潜艇舱室固态胺CO2清除技术的动力学分析

分析了潜艇舱室固态胺CO2吸附及水蒸气再生的反应机理,指出了CO2水合反应和水合CO2分解反应分别为吸附与再生过程的慢反应.在实际工况下,固态胺吸附CO2的速率受传质控制,水蒸气再生过程很快,其速率不是主要关注的问题.基于双膜理论及双电层理论,分析讨论了固态胺吸附传质过程,推导出了CO2总的传质速率方程,给出了影响速率的2个可调因素--温度及固态胺的含水量.     

潜艇舱室固态胺CO2清除技术的动力学分析

分析了潜艇舱室固态胺CO2吸附及水蒸气再生的反应机理,指出了CO2水合反应和水合CO2分解反应分别为吸附与再生过程的慢反应.在实际工况下,固态胺吸附CO2的速率受传质控制,水蒸气再生过程很快,其速率不是主要关注的问题.基于双膜理论及双电层理论,分析讨论了固态胺吸附传质过程,推导出了CO2总的传质速率方程,给出了影响速率的2个可调因素--温度及固态胺的含水量.     

潜艇舱室固态胺CO2清除技术的动力学分析

分析了潜艇舱室固态胺CO_2吸附及水蒸汽再生的反应机理,指出了CO_2水合反应和水合CO_2分解反应分别为吸附与再生过程的慢反应。在实际工况下,固态胺吸附CO_2的速率受传质控制,水蒸汽再生过程很快,其速率不是主要关注的问题。基于双膜理论及双电层理论,分析讨论了固态胺吸附传质过程,推导出了CO_2总的传质速率方程,给出了影响速率的两个可调因素--温度及固态胺的含水量。     

有机胺溶液吸收CO2及其再生性能研究

为提高胺法吸收CO2的效率,减少过程中的胺损失,利用直接接触法和中空纤维膜接触器,考察了几种典型的单一有机胺溶液对不同浓度CO2的吸收特性及再生性能.试验结果表明,α碳-甲基取代胺能提高溶液的吸收容量,但总吸收速率下降;在低CO2浓度下,α碳-二甲基取代胺吸收速率较低且易析出;采用氨基乙酸钾(PG)和N-甲基甘氨酸钾(PMG)溶液,在膜吸收系统上可获得很高的CO2脱除效率,显示出良好的发展潜力.     

潜艇舱室固态胺CO2清除技术的化学热力学分析

依据有关文献提供的热力学状态函数值,分水蒸气再生和真空再生2种工况,近似计算了标准状态和实际状况下固态胺吸附与解吸CO2反应的平衡与程度,并讨论了温度、湿度和CO2分压等对其所产生的影响。     

潜艇舱室固态胺CO2清除技术的化学热力学分析

依据有关文献提供的热力学状态函数值,分水蒸汽再生和真空再生两种工况,近似计算了标准状态和实际状况下固态胺吸附与解吸CO2反应的平衡与程度,并讨论了温度、湿度和二氧化碳分压等对其所产生的影响。     

潜艇舱室固态胺CO2清除技术的基础理论分析

简述了国内外潜艇舱室CO2的清除方法,指出了固态胺技术将是未来发展的主要方向之一,分析了固态胺吸附与再生的理论基础,给出了成功应用该技术需要优先解决的系列问题。     

潜艇舱室固态胺CO2清除技术的基础理论分析

简述了国内外潜艇舱室二氧化碳的清除方法,指出了固态胺技术将是未来发展的主要方向之一,分析了固态胺吸附与再生的理论基础,给出了成功应用该技术需要优先解决的系列问题。     

PAN-TETA纤维制备及吸附CO_2性能研究

三乙烯四胺在较优的反应条件,在温度150℃,反应时间4 h,固液比1∶20,与聚丙烯腈纤维反应,获得了聚丙烯腈-三乙烯四胺固态胺纤维。应用酸碱滴定法测得纤维的胺基含量为6.5 mmol/g,应用扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱仪表征纤维的表面形貌和官能团。在压强100 kPa、温度25.0℃、相对湿度80%、CO2浓度1.0%、纤维含水量100%条件下,30 min内测得纤维对CO2的吸附量为88.0 g/kg;103℃~105℃高温水蒸气再生10 min,循环吸附再生10次,纤维的再生效率为96.5%。     

固态胺纤维制备及在密闭舱内吸附CO2性能研究

以聚丙烯腈纤维(PAN)为基体,通过水解、酰氯化及与聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)接枝反应制备得到多胺基型固态胺纤维.应用红外光谱仪、热重分析仪及扫描电子显微镜表征了纤维的官能团结构、热稳定性及表面微观形貌.在温度25.0℃、相对湿度80%、初始CO2浓度1.0%的条件下,测得纤维在30 min内对CO2的吸附量可达154.4 g/kg;105℃ 水蒸气再生10 min,循环吸附再生50次,纤维的再生效率为98.3%.     

