖掘软件无论从数量还是质量上比较，都与国外软件存在着较大的差距。随着数据仓库技术的普及，数据挖掘应用的需求越来越强烈，如何缩短这种差距，研发数据挖掘软件产品成为国内业界的一个重要问题。通过引用目前国际通用数据挖掘标准技术来构建开放式的数据挖掘系统模型，该系统模型从可扩展性、可重用性、易用性等方面得到了加强。