转变经营管理机制构建出租车和谐发展氛围

出租车是城市公共交通的有机组成部分，其点到点、全天候服务的运输特性是其它公共交通工具在目前所不具备的。因此，在城市中出租车的健康发展是建立和谐社会、体现以人为本的基本要求。出租车驾驶员是具备特殊劳动技能的劳动者之一，他们在为自己生存而劳动的同时，也为乘客提供了安全而便捷舒适的运输服务。他们与经营者（企业）劳动服务关系的和谐与否，不但直接影响着运输服务质量，也影响着社会秩序的稳定。     

贵州省出租车行业的问题及对策

贵州省出租车行业起步于上世纪80年代，经近30年的发展，覆盖面已经从最初的中心城市逐步扩展到各个县城，服务对象也从为少数人扩大到面向所有城乡居民。     

改善出租车行业管理重在调整利益

出租车司机的服务水平能从一个侧面折射出整个城市的文明程度；出租汽车行业运营秩序的好坏，服务质量的优劣，都能够直接体现出一个城市的管理水平和文明程度。因此，加强对客运出租汽车行业的管理，着力提高出租车行业文明程度，促进出租汽车市场健康有序的发展，具有十分重要的意义。     

城市出租车管理模式的改革建议

一、问题的提出出租车是城市交通工具的重要组成部分。随着经济的发展和城市现代化进程的加快,出租车在我国大中城市迅速发展起来,它关系到人民群众的切身利益,因而备受社会各界的关注。但仅2004年一年,全国许多大中城市出租车行业先后出现了多起纠纷事件。一连串纠纷或矛盾的出现,严重地影响了城市管理者的声望,暴露了现行出租车管理模式和运行机制在市场化改革与进程中的脆弱。从微观角度分析,乘客作为出租车市场上的消费者,在追求消费者剩余最大化的基础上,根据出租车的价格及司机的服务品质,由价值比来引导其消费行为,并以此影响行业利…     

我国城市客运出租车电召服务中的问题及对策

城市客运出租车在功能上是城市公交车的有效补充,具有公共属性。信息技术的进步使出租车电召服务的出现成为可能,出租车电召服务获得发展的内在动力主要体现在两方面:一是现代信息技术的使用对客运出行需求的多维特性像快速、舒适及准时等的满足;另一方面是,现代信息技术的使用对城市客运出租车运行效益的提升。我国城市客运出租车电召服务的问题实质是,电召服务模式创造的价值利益在出租车司机、出租公司、乘客及电召服务平台之间分配不均。为了推动出租车电召服务的健康发展,提出以下四个建议:①整体规划,优化城市交通结构,使出租车有一个合理的出行分担率;②政府行业主管部门积极作为,因地制宜,研究制定能有效平衡出租车司机、出租公司、乘客及电召服务平台等有关各方责任、权利及利益的出租车电召服务运行规则,解决体制约束问题;③在城市的扩张过程中,加大对出租车待租点、电召呼叫终端以及出租车电召服务平台的规划和建设,解决城市客运出租车电召服务开展的硬件支撑问题;④积极引导,大力宣传,使乘客和出租车司机都能积极参与,形成习惯,有效提高城市出租车运行服务的效率。     

开顺气车 开平安车——对话青岛出租车司机夏本昌

出租车是服务性行业,做好服务的首要条件是要保持好的心情。青岛,美丽的海滨城市。作为一个城市的窗口行业,出租车司机在一定程度上代表了这个城市的第一面孔,外地人判断一个城市的性格,往往从那些最先见到的出租车司机身上寻找答案。人们常说,做一件好事容易,做     

标准有执行力才有“生命力”——从《出租车运营服务规范》看出租汽车行业标准化建设

<正>2013年10、11月,城市客标委组织编制的《出租车运营服务规范》和《汽车租赁服务规范》等四项国家标准发布,受到社会广泛关注。2014年4月1日此四项国家标准正式实施。其中,国标《出租车运营服务规范》的实施,有力地规范了出租汽车驾驶员服务行为,提升了出租汽车服务质量服务水平,保障了乘客合法权益,对促进出租汽车行业健康发展发挥了积极作用;而汽车租赁行业首部国家标准《汽车租赁服务规范》的出台,则为行业管理提供了依     

基于服务质量招投标的出租车管理费计算模型研究

近年来受移动互联网的影响,出租车行业运行环境发生了重大变化,有关政策面临调整和变革。为适应新的形势和发展需求,从营收分配的角度,以出租车里程利用率为关键因素,提出一种基于服务质量招投标的出租车管理费计算模型,并以佛山市为例进行实例测算。研究表明,出租车里程利用率是影响营收的关键因素,出租车管理费和司机收入随里程利用率的变化而变化。当出租车里程利用率从0.6下降至0.57时,司机平均收入减少约1000元/月,与实际情况基本相符。建议相应下调管理费,形成企业与司机利益共享、风险共担的良性体系。     

