用于碰撞评估的夹层玻璃有限元建模方法

汽车行人保护碰撞性能是国家与各大整车企业的重点研究对象,风挡玻璃的研究对其结果起着重要作用。基于PAMCRASH软件,文章提出一种新型的PVB夹层玻璃建模方式并定义了行人保护计算中应用实施的流程。首先建立应变能密度模型,采用延迟断裂算法定义玻璃单元的失效。采用PAMCRASH模拟行人保护过程,与传统风挡玻璃建模方法和试验结果对比,确认新型夹层玻璃建模方法的精度更高,能够更好地复现风挡玻璃的特性。     

针对行人保护头部仿真分析中雨刮臂的接触设置研究

利用计算机进行有限元仿真分析,在汽车行人保护性能开发过程中有着广泛的应用。对于行人保护建模来说,风挡玻璃区域应按照实际情况对玻璃进行准确建模,然而对于风挡玻璃与雨刮器采用以往的接触设置,雨刮臂与玻璃产生穿透现象。因此为了解决穿透问题,准确模拟出其实际运动关系,对于雨刮臂与风挡玻璃之间的接触设置研究是非常有必要的。     

汽车夹层风挡玻璃的数值模拟和试验验证

在车辆开发过程中对夹层风挡玻璃的研究,对提高车辆对行人的保护性能具有重要意义。本文建立了汽车风挡夹层玻璃的有限元模型。该模型中,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)薄膜层采用实体单元,玻璃层采用壳单元和实体单元,使用最大主应变准则模拟玻璃开裂。采用5 mm的壳单元混合型网格的有限元模型,模拟计算了行人头部撞击风挡玻璃底部位置和车顶的抗压、加速度、侵入量、头部伤害指标(HIC)和玻璃破碎形态,并和试验进行了对比。结果表明:该模型可以模拟行人头部伤害程度及玻璃的断裂形状,可为车辆风挡玻璃设计及优化提供帮助。     

关于某SUV车型加速轰鸣声问题的解决

NVH性能是影响车辆舒适性的重要因素之一,某SUV车型加速过程中在发动机转速为2600 r/min时存在明显轰鸣声,严重影响车内乘员舒适性。通过道路上车内噪声的测试与分析、模态分析、CAE分析等方法对轰鸣声产生的原因进行了研究,确定该轰鸣声是由车身风挡横梁下板的局部结构振动和空腔声学模态耦合引起的。通过提高车身风挡横梁下板局部刚度改变结构振动的固有频率,避免了风挡横梁下板振动与声腔模态耦合。对风挡横梁下板进行局部改进后,道路试验结果表明车内轰鸣声得到明显改善,噪声降低5d B(A)左右。     

某车型前横梁吸能板优化设计

随着汽车对行人的碰撞保护国家标准的出台,行人保护安全的研究与应用越来越受到汽车厂商的重视。文章以《欧盟行人保护法规》（Regulation（EC）No78/2009）为基础,运用CAE技术,考虑到行人保护小腿碰撞伤害值要求及制造工艺要求,对某乘用车的前横梁吸能板结构进行优化。试验结果表明,采用优化后的吸能板结构有效地降低了小腿伤害值,有利于该车型行人保护性能的提升,为以后类似设计提供参考。     

一种波浪型行人保护横梁设计

行人保护安全作为汽车安全性能的一项重要评价指标,越来越受到汽车行业及广大消费者的重视。而行人保护横梁作为对行人腿部安全起决定性作用的零件,设计显得尤为重要。根据C-NCAP 2021五星碰撞要求,行人保护的评分标准变得更加严苛,所以设计一种满足要求的行人保护横梁势在必行。报告了目前行人保护横梁的现状,对常用的行人保护横梁的设计进行了研究,提出了当前设计的不足之处。同时结合一款新开发车型,提出了一种满足五星碰撞要求的新型设计方案,利用波浪型结构增大了行人腿部变形空间,提高了腿部得分,并且通过计算机辅助工程（CAE）模拟仿真和试验验证,验证了该结构的稳定性。     

行人保护小腿碰撞中不同吸能与支撑材料的对比研究

本文主要通过对某款车型的行人保护腿部分析,对比了不同吸能与支撑材料对行人保护性能的影响,得到最优的吸能与支撑材料的组合,为车辆行人保护前部结构设计提供参考.     