二氧化氮芯片式检定管胶体的研制

选用淀粉-碘化钾法研制二氧化氮芯片式检定管胶体,研究了载体和胶体配比等对胶体性能的影响,并绘制了定量曲线。二氧化氮芯片式检定管的检测下限是0.27mg/m3。芯片式检定管无需手工切割,采用光电识别,读数误差小,可在光线昏暗的环境中使用。     

CO2脱除机在白灵菇种植场所的应用研究

白灵菇是一种营养丰富的食用菌,目前在国内市场供不应求,而在其反季节种植过程中,存在着冷库内CO2浓度逐步升高,影响产量和形状的问题。为解决这些问题,介绍了新研制的一种新型的CO2脱除机,可以较好的控制反季种植中冷库内的CO2浓度。测试了冷库内不同生长阶段白灵菇产生的CO2浓度,考察了冷库内不同高度时的CO2浓度的梯度变化,以及在试验中后期冷库内CO2浓度的变化速度。提出了白灵菇反季节种植冷库中CO2脱除机的运行方式。     

Identification and quantification of plankton bloom events in the Baltic Sea by continuous pCO2 and chlorophyll a measurements on a cargo ship

Continuous measurements of the surface water CO₂ partial pressure (pCO₂) and the chlorophyll a fluorescence were performed in the Baltic Sea using a fully automated measurement system deployed on a cargo ship. The ship commuted regularly at two day intervals between the Mecklenburg Bight (Luebeck) and the Gulf of Finland (Helsinki). The pCO₂ data collected during June 2003 and September 2004 were used to identify biological production events such as the spring bloom and the midsummer cyanobacteria bloom in five different sub-regions. To quantify the net biomass production, the decrease of the total CO₂, ^NC_T (normalized to a uniform alkalinity), during the production periods was calculated using the pCO₂, temperature and salinity records and the mean alkalinity. Taking into account the CO₂ air/sea exchange and the formation of dissolved organic carbon, a simple mass balance yielded the net production of particulate organic carbon which represents the total biomass. The chlorophyll a concentrations obtained from the fluorescence data showed peaks that in most cases coincided with the production maxima and thus supported the interpretation of the pCO₂ data. The production during both the spring bloom (2004) and the midsummer nitrogen fixation period (2003) increased by a factor of about three from the southwest to the northeast. For the spring bloom our estimates were significantly higher than those based on the winter nutrient supply and Redfield C / N and C / P ratios. This indicated the existence of additional nutrient sources such as dissolved organic nitrogen, early nitrogen fixation and preferential P mineralization. Midsummer ^NC_T minima were observed only in 2003 and used to quantify the nitrogen fixation activity and to characterize its interannual variability.     

B级碳素船体钢焊接接头耐蚀性研究

通过室内腐蚀挂片及电化学测量试验 ,研究了B级碳素船体钢三种常见焊接接头的耐海水腐蚀性能。结果表明 :在海水中 ,接头的焊缝区最易受到腐蚀 ,其次为母材 ,热影响区腐蚀最轻 ;几种接头相比 ,B级碳素船体钢与J4 2 2焊条匹配后焊接接头的综合耐蚀性高于其与J50 7和H0 8MnSi2A两种焊接材料匹配后接头的耐蚀性。     

LiOH药粒的粉尘抑制技术现状与展望

LiOH是密闭空间中一种重要的CO2吸收剂。针对LiOH药粒在使用过程中易产生刺激性粉尘的缺点,本文主要介绍了几种LiOH药粒粉尘抑制技术的技术原理,分析了各种技术的主要特点,展望了LiOH粉尘抑制技术的研究前景。     

Estimates of Southern Ocean primary production—constraints from predator carbon demand and nutrient drawdown

In view of the wide range of estimates for the total primary production for the Southern Ocean south of the Subantarctic Front—current estimates range from 1.2 to 3.5 Gtonne C year⁻¹—we have examined two indirect methods for assessing primary production. First, we have estimated the primary production needed to sustain the carbon requirements of the endotherm top predators in the ecosystem. Estimation of the carbon requirements for crabeater seals of about 7 Mtonne C year⁻¹ is extrapolated to a value for all endotherm predators of 15–30 Mtonne C year⁻¹. Current data indicate that 70–80% of the diet of this suite of predators is zooplankton (predominantly the euphausiid krill), making for highly efficient transfer from primary production to top predators. Our best estimate of Southern Ocean primary production by this method is of the order of 1.7 Gtonne C year⁻¹, or an averaged areal primary production of about 30–40 g C m⁻² year⁻¹. Our second approach is to estimate primary production from the drawdown of inorganic nutrients, based on the limited suite of studies from which an annual nutrient deficit can be calculated. Again, this indicates annual primary production of the order of 1.5 Gtonne. Although both methods have inherent uncertainties, taken together they provide a relatively robust constraint on annual primary production. For both methods to underestimate primary production by the 1–1.5 Gtonne C implied by the higher current estimates, carbon export from the Southern Ocean pelagic ecosystem would need to be much higher than is normally found in other oceans.     

Seasonal carbon distribution of copepods in the eastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica

Copepods were sampled by a multiple opening-closing net in the eastern Weddell Sea during various seasons (late winter/early spring, summer, autumn). Total copepod biomass integrated over the upper 1000 m varied seasonally between 1.7 mg C m⁻³ in late winter/early spring and 3.7 mg C m⁻³ in autumn. After the dark season the copepods were rather evenly distributed vertically and highest biomass levels were found in the mid-water layers between about 200 m and 500 m. By contrast, especially in summer but also in autumn copepod biomass concentrated in the uppermost water layer. A total of 64 calanoid species were identified in the upper 1000 m with maximum species numbers in the deepest layer. The large calanoids Calanus propinquus, Calanoides acutus, Metridia gerlachei, Euchaeta antarctica and the small calanoid Microcalanus pygmaeus prevailed and accounted for 60–70% of total copepod biomass, while the small poecilostomatoid Oncaea and the cyclopoid Oithona species comprised about 20%. Hence, the distribution pattern of the entire copepod biomass is strongly influenced by the life cycles of a few dominant species.