不同驾驶操作行为对车辆燃油消耗量的影响分析

针对车辆驾驶员普遍存在盲目换挡、急加速等不良驾驶行为的现象,研究采用发动机台架试验和道路试验相结合的方法,对汽车起步、换挡时机的选择、加速、减速、车速控制等典型的驾驶操作行为展开研究,通过对不同驾驶操作行为燃油消耗的分析,规范了汽车驾驶操作行为。     

行车安全与驾驶员选择反应能力相关性研究

为了考察驾驶员选择反应能力对行车安全的影响,借助开发的选择反应检测仪采集4642名营运车辆驾驶员选择反应的有效数据,并调查被测驾驶员三年的安全行车记录。将被测驾驶员划分为四个组别,利用SPSS软件对实验数据进行处理,分析行车事故与驾驶员选择反应能力的相关性。研究结果表明,四个组别的行车事故具有显著性差异,行车事故与选择反应准确性有较强的正相关性。     

山区公路驾驶员视觉行为特性仿真研究

为了解山区公路驾驶员的驾驶行为特性,利用驾驶模拟技术,在山区公路仿真环境下,对驾驶员进行驾驶模拟仿真试验,探讨不同熟练程度驾驶员的视觉行为特性规律及差异性。结果表明：熟练与非熟练驾驶员在注视次数、注视时间、扫视幅度、扫视速度上均具有显著性差异,具有丰富驾驶经验的驾驶员在视觉搜索方面更有技巧,能够快速准确的捕捉大量信息,但需耗费更长的反应时间,也容易采取较为的冒险动作。驾驶经验尚浅的驾驶员在视觉搜索方面显得较为拘谨,感知信息速度慢,获取信息量较少使所需反应时间短,受自身驾驶经验和驾驶水平限制,车辆操控较为谨慎。     

京张高铁自动驾驶列车技术规章适应分析与制修订建议研究

自动驾驶列车是京张高铁智能化的一个重要体现,该项智能技术设备的运用对既有行车组织、设备维修、旅客服务等方面产生了较大的影响。为充分发挥智能设备的先进功能,需要与之相配套的技术规章体系。本文研究智能驾驶技术对行车组织、设备维修、旅客服务等方面的影响,分析既有相关技术规章的适应性,并从自动驾驶技术设备运用、管理、维修的角度出发,提出技术规章制修订的建议。论文的研究为京张高铁自动驾驶智能设备的运用提供保障,也为智能京张的技术规章体系构建提供技术支撑。     

How to Use Driving Simulators Properly: Impacts of Human Sensory and Perceptual Capabilities on Visual Fidelity

Fidelity has been a critical concern of researchers throughout the history of driving simulation. Understanding the limits of a driving simulation system is a prerequisite for conducting valid driving simulator studies. This paper proposes a novel and interdisciplinary methodology to ensure validity of studies using driving simulators (primarily for traffic control devices and other object detection tasks) based on the visual limits of human sensory and perceptual capabilities, and the characteristics of raster graphics. This methodology decomposes the perceptual issues of a stimulus into perceptual issues of different visual properties like luminance, hue, or text of the stimulus. By systematically analyzing the mechanism of human vision in driving simulators, the perceptual principle is proposed to ensure perceivable visual details in human-in-the-loop driving simulation systems. Additionally, the graphic principle is proposed to ensure perceivable features of a target object in the virtual driving environment. Both principles quantify the minimum requirements of visual fidelity with two measurements: angular resolution and matrix dimensions. The enriched results from existing pertinent studies are analyzed and organized to yield support of both principles. This research focuses on the minimum requirements for four factors; namely the visual acuity of drivers, the specifications of display systems, the configurations of graphics systems, and the design of virtual scenarios, as well as the relationship among all these factors to assess the visual fidelity in driving simulation systems. Within the realm of human perception, this work can provide criteria for proper design, calibration, and usage of driving simulators.