福特iosis MAX

iosis MAX外观为流线型，一开始就给人明亮灵巧的视觉感，另一个秘诀是大量应用玻璃，从前风挡到后门以单片强化玻璃覆盖其上，贯穿中央的横梁则提供车内乘员宽阔的视野与明亮的空间。倒梯形水箱罩一看即知为福特新一代车型的共同特征．不过在这里却第一次看到三条镀铬横栅饰条的设计。     

基于EuroNCAP行人头部保护的某SUV车型建模与优化

基于2013版本EuroNCAP行人保护5星评价标准,建立了某SUV车型前端结构有限元模型,利用头模撞击器,结合试验结果,对该sUv车型行人保护头部碰撞性能进行了试验和仿真分析,同时结合各个碰撞点的局部结构特征,对车身局部进行了有针对性的改进设计.结果表明,优化后的车身结构降低了头部模型碰撞加速度和HIC15值,提高了行人头部保护性能.     

基于2018版CNCAP的风窗横梁结构设计

随着2018版CNCAP的施行,汽车行人保护安全性能愈发重要。基于行人头部保护试验规程,以短前悬纯电动车开发为例,详细介绍了风窗横梁从概念阶段、详细设计到分析验证的全过程,为行保及风窗横梁设计提供参考。     

城市道路运用人非共板断面的探讨

该文结合城市道路旧城改建或道路拓宽所采取的人非共板断面工程案例,在分析人非共板断面优点及存在问题的基础上,提出了科学运用人非共板的观点,并对人非共板的适用范围进行了探讨。     

基于道路环境的人行道行人服务水平评价方法

从行人步行的舒适度和安全感出发,研究城市道路两侧人行道行人服务水平评价方法。选择9条具有代表性的人行道进行道路几何特征及交通流特征调查,并采用路边询问法进行行人问卷调查。基于调查数据,运用偏相关分析得到人行道行人服务水平主要影响因素为:机非分隔带宽度、非机动车道宽度、绿化带(设施带)宽度、人行道宽度、机动车交通量、非机动车交通量、行人流率及人行道上的障碍物分布状况。进一步分析了不同行人流率范围内行人服务水平与行人流率的关系,最终建立的基于道路环境的行人服务水平评价模型与HCM方法相结合可有效预测人行道行人服务水平。     

汽车引擎盖碰撞升起机构对行人保护模拟

基于汽车碰撞行人的动态响应,使用了一个经过验证的行人数学模型,模拟碰撞事故中行人的动态响应,比较了行人模型的运动学响应及真实实验,计算了头、胸、下肢等人体各部分与损伤相关的参数,对汽车前部优化设计, 以减轻对行人的伤害,提供一个可参考的方案。     

无灯控行人过街元胞自动机交通模型研究

以无灯控行人过街对交通流影响为分析目标,在综合考虑行人穿越行为及车辆行为的基础上,建立了相应的行人及车辆元胞自动机模型规则,尤其是在模型中提出了行人等待区的概念及基于等待区内有无行人的车辆行为规则。以上述模型为基础,通过对不同行人产生概率及速度快的行人比例情况时路段交通流演化趋势进行了仿真。     

Injury analysis of pedestrians in collisions using the pedestrian deformable model

Vehicle safety has become the most important issue in automobile design. However, all efforts to improve safety devices focus on enhancing safety features for occupants. Notably, pedestrians are the second largest category of motor vehicle deaths, after occupants, and account for about 13 percent of motor vehicle deaths. It is essential to design pedestrian-friendly vehicles and pedestrian protection systems to reduce pedestrian fatalities and injuries. To effectively assess pedestrian injuries resulting from vehicle impact, a deformable pedestrian model must be developed for vehicle-pedestrian collision analysis. This study constructs a pedestrian-collision numerical model based on LS-DYNA finite element code. To verify the accuracy of the proposed deformable pedestrian model, experimental data are used in the pedestrian model test. This study applies the proposed model to analyze the dynamic responses and injuries of pedestrians involved in collisions. The modeled results can help assess vehicle pedestrian friendliness and assist in the future development of pedestrian-friendly vehicle technologies.     

一种降低人-地撞击损伤的车辆制动控制方法

为降低车人碰撞事故中人与地面撞击所致损伤,提出一种车辆制动控制策略.该策略在检测到人体头部与车辆首次接触后松开车辆制动,之后依据若干准则再次完全制动车辆直到车辆停止.选择10种车型、两种制动方法(完全制动和控制制动)和一个虚拟仿真系统(包含3种车速×4种行人尺寸×2种行人步态)设计了共480次MADYMO仿真试验.结果...     

