高速公路建设中边坡水土流失的监测与防治

首先分析土壤流失成因与侵蚀作用方式;其次以绥满公路(301国道)黑龙江境内海林至亚布力段为研究区,利用测钎法对高速公路建设项目的边坡进行水土流失进行监测,根据工程水土流失的特点、危害程度和防治目标;最后提出相应的边坡防护措施,建立以工程防护和植被防护为一体的综合防护体系,有效防治高速公路边坡引起的水土流失。     

Runoff and soil erosion from highway construction spoil deposits: A rainfall simulation study

To measure soil loss from these road construction spoils, 30 rainfall simulations involving five rainfall intensities were conducted to study runoff and soil erosion processes on a road in China. Twenty-five of the rainfall simulations were carried out on loose materials five different slopes. Another five rainfall simulations were conducted on compacted road materials with a slope of 30.6%. The results show that soil bulk density has a positive effect on runoff rate, and the effect of slope on runoff rate changes with rainfall intensity. Higher soil bulk density increases soil loss under low rainfall intensity, but decreases soil loss when rainfall intensity is high. Soil loss is positively related to slope, but the relationship differs from that in prior studied of croplands and disturbed lands. Equations for predicting soil erosion from loose materials and compacted road are developed.     

论高速公路边坡水土保持植物防护设计

通过对高速公路边坡水土保持的研究,主要论述边坡水土保持植物防护设计的应用,从高速公路水路流失的特点出发,指出边坡为公路水土流失重灾区。进行植物防护设计不仅能够达到防护效果,还有利于恢复植被,改善生态环境,有效地防止水土流失,并介绍了高速公路边坡水土流失植物防护技术设计原则。最后通过实践分析,对植物防护做出具体设计,为今后同类工程的水土保持措施布局提供参考和借鉴。     

Exploring the impacts of road surface texture on tyre/road noise - A case study in Hong Kong

The impacts of road surface texture on tyre/road noise are explored by analysing field data applying fast Fourier transform technique to tyre/road noise spectrum analysis. The results indicate that the tyre/road noise can be higher at lower frequency bands but lower at higher bands. Cluster analysis on surface texture in terms of wavelength identified three cluster groups that centred at 1.32 mm, 3.65 mm, and 5.11 mm have different impacts on noise. The shorter wavelength group suppressed tyre/road noise, medium group aggravated it and the high wavelength group were outliers.     

Effects of driving style on the fuel consumption of city buses under different road conditions and vehicle masses

The variance in fuel consumption caused by driving style (DS) difference exceeds 10% and reaches a maximum of 20% under different road conditions, even for experienced bus drivers. To study the influence of DS on fuel consumption, a method for summarizing DS characteristic parameters on the basis of vehicle-engine combined model is proposed. With this method, the author proposes 26 DS characteristic parameters related to fuel consumption in the accelerating, normal running, and decelerating processes of vehicles. The influence of DS characteristic parameters on fuel consumption under different road conditions and vehicle masses is quantitatively analyzed on the basis of real driving data over 100,000 km. Analysis results show that the influence of DS characteristic parameters on fuel consumption changes with road condition and vehicle mass, with road condition serving a more important function. However, the DS characteristics in the accelerating process of vehicles are decisive for fuel consumption under different conditions. This study also calculates the minimum sample size necessary for analyzing the effect of DS characteristics on fuel consumption. The statistical analysis based on the real driving data over 2500 km can determine the influence of DS on fuel consumption under a given power-train configuration and road condition. The analysis results can be employed to evaluate the fuel consumption of drivers, as well as to guide the design of Driver Advisory System for Eco-driving directly.     

Spatial impacts of road pricing: Accessibility, regional spillovers and territorial cohesion

Road pricing policies are gaining prominence in EU countries. These policies have positive impacts leading to mobility patterns which are socially and environmentally more desirable, but they also have negative impacts. One negative impact is to be found in regional accessibility, due to the increase in generalized transport costs. This study presents a methodology based on accessibility indicators and GIS to assess the accessibility impacts of a road pricing policy. The methodology was tested for the Spain’s road network considering two road pricing scenarios. It enables not only the more penalized regions to be identified but also negative road pricing spillover effects between regions. These effects are measured in terms of accessibility changes occurring in one region produced by charges implemented in another region. Finally, the study of accessibility disparities (by calculating inequality indexes for each of the scenarios considered), provides policymakers with useful information regarding the impact of road pricing policies from the point of view of territorial cohesion.     