长沙市出租车行业改革发展思考

出租车是城市客运交通系统的重要组成部分。从深化行业改革、减税降费、服务质量考核、驾驶员权益保障、规范市场经营秩序、加快合法化进程六个方面详细阐述长沙市出租车行业改革发展的工作开展情况。最后,针对如何促进出租车行业平稳健康发展这一议题,提出五点思考：建立协同工作体系、促进融合发展、加快信息化转型升级、强化安全管控、加强市场运行动态监测。     

出租车经营权期限挂钩服务质量信誉考核

日前，交通运输部印发《出租汽车经营服务管理规定》（简称《规定》），对规范出租车经营权管理进行了制度设计。《规定》明确出租汽车的车辆经营权实行期限制，鼓励通过服务质量招投标方式配置，并建立完善市场退出机制，将经营权到期后能否继续经营与服务质量信誉考核结果进行挂钩。     

A macroscopic taxi model for passenger demand,taxi utilization and level of services

In most urban areas taxi services are subject to various types of regulation such as entry restriction and price control. However, effective intervention depends on generating and using suitable information on the demand-supply equilibrium of the taxi market. This paper develops a simultaneous equation system of passenger demand, taxi utilization and level of services based on a taxi service situation found in the urban area of Hong Kong over the last ten years. A set of variables is introduced including number of licensed taxis, taxi fare, disposable income, occupied taxi journey time as exogenous variables and daily taxi passenger demand, passenger waiting time, taxi availability, taxi utilization and average taxi waiting time as endogenous variables. These variables are coupled together through a system of nonlinear simultaneous equations whose parameters are estimated from survey data. The simultaneous equation system can be used to obtain useful regulatory information to assist with the decisions concerning the restriction over the number of taxi licenses and the fixing of the taxi fare structure as well as a range of service quality control. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Modeling urban taxi services in road networks: Progress,problem and prospect

Traditionally, many economists have examined the models and economics of urban taxi services under various types of regulation such as entry restriction and price control in an aggregate way. Only recently have we modeled urban taxi services in a network context. A realistic method has been proposed to describe vacant and occupied taxi movements in a road network and taxi drivers' search behavior for customers. A few extensions have been made to deal with demand elasticity and congestion effects together with development of efficient solution algorithms. Calibration and validation of the network taxi service models have been conducted towards their practical applications. This paper presents an overview of the research that has been carried out by the authors to develop network equilibrium models and solution algorithms for urban taxi services, and offers perspectives for future researches.     

Customers’ selections between premium electric taxis and liquefied petroleum gas taxis

Reducing roadside emissions is a common challenge in metropolitan cities. In Hong Kong, conventional liquefied petroleum gas taxis are one of the main contributors to roadside emissions as they operate on the streets 24 h a day with a long daily driving mileage. Moreover, these taxis suffer from a severely poor service reputation. To enhance the environmental friendliness and service quality of the taxi industry, this study explores the market potential of operating premium electric taxis in the dispatching mode. A stated preference survey was conducted to 1410 taxi customers about their taxi-riding choices between premium electric taxis and conventional liquefied petroleum gas taxis. In total, 5640 observations were obtained and used to develop a series of binary logistic regression models with different model formulations for the determination of the significant factors influencing customers’ selections. The findings indicate that walk time to and wait time for taxis were the most critical concerns to the customers, and they were more willing to take premium taxis if their journey distance was longer and their desired improvement on taxi service quality was greater. The socio-demographic status of taxi customers also influences their choices. The associated policy implications are discussed for promoting taxis with better service quality and fewer roadside emissions. The findings provide some policy insights to other international cities that have a similar taxi market to Hong Kong.     

Airport taxi service regulation: An analysis of an exclusive contract

Taxi service at a number of major airports is supplied by one taxi company under an exclusive contract with the airport operating authority. Conventional wisdom suggests that airport taxi service produced under exclusive contract is socially inefficient. This was found to be true at the Dallas/Fort Worth Airport. In this paper we analyze the exclusive airport taxi service at Honolulu International Airport as a case study. At Honolulu International Airport, the terms of the exclusive airport taxi service contract are far less restrictive than those at Dallas/Fort Worth. Our analysis indicates that exclusive airport service can provide high quality service, reasonable prices and revenues to finance airport service. We conclude that is not the exclusivity, but rather the terms of the contract and the circumstances specific to each market that determines which system is best for a particular place.     