Impact phase in frontal vehicle-pedestrian collisions

The paper presents an alternative model developed in order to determine the pedestrian throw distance, taking into account ten distinct parameters. The collision dynamics, after the primary and secondary impact (pedestrian’s head hitting the vehicle windshield-hood area) between the vehicle and the pedestrian, entails the pedestrian ‘carrying’ phase onto the vehicle hood-windshield. Other parameters influencing the pedestrian throw distance, such as road inclination, friction coefficient between the pedestrian and the ground, vehicle and pedestrian mass, pedestrian launch angle are considered for the analysis. A comparison between the results obtained through the formula proposed in this paper and the results obtained by other researchers as well as a comparison with the results extracted from the casuistry analyzed by the authors on both accident reconstruction and laboratory tests is carried out.     

基于交通事故深度调查数据的行人头部损伤特征研究

基于未来出行交通事故场景研究 （Future Mobile Traffic Accident Scenario Study,FASS） 数据库中135例人车碰 撞事故深度调查数据,对造成行人头部损伤的来源及车速对头部损伤来源的影响进行了统计分析。采用Spearman相关系 数检验法,建立了车辆速度区间与头部平均 MAIS 的回归模型。结果表明,行人头部致伤物主要来源于车辆,占比约 58%,其次为地面,占比约40%。行人事故中,碰撞车速对行人头部损伤来源的分布情况有一定的影响,当车速低于30 km/h时,行人头部损伤主要来源为地面,当车速为 ［30,50］ km/h时,车辆和地面对行人头部造成的损伤风险相近,当 车速高于 50 km/h时,行人头部损伤主要致伤物来源为车辆。因此,在进行交通损伤流行病学研究、交通损伤事故数据 库构建时,特别是在中低速碰撞中,应重视地面对头部造成损伤的风险。     

Assessment of the pedestrian friendliness of a vechicle using subsystem impact tests

Annually, thousands of unprotected pedestrians are killed or suffer serious injuries in accidents with moving vehicles. Numerous automobile organizations have performed research on pedestrian safety. The European Enhanced Vehicle- Safety Committee (EEVC), Working Group 17 (WG17) proposed three component subsystem tests to evaluate the friendliness of a vehicle to pedestrians: the legform to hood test, the upper legform to bonnet leading edge test and the headform to bonnet top test. In assessing the pedestrian friendliness of a vehicle, the present study adopted the WG17 regulations of the three component subsystem tests. We herein describe in detail a finite element subsystem model built to analyze the pedestrian friendliness of a vehicle using LS-DYNA. The first objective of this study was to simulate these three component subsystem impact tests and evaluate car front aggressiveness. The second objective was to analyze the frontal structures of a vehicle and, based on the simulation results, identify dangerous areas and provide suggestions for vehicle front design that may decrease pedestrian injuries. The analysis of these models and the results obtained may be used to help evaluate the pedestrian friendliness of a vehicle and guide the future development of pedestrian-friendly vehicle technologies.     

Characteristics of collision damage mitigation braking system for pedestrian protection

The vehicle travel velocity at pedestrian contact is considered to be an important parameter that affects the crash outcome. To reduce vehicle/pedestrian impact velocity, a collision damage mitigation braking system (CDMBS) using a sensor for pedestrian protection could be an effective countermeasure. The first purpose of this study is to clarify the relation between vehicle travel velocity and pedestrian injury severity due to differences in pedestrians’ ages in actual traffic accidents. The accident analyses were performed using vehicle-pedestrian accident data in 2009 from the database of the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis (ITARDA) in Japan. The result revealed that the fatality risk became higher with the increase in vehicle travel velocity. The second purpose of this study is to determine the safety performance of production vehicles equipped with the CDMBS for pedestrian protection. It was found that the CDMBS was highly effective in reducing the impact velocity from 50 km/h (vehicle travel velocity) to below 17 km/h, that could result in a significant decrease in fatality risk to be 2% or less. Additionally, the authors investigated a detectable zone with respect to a pedestrian’s position in relation to the vehicle. It was shown that the detectable zones for production vehicles tested were limited to be inside the vehicle front width.