包盖法处治膨胀土路堤效果评价

文章针对广西宁明段膨胀土的工程地质和土性特征,长沙理工大学膨胀土课题组结合路堤沉降量的观测结果,分析了包盖法处治膨胀土路堤的可行性,采用包盖法处治膨胀土路堤试验的修筑方法,为公路膨胀土填料处治和路堤加固设计提供参考。     

PPP模式下高速公路项目施工期环境保护与水土保持管理探讨

PPP工程总承包是国家现阶段正在推行的建设项目组织模式,以专业投资公司联合专业施工单位及设计院为主进行PPP工程总承包是新兴的一种探索模式。在国内环水保形势日益严峻的情况下,如何做好PPP模式下高速公路项目环水保管理工作成为新的挑战。通过张扁高速公路PPP模式的应用,从公路工程建设过程中产生环、水保问题的原因与危害着手,分别从建设单位、监理单位、施工方简单阐述了各自的环、水保管理责任以及具体的控制措施;建设单位作为环、水保工作的总组织者、总协调者的作用不容忽视,在建设单位统一布局与领导下,通过有效管理可将环、水保问题控制在可控范围,使我国的高速公路建设向着生态公路的方向发展。     

Comparison of data envelopment analysis and deterministic parametric frontier approaches: an application in the Norwegian road construction sector

This paper analyzes efficiency in the Norwegian road sector by using two competing methods. The first is Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), while the second is Deterministic Frontier Analysis (DFA) with a Cobb‐Douglas kernel specification. Both approaches show similarities with respect to efficiency distribution. The rock‐blasting sectors potential for efficiency improvement is in the range 19–59 percent. Both approaches demonstrate decreasing return to scale properties for the average unit. There is a significant correlation between size and efficiency indicating that larger units perform better than smaller ones. Precautionary blasting mainly performed in densely populated areas is also found to explain much of the variations in efficiency scores. Any policy implication should therefore carefully examine exogenous factors. The main difference between the two approaches, which can be explained by the number of parameters to be determined, concerns level of scores rather than their distribution. However, there are arguments that advocate DEA rather than DFA in the rock‐blasting sector.     

以道路运输比较优势促进运输竞合的策略研究

文章以道路运输业面临的挑战和机遇为背景,分析了当前道路运输的现状与存在的问题,阐述了道路运输业所具有的比较优势,并提出了利用道路运输比较优势实现运输竞合的策略。     

浅谈新形势下路桥企业思想政治工作如何有效发挥作用

文章结合路桥企业工作实际,探讨新形势下思想政治工作有效发挥作用的途径,提出围绕企业中心任务、立足路桥行业特点和以人为本、提高员工整体素质的基本工作思路。     

公路工程土石方填筑的施工质量控制

在石料丰富的山区高速公路高填方路段进行施工,经常采用土石混填路堤。从选择料场、控制土石层的虚铺厚度、何时碾压、控制土的含水量、碾压遍数及压路机吨位、检测等方面进行了阐述,分析了土石路基常见病害的形成原因,并提出相应的施工工艺和控制措施。     

高铁时代下广西道路客运企业面临的机遇与挑战探析

文章从高铁时代下高铁运输对传统道路运输的冲击入手,结合区域经济发展情况,分析道路运输企业所面临的挑战和发展机遇,探讨了高铁与道路客运的优劣性,提出道路客运企业应对挑战、走出困境、持续发展的对策。     

广西高速公路水土流失防治分析

文章分析了广西高速公路建设中水土流失的成因、特点,总结了近年广西高速公路水土流失的治理情况,并以南百高速公路为例,阐述了广西高速公路水土流失防治常用措施与取得的水土保持成效。最后对广西高速公路建设中水土保持工作存在的问题提出若干建议。     

Synopsis of bicycle demand in the City of Toronto: Investigating the effects of perception,consciousness and comfortability on the purpose of biking and bike ownership

This paper provides an empirical basis for the evaluation of policies and programs that can increase the usage of bikes for different purposes as well as bike ownership. It uses an integrated econometric model of latent variable connecting multiple discrete choices. Empirical models are estimated by using a bicycle demand survey conducted in the City of Toronto in 2009. Empirical investigations reveal that latent perceptions of ‘bikeability’ and ‘safety consciousness’ directly influence the choice of biking. It is also found that the choice of the level of bike ownership (number of bikes) is directly influenced by latent ‘comfortability of biking’. The number of bikes owned moreover has a strong influence on the choices of biking for different purposes. It is clear that bike users in the City of Toronto are highly safety conscious. Increasing on-street and separate bike lanes proved to have the maximum effects on attracting more people to biking by increasing the perception of bikeability in the city, comfortability of biking in the city and increasing bike users’ sense of safety. In terms of individuals’ characteristics, older males are found to be the most conformable and younger females are the least comfortable group of cyclists in Toronto.