An improved ductile fracture criterion for fine-blanking process

In order to accurately simulate the fine-blanking process, a suitable ductile fracture is significant.So an evaluation strategy based on experimental and corresponding simulation results of tensile, compression, torsion and fine-blanking test is designed to evaluate five typical ductile fracture criteria, which are widely-used in metal forming process.The stress triaxiality and ductile damage of each test specimen are analyzed.The results show that none of these five criteria is sufficient for all tests.Furthermore, an improved fracture criterion based on Rice and Tracey model, taking the influence of both volume change and shape change of voids into account, is proposed.The characterization of this model for fine-blanking process is easily done by the tensile test and the prediction result shows good.     

Stability Analysis of Long-Span Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge with Thin-Wall Pier

During cantilever cast in construction of high-pier and large-span continuous rigid frame bridges, structural stability in the longest cantilevered stage is very important. Based on a practical design case of a large-span continuous rigid frame bridge in Wuhan, the longest span stability coefficient is calculated with linear-buckling and nonlinear-buckling methods, respectively. The influences of both geometrical nonlinearity and the dual nonlinearity of material and geometry are considered. Numerical results indicate that the nonlinear solution is necessary to stability analysis because linear buckling loads axe much higher than those of nonlinear buckling. Thus, the edge fiber yield criterion is more convenient and faster than ultimate loading criterion when estimating nonlinear stability of structure, and can be used easily in the initial engineering design.     

Comparison of GTN damage models for sheet metal forming

The Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman(GTN) damage model was developed basing on anisotropic yield criterion to predict the damage evolution for anisotropic voided ductile materials.Hill's quadratic anisotropic yield criterion(1948) and Barlat's 3-component anisotropic yield criterion(1989) were used to describe the anisotropy of the matrix.User defined subroutines were developed using the above models.Taking the benchmark of NUMISHEET'93 square cup deep drawing as an example, the effect of matrix plastic anisotropy on a ductile material was studied.The predicted result by Barlat'89-GTN model has a better agreement with the experimental data than that by Hill'48-GTN and the original GTN model.     

基于混合壳单元法预应力混凝土T梁的受力性能

为了准确预测与评估预应力混凝土T梁的力学性能,利用混合壳单元建立了T梁有限元计算模型,对T梁从完好状态至破坏状态的力学行为进行了非线性分析。T梁中弯曲预应力钢筋采用组合壳单元模型,应用虚功原理推导了其对组合壳单元刚度矩阵的贡献,梁底平直预应力钢筋采用分层壳单元模型;利用Owen双参数屈服准则和Hinton压碎准则描述混凝土材料非线性特性,采用双折线本构模型模拟钢筋材料。分析结果表明:混合壳单元法计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,弹性阶段的T梁刚度折减不明显,非线性阶段刚度发生明显折减,跨中预应力钢筋应力增长幅度最大,因此,混合壳单元法对预应力混凝土T梁力学行为分析是有效的。     

基于Drucker-Prager系列准则的边坡安全系数计算方法

探讨了基于DP(Drucker-Prager)准则的边坡安全系数的计算方法。ANSYS有限元软件采用的岩土材料屈服准则为莫尔-库仑六边形外接圆DP准则,对均质边坡,可先求出外接圆DP准则条件下的安全系数,然后利用安全系数转换公式计算出各DP准则条件下的安全系数。对于具有多层土体的边坡,先通过调整各层土体的c,φ值,以实现DP系列准则间的相互转换,再计算得到各DP准则条件下的安全系数。通过算例验证了所提出的方法的可行性。     

工程结构模糊失效模式的优化准则法

基于枚举结构静强度主要失效模式的优化准则法,利用关于随机和模糊熵的定义,建立了模糊随机变量向等效的随机变量的转换关系。把这种关系用于建立模糊随机结构失效模式得到了较好的效果。并用算例来说明这种方法的应用和有效性。对于大型结构,结合并行计算方法,将会使计算时间大大地减少。     

岩石广义非线性统一强度理论

广义Hoek-Brown强度准则广泛用于岩石工程,但其没有考虑中间主应力效应.为此,根据双剪模型和广义Hoek-Brown强度准则,建立了广义非线性统一强度理论.该理论的极限面覆盖了全部外凸区域,构成岩石材料在主应力空间的全部极限面,广义Hoek-Brown强度准则和岩石广义非线性双剪强度准则是其特例.广义非线性统一强度理论的内边界是广义Hoek-Brown强度准则,外边界是岩石广义非线性双剪强度准则,其间是一系列新的极限面.广义非线性统一强度理论可以将统一屈服准则、统一强度理论、岩石非线性统一强度理论联系在一起.      

