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根据催化重整装置工艺流程的特点,分析重整进料预处理(预分馏、预加氢)管道的腐蚀特点及腐蚀机理,按照腐蚀发生的部位,将装置的腐蚀分为湿H2S腐蚀和HCl腐蚀的低温腐蚀以及高温部位的H2/H2S腐蚀系统。同时对这两种不同腐蚀部位下的管道选材进行了探讨,提出了抗低温湿H2S腐蚀选材的具体要求和抗高温H2/H2S腐蚀的典型材料。文中介绍了已投产的某催化重整装置,目前该装置运行平稳,证明文中针对预处理腐蚀环境下提出选材要求是合理的。 相似文献
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某厂重油催化裂化装置轻柴油换热器管束使用5年后发生严重腐蚀,管束外壁腐蚀严重,多处腐蚀穿孔。通过调查分析,原因是轻柴油中含有少量H2S、HCl和H2O,形成了HCl-H2S-H2O腐蚀环境,特别是低温部由于有液态水存在,腐蚀严重。通过多个方案对比,提出了采用碳钢管束渗铝技术,即节约制造费用,又提高了管束抗腐蚀性能,延长了设备运行周期。 相似文献
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针对某气田的气质条件,对气田集输管道材料选择进行了专题研究。分析CO2和Cl-的腐蚀机理,选取了碳钢、不锈钢及双相不锈钢材料进行了气体集输管道腐蚀环境耐蚀模拟试验。实验结果表明:碳钢平均腐蚀速率最快,双相不锈钢腐蚀速率最慢。选取了4种不锈钢进行耐点蚀性能试验与评价。结果显示:马氏体不锈钢2Cr13抗点腐蚀能力最差,25Cr双相不锈钢因其抗点蚀、坑蚀能力强,适宜于某气质腐蚀环境。最后,分别从防腐效果和经济角度论证了采用25Cr双相不锈钢作为内部集输管线的材料优于碳钢+缓蚀剂。 相似文献
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Ingmar Andrasson 《先进运输杂志》1998,32(1):23-34
A survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996. 相似文献
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管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一(各因素的分值范围都是0~100分),为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。 相似文献
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The concept of accessibility has acquired numerous meanings along multiple dimensions during the century of its evolution. This essay argues for the salience of two dimensions: application-based and definition-based. In its application, accessibility has incorporated positive and normative dimensions which have varied in prominence over time. In its definition, accessibility has varied between a mode of evaluation incorporating measured mobility and proximity, on the one hand, and a predefined market basket of urbanist improvements to transportation and land use systems, on the other. Advocates of the accessibility shift should emphasize both the measured approach to accessibility and accessibility’s normative side. 相似文献
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The big paradigm for cities nowadays is to study the movement of pedestrians at the interface between metro and bus systems – metro–bus interchanges. When these interchanges are not well designed, walking is inefficient and can be unsafe for pedestrians. This paper analyses, by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model, metro–bus interchange spaces in order to propose planning guidelines for the city of Santiago de Chile. Specific objectives are (1) to identify the variables that provide efficiency and safety in those spaces; (2) to simulate different scenarios using the pedestrian simulation model LEGION; (3) to propose planning and design guidelines for pedestrian spaces at metro–bus interchanges; and (4) to contrast the recommendations in the recently opened terminal station on Line 1 of Metro de Santiago: Los Dominicos Station. 相似文献
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Nicholas B. Taylor 《运输规划与技术》2018,41(1):37-57
ABSTRACTPredicting the risk of traffic demands and delays exceeding critical limits at road junctions, airports, hospitals, etc., requires knowing how both mean and variance of queue size vary over time. Microscopic simulation can explore variability but is computationally demanding and gives only sample results. A computationally efficient approximation to the mean is used in many modelling tools, but only empirical extensions for variance in particular situations have been available. The paper derives theoretical formulae for time-dependent and equilibrium variance, believed to be novel and to apply generally to queues covered by the Pollaczek–Khinchin mean formula, and offering possible structural insights. These are applied in an extended approximation giving mutually consistent mean and variance estimates with improved accuracy. Tests on oversaturated peak demand cases are compared with Markov probabilistic simulation, demonstrating accuracy (R2?>?0.99) for typical random, priority-like (M/M/1) and traffic-signal-like (M/D/1) queues. Implications for risk analysis, planning and policy are considered. 相似文献
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在公路沥青混凝土路面配合比设计中,矿料配合比设计是一个重要环节。研究发现,通过使用计算机和Excel软件,在各种表格的单元格中设置相应计算公式、宏和绘图步骤,输入各种配合矿料的累计通过百分率后,通过简单的人机对话,完成各种矿料百分含量数据的输入和调整,自动生成各种图表;在质量监督中,通过现场检测混合矿料的级配,输入现场矿料、水泥混合累计通过百分率可自动判定其级配是否合格。 相似文献