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航道整治工程中常使用潜锁坝来调节汊道分流比,一般由坝体和护底余排两部分组成,由于潜锁坝横跨深水大流速的汊道,对水流的调整作用明显,易引起河床局部剧烈冲刷,河床变化反作用于建筑物结构,导致局部变形甚至损毁。本文选取和畅洲水道左汊的两座潜锁坝为典型案例,采用实测资料结合水流模拟分析的方法,研究了建筑物实施后的效果以及建筑物发生变形的部位和局部损毁情况,探讨局部损毁的特征和原因。结果表明:坝体基本完整,变形主要发生在护底的余排边缘,排体损毁部位与建筑物附近冲刷较为剧烈的位置相对应,损毁原因主要有洪水期河道深槽主流冲刷、坝体变坡区下游水流紊乱淘刷和特殊水文年长时间洪水作用加速排体损毁3个方面。 相似文献
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随着尾矿干堆技术在南方多雨地区的推广应用,降雨导致坝体表面雨水渗流的情况时有发生,影响干堆尾矿库坝体的稳定性,因此,在对干堆尾矿库稳定性进行分析时增加降雨渗流分析是十分必要的。本论文以某干堆尾矿库为实例背景,进行了取样调查、实验分析,掌握了该干堆尾矿库磷石膏的基本性质,并做了不同降雨条件下的实验,得出影响坝体稳定性因素的结论。为干堆尾矿库设计提供参考。 相似文献
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根据坝体应变计的监测资料,经过一系列的计算,求得测点处的混凝土应力值。通过绘制应力过程线以及特征值统计,对各部位的混凝土应力分布态势和发展过程进行了定性和定量的分析;对测值变化规律及影响因素作了分析。通过分析认为,坝体多数测点混凝土处于受压状态,仅少数测点混凝土处于受拉状态。从应力变化过程看,坝体应力由于水压和坝体自重相互作用,多数测点应力变化速率较小,有的测点基本趋于稳定。各向应力变化比较均匀,基本上没有发生很大突变的现象,最大压应力和最大拉应力也在规范容许范围内,江垭大坝7#坝段混凝土应力状况基本正常。 相似文献
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总结面板堆石坝坝体填筑施工管理经验,详细阐述该坝型的坝体填筑施工工艺,坝体分区填筑、碾压施工方法,并从坝体填筑质量管理角度,指出了坝体填筑中应主要的几个问题及预防处理方法。 相似文献
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以某粘土心墙坝作为计算对象,坝体填料采用邓肯——张双曲线非线性模型,利用中点增量法计算了坝体在八级加载情况下的变位和应力值,结果表明:坝体竖向位移发生在坝体中部附近,应力分布在心墙两侧接近坝基的部分最大,坝体心墙拱效应明显等等。 相似文献
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文中对玛纳斯河肯斯瓦特面板堆石坝的坝体分区及坝料设计进行了研究,通过当地的天然建筑材料的情况及施工进度进行了坝体分区方案选择及坝料设计,在充分利用天然建筑材料的条件下,优化了坝体结构,同时满足坝体变形控制的要求,节约了工程投资,加快了施工进度,保证了工程质量。 相似文献
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为研究混凝土坝在浇筑施工过程中产生的水化热所导致的坝体温度场变化,以坝体施工浇筑首层混凝土为研究对象,通过理论公式计算其混凝土生热速率,使用有限元软件ansys对其进行热分析,得到坝体的温度分布云图以及温度梯度云图表明混凝土坝体施工过程中产生水化热有对坝体温度场有较大的影响,对此提出了相应的处理措施。 相似文献
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基于认知系统工程分类方法,应用层次分析法构建了船舶机损事故人误原因因素结构模型,将成对比较矩阵的特征向量作为因素的权重,确定相关因素的影响力排序。给出了一种识别船舶机损事故中人误原因主要影响因素的实用方法,并针对性地提出相应预防措施,减少船舶机损事故提供可靠的理论依据。 相似文献
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A simple reliability-based framework is applied to calibrate a new set of fatigue design guidelines. This new guideline considers two different approaches for the assessment of both loads, stresses and local stress raising effects, and partial safety factors must be given for any combination of these approaches. For the calibration, the lognormal reliability format is adopted because the hereby-derived partial safety factors can be combined arbitrarily. This means that with a few basic partial safety factors, the combination of partial safety factors to be applied together with any combination of calculation approaches can be determined easily. In the present paper both the adopted reliability format, the applied modeling of uncertainties and the selected target safety index are explained. Based on this, a new guideline is calibrated and the derived partial safety factors are presented. Finally, the new guideline is applied through a numerical example in order to show the applicability of the calibrated partial safety factors, and satisfactory results are found. 相似文献
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In this paper, analytical expressions for stress concentration factors in pipes subjected to internal pressure and axial force are derived for a number of design cases based on classical shell theory. The effect of fabrication tolerances in simple butt welds is assessed. Analyses based on classical mechanics are compared with results from axisymmetric finite element analyses for verification of the presented methodology. Stress concentration factors are presented for circumferential butt welds in pipes welded together from pipes with different thicknesses, welds at buckling arrestors, welds at flanged connections in pipelines, and welds at ring stiffeners on the inside and the outside of the pipes. It also includes stress concentration factors at end closures in pipes for gas storage. Larger pipes are fabricated from plates with a longitudinal weld. This fabrication process introduces out-of-roundness in the pipes. The actual out-of-roundness is a function of internal pressure. An analytical expression for the bending stress in the pipe wall due to this out-of-roundness is presented. The derived stress concentration factors can be used together with a hot spot stress S–N curve for calculation of fatigue damage. 相似文献
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在缺少海洋水文观测资料的情况下,利用风浪要素计算图确定风浪尺度是工程人员推算设计波浪的简便方法。本文根据《海港水文规范》中推荐的方法和基本公式,绘制了深水风浪要素计算图,对现行规范中的计算图进行了修正。 相似文献
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《船舶与海洋工程学报》2021,(3)
In recent years,marine pilotage accidents occurring on a worldwide basis as a result of human error have not been ceased to transpire,despite advances in technology and a significant set of international conventions,regulations,and recommendations to reduce them.This paper aims to investigate the effect of human factors on the safety of maritime pilotage operations.The human factors that affect the operators who are performing ships' berthing operations have also been examined in detail.In this study,in order to determine the causes of human-related errors occurred in maritime pilotage accidents,a comprehensive literature review is carried out,and a considerable number of real past case examples and an analysis of the maritime accident investigation reports regarding pilotage operations events that occurred between 1995 and 2015 have been reviewed.To validate the identified humanrelated risk factors(HCFs) and explore other contributory factors,survey questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with domain experts have been conducted.A structural hierarchy diagram for the identified risk factors(HCFs) has been developed and validated through experienced experts belonging to the maritime sector.A questionnaire for pair-wise comparison is carried out and analysed using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) approach to evaluate the weight and rank the importance of the identified human causal factors.The findings of this study will benefit the maritime industry,by identifying a new database on causal factors that are contributing to the occurrence of maritime pilotage disasters.The database can be used as a stand-alone reference or help implement effective risk reduction strategies to reduce the human error,that might occur during pilotage operations. 相似文献