基于窗口导航有向图的GUI测试覆盖准则

为评估图形用户界面（GUI）测试用例集的充分性,提出了基于窗口导航有向图的覆盖准则.用有向图中的顶点表示GUI中的窗口,弧表示用户输入,描述用户与GUI的交互关系.基于窗口导航有向图,提出了顶层窗口覆盖、用户输入覆盖和n长度用户输入序列覆盖准则,并设计了相应的覆盖率算法.实验结果表明,符合这些覆盖准则的测试用例集能够达到90%语句覆盖率,且使故障发现率达到79%.     

A New Fracture Criterion for a Crack under Combined Mode Loading

A new fracture criterion was proposed, The physical explanation ot the criterion is that crack will propagate when the minimum strain energy-density in iso-hoop-stress curve reach a critical strength of the material considered. The resulting curve of critical fracture of mixed-mode cracks shows that the present fracture is efficient and more accurate than the previous criteria.     

Correction of wave surge forces to improve surf-riding/broaching vulnerability criterion check accuracy

Surf-riding/broaching is one of the five stability failure modes to be included into the International Maritime Organization (IMO) second generation intact stability criteria (which are risk-based stability criteria) that can ensure the safety of ships in actual seaways more effectively. This study focuses on the influence of wave surge force prediction accuracy on surf-riding/broaching vulnerability criterion check result. Firstly, it is demonstrated that the wave surge force prediction method adopted in the current vulnerability criterion check procedure is not accurate and may lead to wrong conclusions. The experimental data from captive model test and the numerical result based on 3D panel method both indicate that the diffraction effect must be considered to correctly predict the wave surge forces. Besides, sophisticated methods are not suitable for Level 2 vulnerability criterion check due to their complexity. Therefore, an empirical formula for wave surge force correction based on sample ship calculation results is proposed. The proposed empirical correction formula can effectively improve the vulnerability criterion check accuracy and thus contribute to the design and safety of the ships which are vulnerable to this stability failure mode.     

Investigation on blanking of thick sheet metal using the ductile fracture initiation and propagation criterion

In metal forming processes such as sheet blanking, severe plastic deformation localizes in a narrow shear band near blanking clearance, and ductile fracture occurs at the final stage. Because the combinations of large nonlinear strain localization, displacement discontinuity and ductile fracture brought obstacles to numerical simulation, a ductile fracture initiation criterion model and an elasto-plastic finite element method (FEM) were presented to simulate localized severe plastic deformation. Initiation and propagation of cracks were treated by deletion-and-replacement approach. The distributions and developing trends of effective strain and damage were predicted, the influence of blanking clearance on fracture was discussed, and an experiment was performed to explore the forming mechanism.     

碳纤维双向加固RC板抗弯承载力计算模型研究

对配筋相同的9块碳纤维布加固的RC双向板和1块同规格的对比板进行了抗弯试验，试验板采用四点加载、简支支承。依据试验板的实际破坏形态模拟出三种塑性铰线破坏模式并提出相应的实用计算公式，计算结果与试验结果较吻合，且偏于安全，可供工程设计参考。     

非贯通裂隙岩体经验强度准则的研究

根据单轴、双轴和三轴压缩条件下非贯通裂隙岩体模型的强度试验结果及其规律，通过岩体强度特征的理论分析，本文提出一个考虑中间主应力影响、适用于不同应力条件的非贯通裂隙岩体经验强度准则，并对准则中参数确定与选取进行了讨论。最后，以室内模型试验和现场试验数据，对提出的准则作了应用和验证。     

有限元软件分析钢筋混凝土结构

在超静定混凝土结构体系中,传统计算采用平面结构计算模型,存在简化结构计算模型过于简单,对混凝土局部分析也存在一些偏差。对混凝土实体超静定结构有限元建模中的混凝土开裂模拟、压碎、失效准则和屈服准则模拟进行分析,并对混凝土结构模拟钢筋的处理、混凝土的本构关系和破坏准则的选取进行论述。     

一种砼二轴应力状态下的简化强度准则

在砼结构分析中,常用到砼二轴应力状态下的强度准则.针对已有的一些砼强度准则取值不尽一致,且表达式相对繁琐,在分析文献[1]试验结果的基础上,笔者结合《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB50010 2002),按照曲线拟合的方法,拟合成一条单侧贝努利双纽线,经与其他砼二轴应力状态下的强度准则进行了比较,本文提出的砼二轴应力状态下的简化强度准则既能满足实际要求,又具有确定参数少、表达式简单、在不同的受力区具有统一的表达式的特点.     