Equilibrium properties of taxi markets with search frictions

The equilibrium properties of an aggregate taxi market are investigated using a general bilateral searching and meeting function which characterizes the search frictions between vacant taxis and unserved customers. Three specific issues are analyzed for meeting functions that exhibit increasing, constant and decreasing returns to scale. Firstly, service quality in terms of customer wait/search time and average profit per taxi are examined jointly in relation to taxi fleet size, and a Pareto-improving win-win situation is identified, where an increase in taxi fleet size leads to improvements in both service quality and market profitability. Such a Pareto-improving situation is found to emerge if and only if the meeting functions show increasing returns to scale. Secondly, the properties of the socially optimal solution are examined. It is found that the taxi fleet size should be chosen such that the total cost of operating vacant taxis equals the total cost of customer waiting time multiplied by an asymmetric factor of the meeting function, and that taxi services should be subsidized at social optimum only when the meeting functions show increasing returns to scale. Thirdly, the Pareto-efficient services are examined for trade-offs between social welfare and profits in the light of partially conflicting objectives of the public sector and the private taxi firms using a bi-objective maximization approach. The taxi utilization rate and the customer wait/search time or service quality are proved to be constant along the Pareto frontier and equal to those at social optimum if the meeting functions show constant returns to scale. Extensions are made to the cases with increasing and decreasing returns to scale.     

Elasticities for taxicab fares and service availability

This study utilizes a unique dataset from New York City to examine the effects of taxi fare increases on trip demand and the availability of taxi service. The elasticity of trip demand with respect to fares is estimated to be –0.22; the elasticity of service availability with respect to the taxi fare is 0.28; and the elasticity of service availability with respect to total supply of service is near 1.0. These results have important implications for taxi regulatory decisions. First, fare increases do substantially increase industry revenues but at a lesser rate than the percentage increase in the fare. The implication for policy-makers is that fare elasticities must be carefully considered to obtain desired improvements in drivers' earnings. Second, service availability -- an important aspect of service quality that is generally overlooked during fare policy debates -- should be a central consideration in fare setting, given the considerable impact of fares on availability. Finally, where the supply of cabs needs to be expanded, the number of cabs can be significantly increased without harming the revenue stream of existing operators. This finding alleviates a major industry objection to issuing additional taxicab licenses.     

Influencing factors and heterogeneity in ridership of traditional and app-based taxi systems

The growth of app-based taxi services has disrupted the urban taxi market. It has seen significant demand shift between the traditional and emerging app-based taxi services. This study explores the influencing factors for determining the ridership distribution of taxi services. Considering the spatial, temporal, and modal heterogeneity, we propose a mixture modeling structure of spatial lag and simultaneous equation model. A case study is designed with 6-month trip records of two traditional taxi services and one app-based taxi service in New York City. The case study provides insights on not only the influencing factors for taxi daily ridership but also the appropriate settings for model estimation. In specific, the hypothesis testing demonstrates a method for determining the spatial weight matrix, estimation strategies for heterogeneous spatial and temporal units, and the minimum sample size required for reliable parameter estimates. Moreover, the study identifies that daily ridership is mainly influenced by number of employees, vehicle ownership, density of developed area, density of transit stations, density of parking space, bike-rack density, day of the week, and gasoline price. The empirical analyses are expected to be useful not only for researchers while developing and estimating models of taxi ridership but also for policy makers while understanding interactions between the traditional and emerging app-based taxi services.

     

Optimizing the locations of electric taxi charging stations: A spatial–temporal demand coverage approach

Vehicle electrification is a promising approach towards attaining green transportation. However, the absence of charging stations limits the penetration of electric vehicles. Current approaches for optimizing the locations of charging stations suffer from challenges associated with spatial–temporal dynamic travel demands and the lengthy period required for the charging process. The present article uses the electric taxi (ET) as an example to develop a spatial–temporal demand coverage approach for optimizing the placement of ET charging stations in the space–time context. To this end, public taxi demands with spatial and temporal attributes are extracted from massive taxi GPS data. The cyclical interactions between taxi demands, ETs, and charging stations are modeled with a spatial–temporal path tool. A location model is developed to maximize the level of ET service on the road network and the level of charging service at the stations under spatial and temporal constraints such as the ET range, the charging time, and the capacity of charging stations. The reduced carbon emission generated by used ETs with located charging stations is also evaluated. An experiment conducted in Shenzhen, China demonstrates that the proposed approach not only exhibits good performance in determining ET charging station locations by considering temporal attributes, but also achieves a high quality trade-off between the levels of ET service and charging service. The proposed approach and obtained results help the decision-making of urban ET charging station siting.     

Assessing Service Quality,Switching Costs and Customer Loyalty in Home‐Delivery Services in Taiwan

Abstract

This study empirically investigated service quality, switching costs and customer loyalty from home‐delivery services' customers' perceptive. With regard to service quality attributes, findings indicated that customers were most satisfied with ‘range of delivery’, followed by ‘seldom loses parcels’, ‘invoice accuracy’, ‘prompt and reliable collection’ and ‘delivery by due time’. They were least satisfied with competitiveness of price. A structural equation modelling (SEM) approach was employed to analyse the impact of service quality and switching costs on customer loyalty from customers' perspective. Results revealed that service quality positively influenced switching costs and customer loyalty, and switching costs had a positive effect on customer loyalty. Investigation of the moderating effect of switching costs on the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty indicated that it was significantly important. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings for firms providing home‐delivery services are discussed.