管道输送型水煤浆储罐罐顶优化设计

文中对储罐的各种固定顶结构进行了对比分析,然后确定管道输送型水煤浆储罐罐顶结构的类型。依据设计需要和项目特点,确定了C型钢加岩棉夹芯板的设计方案。通过三维设计,完成对管道输送型水煤浆储罐罐顶的优化设计,并依据规范要求进行核算。对罐顶降低的质量进行计算,并和设计优化之前的质量进行了对比分析,达到降低罐顶自重并实现保温的目的。     

LNG储罐罐壁工程质量缺陷及控制措施

LNG储罐是LNG接收站中关键的设备之一,其工程质量非常重要。为使罐壁施工质量达到良好状态,可事先采用施工用的混凝土、钢筋和DOKA模板等施工材料建造小段试验墙,根据这段试验墙可以提前发现工程可能出现的缺陷,这些缺陷包括模板错缝、预埋件凹陷、混凝土表面局部气孔麻面、墙体裂缝、漏浆及混凝土表面色差等,对这些缺陷产生的原因进行分析并采取相应的控制措施,以确保罐壁施工顺利且高质量进行。     

10万m^3原油储罐网状阳极阴极保护的设计与施工

文中介绍了储罐阴极保护的方法,在国家大型储备油库工程建设实践中优选出适用与大型储罐的网状阳极法.通过在工程项目中网状阳极设计和施工的介绍,证明了网状阳极是一种简便易行的储罐阴极保护方法,整个罐底板均被阳极网保护.施加阴极保护措施后,可以大幅度提高储罐底板的使用寿命,同时降低了腐蚀穿孔、漏油的可能性,避免污染环境,降低输油的生产成本.     

海底管道伴热技术研究

通过调研海底管道不同形式的伴热技术,归纳了主要伴热形式,并介绍了对应的工程案例。从设计、伴热能力、操作性、伴热系统风险等方面进行综合对比,提出了不同海底管道伴热技术所适应的条件,为开展海底管道伴热设计提供借鉴。     

石油储罐防腐蚀技术现状

地上钢质石油储罐因采用防蚀技术不当,腐蚀泄漏事故时有发生。为了解国内外石油储罐现有的防蚀技术水平,本文较为详细论述了储罐防蚀技术中常用覆盖层保护和阴极保护技术现状,分析了国内石油储罐现有防蚀技术存在问题,并提出了一些发实可行的建议。     

液氨储罐角焊缝在线相控阵检验技术

文中针对液氨储罐定期检验不开罐的特点,通过对相控阵超声成像检测技术的研究,设计了4块角焊缝试板,共8处裂纹缺陷,通过设定检测参数,确定了实验参数和检测方案,检测出了预制的8处裂纹,并与DR检测成像进了比对,得到了较好的检测效果,对于将超声相控阵检验技术用于实际检测具有借鉴意义。     

LNG卸料臂与船对接法兰面泄漏分析

LNG卸料臂是LNG卸载过程中最重要的设备之一,而卸载过程中卸料臂与船对接法兰面最易发生泄漏,因此避免其泄漏很重要。文中以某LNG接收站为例,简要介绍卸料臂预冷流程;对曾经发生过的泄漏展开分析,结果发现预冷速度过快是造成对接法兰面泄漏的主要原因;提出了相应的改进措施。改进之后,此LNG接收站卸船期间再未出现卸料臂与船对接法兰面泄漏的问题。     

输油管道绝缘法兰附近内腐蚀原因分析

为了分析输油管道出站埋地绝缘法兰附近的泄漏腐蚀机理,文中对材料质量、外输油品含水、管道运行工况、管道高程、阴极保护电位等方面进行调查和分析。结果表明:绝缘法兰处存在矿化度很高、腐蚀性较强的沉积水,受两侧较大电位差影响,未保护端和保护端形成了局部电化学腐蚀电池,最终致使绝缘法兰附近处出现了严重内腐蚀穿孔泄漏。最后从生产运行、腐蚀防护等方面提出了相应的对策。     

输油管道泄漏事故分析及处理

输油管道出现泄漏事故时,可以通过首站的压力检测系统记录的数据进行分析.首站外输排量发生变化、末站更换罐以及管道泄漏时的压力波分别具有不同的特征.根据这些压力波,可以准确判断出管道泄漏的工况.管道上连接低压阀门损坏出现的泄漏事故原因,可以根据现场实际情况进行准确地分析.管道泄漏的事故处理必须有严密的施工组织,充分的准备,对泄漏处进行及时抢修,才能保证输油管道的安全运行.     

BOG处理工艺在液化天然气接收站中的应用

LNG接收站运行期间会产生蒸发气（BOG）,使储罐压力处于不稳定状态,因此要对BOG进行处理。BOG处理工艺分为直接输出工艺和再冷凝工艺,由于再冷凝工艺能耗小、先进、合理,因此应用广泛。文中介绍了LNG接收站再冷凝工艺的工艺流程,其要点是采用BOG压缩机负荷调节、再冷凝器高压补气和调节气液比的方法来实现再冷凝器的液位控制,并使储罐压力和BOG处理系统都达到稳定状态。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

Direct analysis of the perceived importance of attributes of reliability of travel modes in urban travel

Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area.     

盾构隧道管片接头抗剪力学性能研究

通过对南京长江盾构隧道环向管片接头进行的三组原型抗剪(无螺栓剪切、有螺栓逆剪和有螺栓顺剪)加载试验,分析研究了管片接头在剪力作用下的受力、变形和破坏特征,给出了管片接头混凝土接触面的静摩擦系数,得到了接头剪力主要由混凝土接触面承担、破坏形式为连接斜螺栓剪切延性破坏的结论。通过对管片结构的有限元数值模拟计算得出:接头处的剪力与轴力比小于接缝面的摩擦系数,管片不会发生相互错动,结构是稳定的。     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.