圆管翼缘钢-混凝土新型组合梁极限抗弯承载力与延性

为研究圆管翼缘组合梁的抗弯性能, 进行了3根圆管翼缘组合梁静力加载抗弯破坏性试验, 分析了试验梁的抗弯破坏过程与破坏特征; 考虑混凝土损伤塑性本构及栓钉滑移与断裂, 建立了圆管翼缘组合梁非线性数值模型, 基于试验结果分析了数值模型的适用性; 以钢梁下翼缘宽度、混凝土翼板厚度与圆管管径为主要结构参数, 计算了48根正交设计的圆管翼缘数值模型组合梁的力学性能; 依据试验梁与数值模型梁的抗弯受力性能, 提出了基于简化塑性理论的圆管翼缘组合梁极限抗弯承载力计算公式; 应用数值模型梁位移延性系数计算结果, 回归得到了圆管翼缘组合梁位移延性系数计算公式。计算结果表明: 数值模型组合梁与试验梁承载力比值为0.99~1.03, 挠度比值为0.87~1.09, 因此, 弯矩-挠度计算曲线与试验曲线吻合良好, 可采用数值模型组合梁准确模拟圆管翼缘组合梁的抗弯全过程受力行为; 圆管翼缘组合梁极限抗弯承载力随钢梁下翼缘宽度、混凝土翼板厚度的增大而增大, 随圆管管径的改变变化较小, 位移延性系数随混凝土翼板厚度与圆管管径平方的增大呈线性增大, 随钢梁下翼缘宽度的增大呈线性减小; 不同塑性发展程度的各类模型梁位移延性系数为3.16~7.19, 体现了较好的延性; 采用极限抗弯承载力简化计算公式与圆管翼缘数值模型组合梁计算的极限抗弯承载力比值为0.91~1.09, 平均比值为0.98, 因此, 公式计算结果准确; 为使圆管翼缘组合梁具有一定延性, 建议位移延性系数大于3.5。      

车身粘接结构断裂失效准则改进

为了解决现有失效准则无法满足粘接结构真实失效预测的问题, 利用试验测试与仿真分析相结合的方法建立一种基于应力的断裂失效准则; 设计了5组典型拉剪比的ISR-7008/铝合金粘接接头, 并对5组不同拉剪比的粘接接头进行准静态拉伸试验, 获得了初始断裂载荷与最大断裂载荷, 确定了胶层断裂失效点的起始位置; 建立了粘接接头的仿真模型并在仿真模型中施加初始断裂载荷, 提取出5组典型拉剪比的接头失效区域内初始断裂点的各种应力; 通过对失效点的各种应力进行比值和线性组合处理, 得出等效应力计算公式, 基于该等效应力计算公式建立适用于粘接结构的初始失效和后续失效统一的失效准则; 设计了验证试验方案, 通过对比试验结果和仿真结果, 分析了失效准则的有效性。分析结果表明: 在75°嵌接接头中, 仿真分析获得的失效载荷为1 717.6 N, 试验测试获得的失效载荷为1 936.4 N, 试验和仿真的相对误差为11.3%;仿真结果与试验测试的胶层失效过程基本吻合, 验证了本文建立的失效准则的有效性。建立的基于应力的失效准则实现了粘接结构初始失效准则和后续失效准则的统一, 可以较为准确地预测复杂应力状态下粘接接头的失效过程, 并且该失效准则解决了弹性粘接剂厚胶层的仿真问题, 为工程实际应用中的粘接结构强度设计提供了一定参考。      

江南地区传统木构建筑透榫节点受力性能研究

为研究江南传统木构建筑中的主要榫卯节点透榫的结构性能及其影响因素,通过缩尺模型试验对该种榫卯节点在低周反复荷载作用下的破坏模式、滞回曲线、骨架曲线和转角刚度进行了分析,综合考虑节点的接触非线性和木材的材料非线性,采用ANSYS非线性有限元方法对其受力性能进行理论分析,并与试验结果进行比较分析,结果表明:该种榫卯节点的弯矩-转角滞回曲线基本上都呈Z形,具有明显的捏拢特性。该种榫卯试件均经历了弹性阶段、屈服阶段和破坏阶段,其最终破坏形态均为榫头根部断裂破坏,极限转角为0.11~0.14rad;ANSYS非线性有限元分析的结果和试验结果较为吻合,通过理论分析获取了该种透榫节点的平面内（竖向）转角刚度KV、平面外（水平）转角刚度KH和扭转刚度KR的相互关系,可近似归纳为2.5∶1∶1。      

浅议技术标准与规范的地位及作用

针对目前普遍存在的对技术标准、规范性质的认知问题,着重介绍技术规范的地位与作用,指出技术规范不是法律,在规范地位和性质认识上的错位,会严重束缚管理人员、设计人员和施工人员的创造性,极大地影响工程技术人员研究探索新技术的积极性,并在某种程度上阻碍了行业技术进步和新成果的应用。     

齿轮胶合计算准则的分析与研究

本文对国外流行的几种胶合计算方法进行了分析.并以各种方法的计算结果与实际运用情况进行了对比,提出 BLOK 闪温准则比较符合实际,并建议以此作为高速重载齿轮胶合计算的依据.文中以 BLOK 闪温准则为基础,通过试验对本体温度经验式提出了修改,以考虑不同润滑方式、供油量及刀具压力角对本体温度的影响,并在优化选参曲线的基础上,提出了新的简便的积分温度计算公式.